The purpose of this paper is to record and compare the height of women's winners in FIVB competit... more The purpose of this paper is to record and compare the height of women's winners in FIVB competitions in relation to their specialization and court dimensions (9×9 m and 8×8 m). The heights of 56 winners in 217 tournaments were processed. The winners were split in three groups depending on their specialization: 21 Defenders (DE), 22 Blockers (BL) and 13 without any specialization (No Specialization-NS). The average height of winners was found to be 178.8 ± 6.1cm (min= 165 cm and max=191 cm). The one way ANOVA showed that there were significant differences (F (2,53) = 20.198, p<0.001) between the DE, BL and NS players. The Post Hoc Scheffe indicated significant differences between the DE (M=173.7, SD=4.9 cm) and BL (M=182.1, SD=5.2 cm), as between DE and the NS (M=181.1, SD=3.2 cm). Also, significant difference was found (F (5,60) = 12.210, p<0.001) between the DE 9×9 , DE 8×8 , BL 9×9 , BL 8×8 , NS 9×9 and NS 8×8. The Post Hoc Scheffe indicated significant differences (p<0.05) between the DE 9×9 (M=171.8, SD=4.7 cm) and BL 9×9 (M=180.0, SD=2.8 cm), as (p<0.05) between BL 8×8 (M=182.9, SD=5.6 cm) and DE 9×9 (M=173.7, SD=5.1 cm. Also between NS 9×9 (M=179.7, SD=2.3 cm) and DE 9×9. Furthermore, the independent t-test found significant difference (t (18) =2.717, p<0.05) between the 10 first blockers in victories at 8×8 m (M=182.6, SD=5.0) and 9×9 m (M=177.0, SD=4.2). Overall, when considering heights versus specializations, blockers and not specialized players were taller than defenders for both court dimensions. Moreover, the top ten blockers in 8×8 courts were taller than those in 9×9, while defenders had no statistically significant difference. Smaller court dimensions appear to have favored taller players in the FIVB top ten winning teams in Beach Volleyball due to the greatest significance of blocking. But, the importance of agility in defense favored players with such skills and was not depend on height.
European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, Jan 26, 2022
The purpose of this study was to present the appropriateness of digital educational material and ... more The purpose of this study was to present the appropriateness of digital educational material and to explore multimedia usability and the importance of using them in developing the motivation of participants in learning sports skills. The participants were 63 beginner female volleyball athletes, aged 10-12 years (MO = 10,94, TA = 1.1 and 1-2 years of practice experience (MO = 1,44, TA = 1,4). The intervention program had 10 weeks duration, with 3 practices per week. For the needs of this study, an internet site (www.minivolley.gr) was used which had been created for this purpose. The athletes entered the positioning in their free time. The location contained sketches, 3D animations, videos with practice exercises, and presentations for the teaching and learning of the three basic Volleyball skills and their regulations. At the tip of the intervention, the comfort of attending the electronic courses was evaluated. The appropriateness of digital educational material according to the perceived view of the learners was evaluated using a part of the questionnaire of (Sun et al., 2008) while the intrinsic motivation of athletes was used the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (Mc Auely et al., 1989). The results showed a statistically significant improvement in all of the variables of both questionnaires.
Arab journal of nutrition and exercise, Jan 14, 2022
Background: Aim: To present the relevant research results that enhance the possibilities presente... more Background: Aim: To present the relevant research results that enhance the possibilities presented today with the use of multimedia applications. An attempt was made to explain its importance in the learning process in general and motor skills in particular. At the same time, we try to define the implementation process and the flags that need attention for the best possible results. Nowadays the use of digital technology has reached very high levels. Especially in the last two years with the COVID-19 pandemic, where distance learning was most used. Teachers have learned to use these digital tools to create attractive lessons for their students, who are already introduced to digital technology in their lives. The use of multimedia in education, as many research suggests, is a modern learning tool in the classroom, but recently they have been used in both physical education and sport. The effectiveness of multimedia use is based on the theory of visualization of information that helps the student store this information in their memory for subsequent recall, make the course more attractive/pleasant, so students are motivated to learn. In PA and sports it is used as a helpful tool, since the master of learning is practice. The means used to present multimedia in the classroom can be tablets, mobile phones, a laptop with a large screen view at the same time.
The purpose of this study was to record and evaluate the practice behaviors of 12 Greek Volleybal... more The purpose of this study was to record and evaluate the practice behaviors of 12 Greek Volleyball National Division coaches, mean age 47.36 (SD=6.1) through feedback that they provided to their athletes throughout the 2010-11 seasons. Verbal and non verbal behaviors were video recorded during four practices, of each coach. A total of 13.400 behaviors were observed and were coded using the Revised Coaching Behavior Recording Form which corresponded to the 12 categories of the instrument. The analyses of videotaped behaviors were made by two trained observers who were checked in the internal and external reliability. Results indicated that there were 279.11 coded coaching behaviors in each training session. A large proportion of reported coaching behaviors 17.38% (n=48.34) were about "Tactical Instruction", followed by "General Instruction" 15.92% (n=44.45) and "Technical Instruction" 12.42% (n=34.68). "Encouragement" and "Motivation" were 10.76% and 10.73% respectively. "Other Comments" (8.67%) and "Demonstration" (8.26%) were in lower rate. ANOVA revealed that there were not differences between 1 st and 2 nd division coaching behavior, instead of "Criticism" (p<0.05) with 2 nd division coaches have more comments and "Non verbal reward" (p<0.05) which 1 st division coaches were used more often.
The aim of this study was to examine the smoking behaviour through the Social Cognitive Theories,... more The aim of this study was to examine the smoking behaviour through the Social Cognitive Theories, the relation of this behaviour with leisure time exercise and parents influence on adolescent's smoking behaviour. Participants were 413 first grade high school students (M=13±1 years ...
European Journal of Physical Education and Sport, Mar 4, 2022
The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of teaching life skills through the volley... more The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of teaching life skills through the volleyball passing skill, of 44 primary school female children and their perceived satisfaction with the program. The sample was randomly assigned into two groups. The life skills group (LSG, n = 23) and the control group (CG, n = 21). All participants followed a six-week practice program aiming the passing skill learning. For the participants of LSG the program was combined with the components of goal setting, problem-solving and positive thinking. The control group received typical teaching and feedback provided by the PE teacher. All participants were evaluated in three measurements: pre-test, post-test and retention test. A qualitative evaluation (five main elements) of the passing technique, which was recorded by the digital camera, was used. Also, a common format for evaluating life skills knowledge perceptions and transfer (10-item questionnaire), which was developed in the Greek population by Papacharisis (2004) based on the work of Hogan (2000), and also a questionnaire for the perceived satisfaction of the students was used (Alexandris, Tsorbatzoudis & Grouios, 2004a, 2004b). Anova repeated measures show that participants of the LSG improved passing skill (p < .05) and showed a positive reception of the program by the students who learned interesting and useful things for their life in general, transferable to other aspects in their life, besides sports. The results of the study support the effectiveness of the life skills program that integrated volleyball passing skill learning, life skills improvement and participants' perceived satisfaction of the program.
European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 2022
The purpose of this study was to present the appropriateness of digital educational material and ... more The purpose of this study was to present the appropriateness of digital educational material and to explore multimedia usability and the importance of using them in developing the motivation of participants in learning sports skills. The participants were 63 beginner female volleyball athletes, aged 10-12 years (MO = 10,94, TA = 1.1 and 1-2 years of practice experience (MO = 1,44, TA = 1,4). The intervention program had 10 weeks duration, with 3 practices per week. For the needs of this study, an internet site (www.minivolley.gr) was used which had been created for this purpose. The athletes entered the positioning in their free time. The location contained sketches, 3D animations, videos with practice exercises, and presentations for the teaching and learning of the three basic Volleyball skills and their regulations. At the tip of the intervention, the comfort of attending the electronic courses was evaluated. The appropriateness of digital educational material according to the pe...
Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, 2006
The purpose of this study was to investigate the external risk factors that contribute to sports ... more The purpose of this study was to investigate the external risk factors that contribute to sports injuries experienced by Volleyball players. 114 Greek Volleyball players (61 male and 53 female) who participate in the Volleyball Championship including the A1 and A2 national division and the local championships, age 22.77 (SD = 4.85) participated in this study. A questionnaire survey was used for data collection purposes and the interviews were conducted on a personal level. Of the 114 volley ball players (94.5 response rate), reported 363 injuries, during a total exposure time of 34200 h/year for 5 years, representing an overall incidence of 0.63 injuries per player. The majority of the injuries were located in the ankle region (51.3%), followed by the knee (18.2%) and the back (12.4%). Most injuries (58.1%) were classified as being of moderate severity. Most injuries occurred during training (52.3%), and the 69.1% of them during the competitive season. The present study indicates that the risk of suffering an injury in volleyball is relatevly high therefore more researches are needed to accomplish in order practitioners and clinics prevent injuries in training period and competitions.
The aim of this study was to record the injury incidence in all age categories in male volleyball... more The aim of this study was to record the injury incidence in all age categories in male volleyball players and clarify the role of age in injury occurrence. The injury incidence rate, severity, diagnosis and the anatomical location of the injuries that occurred during practice and competition in the whole championship period were recorded prospectively during the period 2005-2006. A total of 407 Greek male volleyball players participating in all Volleyball Championships in Greece according to the Greek Volleyball Federation have been observed on a weekly basis for the period 2005-2006. The injury incidence rate was recorded as the number of injured players and also the number of injuries per player per year (total exposure time). The results revealed that injury occurrence is age related and junior volleyball players have a lower injury rate than senior ones. There were significantly more acute injuries in comparison to overuse syndrome and the ankle was the most common injured anatomical location. Finally, outside hitters, universals and setters presented different injury rates to other players and the "incorrect sprawls" and "stepping on others' feet" were the most common injury factors. In conclusion, findings in the injury occurrence rate must be interpreted in relation to the total exposure time in order to have more realistic conclusions.
This experiment investigated the effect of explicit, implicit, and sequential learning (implicit-... more This experiment investigated the effect of explicit, implicit, and sequential learning (implicit-explicit) on the acquisition and retention of decision-making skill in volleyball. The participants were 60 female novices, aged 10–12 years. The experimental groups followed three different methods of training: (a) explicit practice for development of declarative knowledge, (b) implicit practice for the development of procedural knowledge, (c) sequential practice (implicit first and then explicit), and (d) no practice (only measurements) - a control group. At pre-testing, post-testing, and retention testing there were measurements of the participants’ decision-making response time and accuracy. Analyses indicated that all experimental groups improved over time while the control group did not. The sequential group was faster and more accurate than the implicit group, and the latter was faster and more accurate than the explicit group. The sequential group outperformed implicit and explic...
The present study examined the effect of self-modeling οn beach volleyball skill learning and sel... more The present study examined the effect of self-modeling οn beach volleyball skill learning and self-efficacy. Participants were 32 novice female beach volleyball players (mean age = 12.8 years). All athletes followed an eight-week practice program regarding the skills of ...
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between self report of computer technol... more The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between self report of computer technology experience and students' perception toward a Course Management System (CMS). Participants were two hundred eleven (n=211) undergraduate students, between the ages from 19-24 years old. One hundred fifteen (71.1%) of the participants were male and sixty one were female (28.9%). Data were collected using an online questionnaire during one week period. Pearson correlation coefficients was conducted to determine what relationships exist among the self report of computer technology experience and the five dimensions that were used to assess the students' perceptions in online courses (including participation, educational material, usefulness, user control and instructor interaction). The results of the correlational analyses identified a significant positive correlation between the self report of computer technology experience and students' perception in each dimension of the survey. These finding suggest that the higher the computer technology experience, the higher the evaluation of students' perception. Further research is needed to see if this relationship exists with other student populations enrolled in other online courses.
The online CMS has become popular in recent years in higher education institutions due to the imp... more The online CMS has become popular in recent years in higher education institutions due to the implementation of distance education in Greece. The purpose of this study was to examine the students' perceptions toward physical education courses using the online CMS, e-Class at Democritus University of Thrace. Participants were two hundred eleven (n=211) undergraduate students, between the ages from 19-24 years old. One hundred fifteen (71.1%) of the participants were male and sixty one were female (28.9%). Data was collected using an online questionnaire during one week period. The statistical analysis included both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Overall, participants in this study had positive perceptions toward e-Class and the results indicated that such systems were easy to use and advantageous in Physical Education learning and assisted them to develop their skills. Students' responses in the survey questions also supported the benefits of using the CMS for their learning.
The present study compared three methods of practice: blocked practice, random and blocked-random... more The present study compared three methods of practice: blocked practice, random and blocked-random to learn volleyball basic skills. The statistical population of the study consisted of Isfahan school boys aged 12-14 who were registered in Volleyball Training Center in the year 2010. Five centers including 210 subjects were selected randomly and in an equal way stayed in the three training groups. They were trained for 2 months with 12 sessions in each month. Blocked practice group practiced just one skill in both sessions of the first month and one skill in each session of the second month. Random practice group practiced two skills in each session of the first month and three skills in each session of the second month. Blocked-random practice group practiced just one skill in both sessions of the first month and three skills in each session of the second month. For the statistical analysis, one-way variance and a portion test were used. The results showed that the difference between the mean scores of the participants is just meaningful in waterfall test, (p 0.05). Blocked-random practice compared to blocked and random practice compared to blocked were more effective in learning these skills. It can be proposed volleyball coaches use blocked-random and random practice in the training of spike skills to the beginners.
Athletes who suffered severe negative effects from the COVID-19 pandemic were forced to change ha... more Athletes who suffered severe negative effects from the COVID-19 pandemic were forced to change habits and significant restrictions were placed upon the exercise of their profession. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the psychological effects of athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic, by assessing the levels of fear of the disease and emotional regulation. The sample consisted of 331 athletes from a range of sports. In order to conduct this research, 2 questionnaires were used: (1) the Greek version of the "Emotion Regulation Questionnaire" (ERQ) and (2) the Greek version of the one-dimensional questionnaire for the "Fear of COVID-19" (Fear of COVID-19 scale). The statistical analysis was performed using with the SPSS v.23. The Greek athletes in the sample showed relatively high levels of reappraisal and moderate levels of suppression. Men showed higher levels of suppression than women, and as age increased there was a raise in reappraisal levels. Regarding the levels of fear of contracting COVID-19, low levels of fear were observed. Females showed higher levels of fear than men, and as the years of experience increased, the levels of fear of the COVID-19 disease decreased. Greek athletes had relatively high levels of reappraisal, moderate levels of suppression and low levels of fear about the disease COVID-19.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an interdisciplinary program of Greek trad... more The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an interdisciplinary program of Greek traditional dance with issues from music and sociology on high school students' anxiety. 131 students (68 males & 63 females), between the ages from 12 to 13 yrs., participated. The experimental group (n=62) followed the new eight-week program (two lessons/week) while the control group (n=69) followed the typical physical education program. To evaluate students' anxiety during lessons, the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (Martens, Burton, Vealey, Bump, & Smith, 1990) was used with its 3 dimensions (somatic, cognitive anxieties, & self-confidence). Students completed it before the initiation of the intervention and after its completion. The following statistical analyses were performed: a) Factor Analysis, b) Cronbach's alpha test, and c) Anova with Repeated Measures. Results showed that a. "Somatic anxiety", "cognitive anxiety" and "self confidence" accounted for 83% and 73%, respectively, of the total variance b) Cronbach's alpha was satisfactory (ranging from .66, .78 and .71 for the initial and from .87, .94 and .89 for the final measure), c) the experimental group decreased the levels of somatic and cognitive anxieties and enhanced their self-confidence. Also, male students increased their self-confidence more than female students. These findings support the view that an interdisciplinary program of traditional Greek dance and topics from music and sociology reduces the rates of somatic and cognitive anxieties while simultaneously increases students' self-confidence's levels, and especially those of males.
The aim of this study was to record the common practice of beach volleyball players in regards to... more The aim of this study was to record the common practice of beach volleyball players in regards to fluid, supplements and nutrition intake during a tournament. During the three days, tournament data was collected for male players (n=47, 21 elite and 26 non elite), age Μ=26.17 (sd=5.12) years old, weight Μ=83.10 k. (sd=6.9) and height Μ=1. 89 m (sd=5.79). The athletes responded to a questionnaire that was specially developed for this purpose and that had formerly been tested for its internal validity and reliability. The questionnaire was comple ted by the athletes after their games had ended so as to not disturb them prior to the game. In the framework of this questionnaire, the athletes answered whether they had drunk fluids one hour before the game, whether they had drunk solutions, whether they had eaten and exactly what, whether they took vitamins or other elements. During the tournament, a total of 50 games took place with the athletes playing 3 games per day with each game last...
The purpose of this paper is to record and compare the height of women's winners in FIVB competit... more The purpose of this paper is to record and compare the height of women's winners in FIVB competitions in relation to their specialization and court dimensions (9×9 m and 8×8 m). The heights of 56 winners in 217 tournaments were processed. The winners were split in three groups depending on their specialization: 21 Defenders (DE), 22 Blockers (BL) and 13 without any specialization (No Specialization-NS). The average height of winners was found to be 178.8 ± 6.1cm (min= 165 cm and max=191 cm). The one way ANOVA showed that there were significant differences (F (2,53) = 20.198, p<0.001) between the DE, BL and NS players. The Post Hoc Scheffe indicated significant differences between the DE (M=173.7, SD=4.9 cm) and BL (M=182.1, SD=5.2 cm), as between DE and the NS (M=181.1, SD=3.2 cm). Also, significant difference was found (F (5,60) = 12.210, p<0.001) between the DE 9×9 , DE 8×8 , BL 9×9 , BL 8×8 , NS 9×9 and NS 8×8. The Post Hoc Scheffe indicated significant differences (p<0.05) between the DE 9×9 (M=171.8, SD=4.7 cm) and BL 9×9 (M=180.0, SD=2.8 cm), as (p<0.05) between BL 8×8 (M=182.9, SD=5.6 cm) and DE 9×9 (M=173.7, SD=5.1 cm. Also between NS 9×9 (M=179.7, SD=2.3 cm) and DE 9×9. Furthermore, the independent t-test found significant difference (t (18) =2.717, p<0.05) between the 10 first blockers in victories at 8×8 m (M=182.6, SD=5.0) and 9×9 m (M=177.0, SD=4.2). Overall, when considering heights versus specializations, blockers and not specialized players were taller than defenders for both court dimensions. Moreover, the top ten blockers in 8×8 courts were taller than those in 9×9, while defenders had no statistically significant difference. Smaller court dimensions appear to have favored taller players in the FIVB top ten winning teams in Beach Volleyball due to the greatest significance of blocking. But, the importance of agility in defense favored players with such skills and was not depend on height.
European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, Jan 26, 2022
The purpose of this study was to present the appropriateness of digital educational material and ... more The purpose of this study was to present the appropriateness of digital educational material and to explore multimedia usability and the importance of using them in developing the motivation of participants in learning sports skills. The participants were 63 beginner female volleyball athletes, aged 10-12 years (MO = 10,94, TA = 1.1 and 1-2 years of practice experience (MO = 1,44, TA = 1,4). The intervention program had 10 weeks duration, with 3 practices per week. For the needs of this study, an internet site (www.minivolley.gr) was used which had been created for this purpose. The athletes entered the positioning in their free time. The location contained sketches, 3D animations, videos with practice exercises, and presentations for the teaching and learning of the three basic Volleyball skills and their regulations. At the tip of the intervention, the comfort of attending the electronic courses was evaluated. The appropriateness of digital educational material according to the perceived view of the learners was evaluated using a part of the questionnaire of (Sun et al., 2008) while the intrinsic motivation of athletes was used the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (Mc Auely et al., 1989). The results showed a statistically significant improvement in all of the variables of both questionnaires.
Arab journal of nutrition and exercise, Jan 14, 2022
Background: Aim: To present the relevant research results that enhance the possibilities presente... more Background: Aim: To present the relevant research results that enhance the possibilities presented today with the use of multimedia applications. An attempt was made to explain its importance in the learning process in general and motor skills in particular. At the same time, we try to define the implementation process and the flags that need attention for the best possible results. Nowadays the use of digital technology has reached very high levels. Especially in the last two years with the COVID-19 pandemic, where distance learning was most used. Teachers have learned to use these digital tools to create attractive lessons for their students, who are already introduced to digital technology in their lives. The use of multimedia in education, as many research suggests, is a modern learning tool in the classroom, but recently they have been used in both physical education and sport. The effectiveness of multimedia use is based on the theory of visualization of information that helps the student store this information in their memory for subsequent recall, make the course more attractive/pleasant, so students are motivated to learn. In PA and sports it is used as a helpful tool, since the master of learning is practice. The means used to present multimedia in the classroom can be tablets, mobile phones, a laptop with a large screen view at the same time.
The purpose of this study was to record and evaluate the practice behaviors of 12 Greek Volleybal... more The purpose of this study was to record and evaluate the practice behaviors of 12 Greek Volleyball National Division coaches, mean age 47.36 (SD=6.1) through feedback that they provided to their athletes throughout the 2010-11 seasons. Verbal and non verbal behaviors were video recorded during four practices, of each coach. A total of 13.400 behaviors were observed and were coded using the Revised Coaching Behavior Recording Form which corresponded to the 12 categories of the instrument. The analyses of videotaped behaviors were made by two trained observers who were checked in the internal and external reliability. Results indicated that there were 279.11 coded coaching behaviors in each training session. A large proportion of reported coaching behaviors 17.38% (n=48.34) were about "Tactical Instruction", followed by "General Instruction" 15.92% (n=44.45) and "Technical Instruction" 12.42% (n=34.68). "Encouragement" and "Motivation" were 10.76% and 10.73% respectively. "Other Comments" (8.67%) and "Demonstration" (8.26%) were in lower rate. ANOVA revealed that there were not differences between 1 st and 2 nd division coaching behavior, instead of "Criticism" (p<0.05) with 2 nd division coaches have more comments and "Non verbal reward" (p<0.05) which 1 st division coaches were used more often.
The aim of this study was to examine the smoking behaviour through the Social Cognitive Theories,... more The aim of this study was to examine the smoking behaviour through the Social Cognitive Theories, the relation of this behaviour with leisure time exercise and parents influence on adolescent's smoking behaviour. Participants were 413 first grade high school students (M=13±1 years ...
European Journal of Physical Education and Sport, Mar 4, 2022
The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of teaching life skills through the volley... more The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of teaching life skills through the volleyball passing skill, of 44 primary school female children and their perceived satisfaction with the program. The sample was randomly assigned into two groups. The life skills group (LSG, n = 23) and the control group (CG, n = 21). All participants followed a six-week practice program aiming the passing skill learning. For the participants of LSG the program was combined with the components of goal setting, problem-solving and positive thinking. The control group received typical teaching and feedback provided by the PE teacher. All participants were evaluated in three measurements: pre-test, post-test and retention test. A qualitative evaluation (five main elements) of the passing technique, which was recorded by the digital camera, was used. Also, a common format for evaluating life skills knowledge perceptions and transfer (10-item questionnaire), which was developed in the Greek population by Papacharisis (2004) based on the work of Hogan (2000), and also a questionnaire for the perceived satisfaction of the students was used (Alexandris, Tsorbatzoudis & Grouios, 2004a, 2004b). Anova repeated measures show that participants of the LSG improved passing skill (p < .05) and showed a positive reception of the program by the students who learned interesting and useful things for their life in general, transferable to other aspects in their life, besides sports. The results of the study support the effectiveness of the life skills program that integrated volleyball passing skill learning, life skills improvement and participants' perceived satisfaction of the program.
European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 2022
The purpose of this study was to present the appropriateness of digital educational material and ... more The purpose of this study was to present the appropriateness of digital educational material and to explore multimedia usability and the importance of using them in developing the motivation of participants in learning sports skills. The participants were 63 beginner female volleyball athletes, aged 10-12 years (MO = 10,94, TA = 1.1 and 1-2 years of practice experience (MO = 1,44, TA = 1,4). The intervention program had 10 weeks duration, with 3 practices per week. For the needs of this study, an internet site (www.minivolley.gr) was used which had been created for this purpose. The athletes entered the positioning in their free time. The location contained sketches, 3D animations, videos with practice exercises, and presentations for the teaching and learning of the three basic Volleyball skills and their regulations. At the tip of the intervention, the comfort of attending the electronic courses was evaluated. The appropriateness of digital educational material according to the pe...
Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, 2006
The purpose of this study was to investigate the external risk factors that contribute to sports ... more The purpose of this study was to investigate the external risk factors that contribute to sports injuries experienced by Volleyball players. 114 Greek Volleyball players (61 male and 53 female) who participate in the Volleyball Championship including the A1 and A2 national division and the local championships, age 22.77 (SD = 4.85) participated in this study. A questionnaire survey was used for data collection purposes and the interviews were conducted on a personal level. Of the 114 volley ball players (94.5 response rate), reported 363 injuries, during a total exposure time of 34200 h/year for 5 years, representing an overall incidence of 0.63 injuries per player. The majority of the injuries were located in the ankle region (51.3%), followed by the knee (18.2%) and the back (12.4%). Most injuries (58.1%) were classified as being of moderate severity. Most injuries occurred during training (52.3%), and the 69.1% of them during the competitive season. The present study indicates that the risk of suffering an injury in volleyball is relatevly high therefore more researches are needed to accomplish in order practitioners and clinics prevent injuries in training period and competitions.
The aim of this study was to record the injury incidence in all age categories in male volleyball... more The aim of this study was to record the injury incidence in all age categories in male volleyball players and clarify the role of age in injury occurrence. The injury incidence rate, severity, diagnosis and the anatomical location of the injuries that occurred during practice and competition in the whole championship period were recorded prospectively during the period 2005-2006. A total of 407 Greek male volleyball players participating in all Volleyball Championships in Greece according to the Greek Volleyball Federation have been observed on a weekly basis for the period 2005-2006. The injury incidence rate was recorded as the number of injured players and also the number of injuries per player per year (total exposure time). The results revealed that injury occurrence is age related and junior volleyball players have a lower injury rate than senior ones. There were significantly more acute injuries in comparison to overuse syndrome and the ankle was the most common injured anatomical location. Finally, outside hitters, universals and setters presented different injury rates to other players and the "incorrect sprawls" and "stepping on others' feet" were the most common injury factors. In conclusion, findings in the injury occurrence rate must be interpreted in relation to the total exposure time in order to have more realistic conclusions.
This experiment investigated the effect of explicit, implicit, and sequential learning (implicit-... more This experiment investigated the effect of explicit, implicit, and sequential learning (implicit-explicit) on the acquisition and retention of decision-making skill in volleyball. The participants were 60 female novices, aged 10–12 years. The experimental groups followed three different methods of training: (a) explicit practice for development of declarative knowledge, (b) implicit practice for the development of procedural knowledge, (c) sequential practice (implicit first and then explicit), and (d) no practice (only measurements) - a control group. At pre-testing, post-testing, and retention testing there were measurements of the participants’ decision-making response time and accuracy. Analyses indicated that all experimental groups improved over time while the control group did not. The sequential group was faster and more accurate than the implicit group, and the latter was faster and more accurate than the explicit group. The sequential group outperformed implicit and explic...
The present study examined the effect of self-modeling οn beach volleyball skill learning and sel... more The present study examined the effect of self-modeling οn beach volleyball skill learning and self-efficacy. Participants were 32 novice female beach volleyball players (mean age = 12.8 years). All athletes followed an eight-week practice program regarding the skills of ...
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between self report of computer technol... more The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between self report of computer technology experience and students' perception toward a Course Management System (CMS). Participants were two hundred eleven (n=211) undergraduate students, between the ages from 19-24 years old. One hundred fifteen (71.1%) of the participants were male and sixty one were female (28.9%). Data were collected using an online questionnaire during one week period. Pearson correlation coefficients was conducted to determine what relationships exist among the self report of computer technology experience and the five dimensions that were used to assess the students' perceptions in online courses (including participation, educational material, usefulness, user control and instructor interaction). The results of the correlational analyses identified a significant positive correlation between the self report of computer technology experience and students' perception in each dimension of the survey. These finding suggest that the higher the computer technology experience, the higher the evaluation of students' perception. Further research is needed to see if this relationship exists with other student populations enrolled in other online courses.
The online CMS has become popular in recent years in higher education institutions due to the imp... more The online CMS has become popular in recent years in higher education institutions due to the implementation of distance education in Greece. The purpose of this study was to examine the students' perceptions toward physical education courses using the online CMS, e-Class at Democritus University of Thrace. Participants were two hundred eleven (n=211) undergraduate students, between the ages from 19-24 years old. One hundred fifteen (71.1%) of the participants were male and sixty one were female (28.9%). Data was collected using an online questionnaire during one week period. The statistical analysis included both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Overall, participants in this study had positive perceptions toward e-Class and the results indicated that such systems were easy to use and advantageous in Physical Education learning and assisted them to develop their skills. Students' responses in the survey questions also supported the benefits of using the CMS for their learning.
The present study compared three methods of practice: blocked practice, random and blocked-random... more The present study compared three methods of practice: blocked practice, random and blocked-random to learn volleyball basic skills. The statistical population of the study consisted of Isfahan school boys aged 12-14 who were registered in Volleyball Training Center in the year 2010. Five centers including 210 subjects were selected randomly and in an equal way stayed in the three training groups. They were trained for 2 months with 12 sessions in each month. Blocked practice group practiced just one skill in both sessions of the first month and one skill in each session of the second month. Random practice group practiced two skills in each session of the first month and three skills in each session of the second month. Blocked-random practice group practiced just one skill in both sessions of the first month and three skills in each session of the second month. For the statistical analysis, one-way variance and a portion test were used. The results showed that the difference between the mean scores of the participants is just meaningful in waterfall test, (p 0.05). Blocked-random practice compared to blocked and random practice compared to blocked were more effective in learning these skills. It can be proposed volleyball coaches use blocked-random and random practice in the training of spike skills to the beginners.
Athletes who suffered severe negative effects from the COVID-19 pandemic were forced to change ha... more Athletes who suffered severe negative effects from the COVID-19 pandemic were forced to change habits and significant restrictions were placed upon the exercise of their profession. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the psychological effects of athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic, by assessing the levels of fear of the disease and emotional regulation. The sample consisted of 331 athletes from a range of sports. In order to conduct this research, 2 questionnaires were used: (1) the Greek version of the "Emotion Regulation Questionnaire" (ERQ) and (2) the Greek version of the one-dimensional questionnaire for the "Fear of COVID-19" (Fear of COVID-19 scale). The statistical analysis was performed using with the SPSS v.23. The Greek athletes in the sample showed relatively high levels of reappraisal and moderate levels of suppression. Men showed higher levels of suppression than women, and as age increased there was a raise in reappraisal levels. Regarding the levels of fear of contracting COVID-19, low levels of fear were observed. Females showed higher levels of fear than men, and as the years of experience increased, the levels of fear of the COVID-19 disease decreased. Greek athletes had relatively high levels of reappraisal, moderate levels of suppression and low levels of fear about the disease COVID-19.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an interdisciplinary program of Greek trad... more The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an interdisciplinary program of Greek traditional dance with issues from music and sociology on high school students' anxiety. 131 students (68 males & 63 females), between the ages from 12 to 13 yrs., participated. The experimental group (n=62) followed the new eight-week program (two lessons/week) while the control group (n=69) followed the typical physical education program. To evaluate students' anxiety during lessons, the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (Martens, Burton, Vealey, Bump, & Smith, 1990) was used with its 3 dimensions (somatic, cognitive anxieties, & self-confidence). Students completed it before the initiation of the intervention and after its completion. The following statistical analyses were performed: a) Factor Analysis, b) Cronbach's alpha test, and c) Anova with Repeated Measures. Results showed that a. "Somatic anxiety", "cognitive anxiety" and "self confidence" accounted for 83% and 73%, respectively, of the total variance b) Cronbach's alpha was satisfactory (ranging from .66, .78 and .71 for the initial and from .87, .94 and .89 for the final measure), c) the experimental group decreased the levels of somatic and cognitive anxieties and enhanced their self-confidence. Also, male students increased their self-confidence more than female students. These findings support the view that an interdisciplinary program of traditional Greek dance and topics from music and sociology reduces the rates of somatic and cognitive anxieties while simultaneously increases students' self-confidence's levels, and especially those of males.
The aim of this study was to record the common practice of beach volleyball players in regards to... more The aim of this study was to record the common practice of beach volleyball players in regards to fluid, supplements and nutrition intake during a tournament. During the three days, tournament data was collected for male players (n=47, 21 elite and 26 non elite), age Μ=26.17 (sd=5.12) years old, weight Μ=83.10 k. (sd=6.9) and height Μ=1. 89 m (sd=5.79). The athletes responded to a questionnaire that was specially developed for this purpose and that had formerly been tested for its internal validity and reliability. The questionnaire was comple ted by the athletes after their games had ended so as to not disturb them prior to the game. In the framework of this questionnaire, the athletes answered whether they had drunk fluids one hour before the game, whether they had drunk solutions, whether they had eaten and exactly what, whether they took vitamins or other elements. During the tournament, a total of 50 games took place with the athletes playing 3 games per day with each game last...
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Papers by Eleni Zetou
research is to investigate the psychological effects of athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic, by assessing the levels of fear of the disease and emotional regulation. The sample consisted of 331 athletes from a range
of sports. In order to conduct this research, 2 questionnaires were used: (1) the Greek version of the "Emotion Regulation Questionnaire" (ERQ) and (2) the Greek version of the one-dimensional questionnaire for the "Fear of COVID-19" (Fear of COVID-19 scale). The statistical analysis was performed using with the SPSS v.23. The Greek athletes in the sample showed relatively high levels of reappraisal and moderate levels
of suppression. Men showed higher levels of suppression than women, and as age increased there was a raise in reappraisal levels. Regarding the levels of fear of contracting COVID-19, low levels of fear were
observed. Females showed higher levels of fear than men, and as the years of experience increased, the levels of fear of the COVID-19 disease decreased. Greek athletes had relatively high levels of reappraisal,
moderate levels of suppression and low levels of fear about the disease COVID-19.
research is to investigate the psychological effects of athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic, by assessing the levels of fear of the disease and emotional regulation. The sample consisted of 331 athletes from a range
of sports. In order to conduct this research, 2 questionnaires were used: (1) the Greek version of the "Emotion Regulation Questionnaire" (ERQ) and (2) the Greek version of the one-dimensional questionnaire for the "Fear of COVID-19" (Fear of COVID-19 scale). The statistical analysis was performed using with the SPSS v.23. The Greek athletes in the sample showed relatively high levels of reappraisal and moderate levels
of suppression. Men showed higher levels of suppression than women, and as age increased there was a raise in reappraisal levels. Regarding the levels of fear of contracting COVID-19, low levels of fear were
observed. Females showed higher levels of fear than men, and as the years of experience increased, the levels of fear of the COVID-19 disease decreased. Greek athletes had relatively high levels of reappraisal,
moderate levels of suppression and low levels of fear about the disease COVID-19.