Philosophy

and ahistorical concept of reason which is at the heart of idealistic philosophy lends itself to all forms of ideology, but the bourgeois ideals, of cognitive and moral universalism on the one hand, of expressive subjectivism on the other, carry also utopian content which transcends the limits of false consciousness.” As Farr contends, this 937 Kellner, Lewis, and Pierce, On Marcuse: Critique, Liberation, and Reschooling in the Radical Pedagogy of Herbert Marcuse, Op. Cit., 10. 938 Farr, Critical Theory and Democratic Vision: Herbert Marcuse and Recent Liberation Philosophies, Op. Cit., 86. 939 Ibid., 77. 940 Habermas, “Psychic Thermidor and the Rebirth of Rebellious Subjectivity,” Op. Cit., 7.

My paper explores the American pragmatic tradition that inspired Voegelin's socio-historical theories as represented in his "On the Form of the American Mind." I explore, primarily, Voegelin's conception of the American "open self" and how forms of this conception were manifest in C.S. Peirce's semiotics and phenomenology, in William James's pscyhology and in John Dewey's pedagogy and social psychology.

But Voegelin's first book is illuminating, perhaps more so from the tone of the work than from any claim or conclusion. Voegelin was clearly, as he would later formulate it, in a state of "questioning unrest," and his encounter with the "American mind" is a dramatic illustration of that questioning unrest. This is of more than simply biographical concern since it is precisely the identification of this questioning unrest-its evocation-and the explication of its structural features, including the poles of its tension, and its norms that constitute genuine philosophy and certainly the recovery of genuine philosophy in the face of the accumulated distortions of the intellectual tradition that has given us the sorry contemporary "climate of opinion" (to use Whitehead's description, which Voegelin often employs in a pejorative context). It is, therefore, quite instructive to focus, as does Clancy Smith, on the leading American pragmatists whom Voegelin encountered and whose thinking has crystallized a distinctly American approach to philosophy altogether different from the perspective Voegelin was used to in European culture. And indeed Smith has pinpointed a recurrent theme in Peirce, James, and Dewey that would effect a responsive cord in Voegelin, with his questioning unrest, and would evoke in him the powerful symbol of the "open soul."

and Chance,' by a Nobel Prize-winning chemist and one of the founders of the 'new physics' of chaos, Ilya Prigogine, among the few modern theoreticians to have read Peirce. Prigogine showed how Peirce's view of time and the second law of thermodynamics anticipated the 'new physics' which derives order out of chaos by means of the idea that very small, chance differences can quickly create 'self-organized' largescale uniform effectsthat the physical world we perceive is characterized by extremely sensitive dependence on initial conditions, a fact which Peirce himself had pointed out," Brent, Charles S.

Hypersonic flows past Brazilian satellite SARA at zero angle of attack in chemical and thermal nonequilibrium are investigated using an axisymmetric Navier-Stokes solver. The numerical solutions were carried out for freestream conditions equivalent to a typically re-entry trajectory with a range of Mach numbers from 10 to 25. The gas was chemically composed by seven air species O, N, N O, O2, N2, NO + , e − with 24 steps chemical reactions scheme and thermically characterized by a multi-temperature model. Comparisons have been made between the present computation and the distribution of pressure coefficient and the heat transfer obtained recently with Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Method[1]. The study also points out the influence of nonequilibrium phenomena like ionization, vibrational and electronic excitation on aerothermodynamic flow parameters.

the fracture of a kantian antinomy: machiavelli and spinoza vittorio morfino, translated by dave mesing A genealogy of historical consciousness understood as the absolute knowledge of time should show how the equation reality = history is not empirically selfevident but the effect of a long sequence of events that, towards the end of the eighteenth century, led to thinking about history tout court, without any genitive. It should show, in other words, historical consciousness as a contingent phenomena. In his reconstruction of the fundamental themes of the first methodological debate on the practice of historiography in France at the end of the sixteenth century, Fabio Merlini emphasizes the three procedural imperatives that constituted the birth certificate of this discipline which just a half-century before was entirely absent from the university setting: 1) writing the facts of the past in an order irreducible to that of the chronological sequences of chroniclers and medieval annals; 2) subtracting this reconstruction from the prescriptions of dogmatic theology; 3) freeing writing from the stylistic rules of rhetoric. This methodological debate comes to a head with the education of memory as a logical reconstruction of the past; in other words, an historical event can be thought as such only as the product of another historical event. In this way a new order of univocal explanation is inaugurated with respect to the orders of traditional explanation: