
Hany Rashwan
SOAS University of London, Centre for Cultural, Literary and Postcolonial Studies, PhD student & lecturer
University of Birmingham, School of Languages, Cultures, Art History and Music, Research Fellow of Arabic Literary Theory
Dr Rashwan is a scholar of Arabic and Comparative Poetics. He holds a PhD in Cultural, Literary and Postcolonial Studies from SOAS, University of London. He is the recipient of the International Society for the History of Rhetoric (ISHR) Research Fellowship in 2015. His PhD research offers new criticism and analysis of ancient Egyptian literary devices based on Arabic-Semitic methodology, with full consideration of the unique visual nature of the Arabic and ancient Egyptian scripts.
In 2016, he earned his PhD after defending a thesis on Arabic jinas, or what can loosely be termed ‘wordplay,’ ‘paronomasia’, or ‘pun,’ examined through a comparative lens with ancient Egyptian rhetorical traditions. Jinās is one of the most critical literary devices present throughout Quran, Hadith, Arabic poetry, literary prose, songs, and proverbs, because it covers an array of phonetic, semantic, and graphic associations between words that have similar forms but with different meanings. Using Arabic poetic traditions, he was able to rediscover ancient literary registers and tones, which had been entirely obliterated when studied in Western rhetorical traditions.
The thesis will be published as a monograph with The American University in Cairo Press in early 2022. The book has received eight endorsements from eminent international scholars of Middle Eastern Literatures.
Following completion of his PhD in 2016, he held an Andrew W Mellon Postdoctoral Fellowship at the American University of Beirut, where, in addition to undertaking his research, he participated in organising conferences, seminar series and public talks.
He was successful in obtaining additional funding from the Andrew W Mellon Foundation to organise a significant international conference titled Post-Eurocentric poetics: new approaches from Arabic, Turkish and Persian Literature. He co-edited the conference proceedings with Prof Rebecca Gould, which are due to be published in 2022 by the British Academy: Oxford University Press.
Thereafter, he has been involved in various cutting-edge research projects in the field of Arabic Poetics and Comparative Literature. He is a Research Fellow of Arabic Literary Theory at the University of Birmingham working on the Global Literary Theory project funded by ERC which aims to reinvigorate comparative disciplines by engaging with overlooked literary-theoretical traditions Arabic, Persian, Turkic, and Georgian. I lead the strand on Arabic literature.
He has co-organised six international conferences. In July 2021, he co-organised “Pre-modern comparative literary practice in the multilingual Islamic worlds” hosted at Oxford Comparative Criticism and Translation. The conference opened new horizons for cross-cultural poetics that incorporate non-European philosophies of comparative criticism and literary interpretation, to address the inefficiency of Euro-American poetics and to cross the boundaries of the West-centric mode of thinking. The proceedings will be co-edited by the co-organisers and published in 2022 by the British Academy: Oxford University Press.
He is dedicated to engaging the public in dialogue about the role of literature in our society, particularly on critically analysing and interpreting religious texts in service of subduing extremism.
He has been invited to lecture publically twenty-six times in numerous universities and organisations, to speak on various features of Arabic and comparative poetics, in places as prestigious as The British Library, The British Museum, Alexandria Bibliotheca, The Egyptian Museum of Cairo, and the universities of Oxford, Cambridge, Leiden and Columbia.
Phone: 07727979810
Address: 17 Huntly Road
Edgbaston
Birmingham
In 2016, he earned his PhD after defending a thesis on Arabic jinas, or what can loosely be termed ‘wordplay,’ ‘paronomasia’, or ‘pun,’ examined through a comparative lens with ancient Egyptian rhetorical traditions. Jinās is one of the most critical literary devices present throughout Quran, Hadith, Arabic poetry, literary prose, songs, and proverbs, because it covers an array of phonetic, semantic, and graphic associations between words that have similar forms but with different meanings. Using Arabic poetic traditions, he was able to rediscover ancient literary registers and tones, which had been entirely obliterated when studied in Western rhetorical traditions.
The thesis will be published as a monograph with The American University in Cairo Press in early 2022. The book has received eight endorsements from eminent international scholars of Middle Eastern Literatures.
Following completion of his PhD in 2016, he held an Andrew W Mellon Postdoctoral Fellowship at the American University of Beirut, where, in addition to undertaking his research, he participated in organising conferences, seminar series and public talks.
He was successful in obtaining additional funding from the Andrew W Mellon Foundation to organise a significant international conference titled Post-Eurocentric poetics: new approaches from Arabic, Turkish and Persian Literature. He co-edited the conference proceedings with Prof Rebecca Gould, which are due to be published in 2022 by the British Academy: Oxford University Press.
Thereafter, he has been involved in various cutting-edge research projects in the field of Arabic Poetics and Comparative Literature. He is a Research Fellow of Arabic Literary Theory at the University of Birmingham working on the Global Literary Theory project funded by ERC which aims to reinvigorate comparative disciplines by engaging with overlooked literary-theoretical traditions Arabic, Persian, Turkic, and Georgian. I lead the strand on Arabic literature.
He has co-organised six international conferences. In July 2021, he co-organised “Pre-modern comparative literary practice in the multilingual Islamic worlds” hosted at Oxford Comparative Criticism and Translation. The conference opened new horizons for cross-cultural poetics that incorporate non-European philosophies of comparative criticism and literary interpretation, to address the inefficiency of Euro-American poetics and to cross the boundaries of the West-centric mode of thinking. The proceedings will be co-edited by the co-organisers and published in 2022 by the British Academy: Oxford University Press.
He is dedicated to engaging the public in dialogue about the role of literature in our society, particularly on critically analysing and interpreting religious texts in service of subduing extremism.
He has been invited to lecture publically twenty-six times in numerous universities and organisations, to speak on various features of Arabic and comparative poetics, in places as prestigious as The British Library, The British Museum, Alexandria Bibliotheca, The Egyptian Museum of Cairo, and the universities of Oxford, Cambridge, Leiden and Columbia.
Phone: 07727979810
Address: 17 Huntly Road
Edgbaston
Birmingham
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Papers by Hany Rashwan
I am thankful to the three coordinators of this feature, Anna Ziajka Stanton, Lara Harb, and Jeannie Miller, for inviting me to their workshop titled Arabic Theoretical Lexicon, which took place at Princeton University in June 2023. Additionally, I am grateful for the valuable feedback provided by the other contributors to this feature: Shaden Tageldin, Hoda El Shakry, Jeffrey Sacks, Alexander Key, and Christian Junge. Special thanks are also extended to Mohamed-Salah Omri and Suzanne Stetkevych, who generously offered constructive criticism on earlier drafts. I dedicate this article to Mahmoud Al-Batal, who helped me understand the qualities of a good teacher during my Andrew Mellon Fellowship at the American University of Beirut in 2017.
Al-Batal’s skilful teaching and kindness will forever be remembered.
Rashwan, H. (2024). Muqāranah: The Art of Comparison in Premodern Arabo-Islamic Poetics. PMLA, 139(1), 172-183. https://doi.org/10.1632/S0030812924000117
Rashwan, Hany. (2024). Hadith as Oral Literature through Early Islamic Literary Criticism. Studia Islamica, 119(1), 34-69. https://doi.org/10.1163/19585705-12341481
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10646175.2021.1879695?src=&journalCode=uhjc20
The paper offers literature review of the three suggested approaches that answer the question of ancient Egyptian meter. These theories reflect the constant contradictions between the dominant European Imperial languages of the 19 century (German - French - English). The paper also investigates the religious motivations that prompt Euro-American scholars to compare ancient Egyptian with Biblical texts. The rediscovered thematic affinities formed the main objective of these studies in order to restore historical hypothesizes that approve the legitimacy of several Biblical thoughts. Moving beyond the theoretical parameters of Eurocentric modernity, this paper argues that medieval Arabic literary criticism can be used as a foundation for understanding the literary nature of ancient Egyptian literary devices in order to recognize the various internal forces of the ancient Egyptian literary reproductions. Premodern Arabic poetics, represented in the theory of balāghah (literally ‘eloquence’ and roughly ‘poetics’), can offer the ideal path to take advantage of the linguistic affinities between the two languages in the realm of literary studies.
This work has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under ERC-2017-STG Grant Agreement No 759346 and is part of the “Global Literary Theory” project at the University of Birmingham.
Rashwan, Hany. “Against Eurocentrism: Decolonizing Eurocentric literary theory in the Ancient Egyptian and Arabic poetics,” in Howard Journal of Communications, especial issue on Theorizing Beyond the West, edited by Kehbuma Langmia, 32.2, (2021): 171-196.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2021.1879695
my critical mind survive away from the long-established Eurocentric methods in
Arabic and Egyptology: Ayman El-Desouky (Doha Institute for Graduate Studies).
I would like to thank the two ILS reviewers for their valuable and constructive criticism.
I wish also to express my sincere gratitude to my colleagues who generously
provided their insightful criticism on earlier drafts: Hratch Papazian (University
of Cambridge); Claus Jurman (University of Birmingham); Rune Nyord (Emory
University); Nuha Alshaar (American University of Sharjah); Steven Gregory
(University of Birmingham); Stephan Milich (University of Cologne); Fredrik Hagen
(University of Copenhagen); Edmund Meltzer (Pacifica Graduate Institute); and
Richard Bussmann (University of Cologne). All translations of Arabic and ancient
Egyptian texts are mine unless indicated otherwise. This work has received funding
from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under
ERC-2017-STG Grant Agreement No 759346 and is part of the “Global Literary
Theory” project at the University of Birmingham.
Many generations of Euro-American Egyptologists have investigated ancient Egyptian compositions from different perspectives by employing several Euro-American analytical methods. The whole discussion of literary and non-literary texts in the ancient Egyptian culture has been one-sided in so far as it has mostly concerned itself with applying theories extracted from modern Euro-American print culture. This article offers a literature review that exposes the pitfalls involved in any generalizations that would link ancient Egyptian literature with the interdependency of the print industry and the rise of the modern concept of literary genre. It seeks to expand scholarship regarding the question of literariness in the ancient Egyptian literary culture by examining the close relationship between pre-modern Arabic adab and its balāghah (meaning “eloquence” and roughly translated into “poetics”). It argues that the pre-modern Arabic literary theory of balāghah and its criticism have the resources to investigate ancient Egyptian literature from a number of closer perspectives other than a modern, unidimensional approach which takes the ancient Egyptian and Arabic texts as some kind of disembodied propositional truth.
Rashwan, Hany. “Literary genre as a theoretical colonisation by modernism: Arabic balāghah and its literariness in ancient Egyptian literature,” in Interdisciplinary Literary Studies: A Journal of Criticism and Theory, 2021, vol. 23, No 1: 24-68.
https://doi.org/10.5325/intelitestud.23.1.0024
Rashwan, Hany. “Comparing the Visual Untranslatability of Ancient Egyptian and Arabic Writing Systems” in Yannis Haralambous (ed.), Grapholinguistics in the 21st Century 2020. Proceedings Grapholinguistics and Its Applications, Vol. 4a, Brest: Fluxus Editions, (2020): 1095–1106.
https://doi.org/10.36824/2020-graf-rash
This study breaks new ground in the discipline of comparative literature by establishing a collation between the two praise hymns of Ramsess II (d. 1213 B.C.E.) and Senwosret III (d. 1839 B.C.E.). This collation makes it possible to rediscover the way each eulogist built unique or similar images to describe the praised king. The article discusses several problematic questions of loanwords to pave the way for further research on ancient Egyptian words that were incorporated inside the classical Arabic dictionary, and the analysis ends with an ancient Egyptian-Arabic lexicon of the hymn under study. It is hoped that this may encourage the new generation of Egyptian Egyptologists to generate a comprehensive dictionary of the ancient Egyptian language based on direct engagement with ancient Egyptian literary texts.
تُقدّم هذه المقالة ترجمة عربيّة مصحوبة بتعليق فيلولوجيّ ولغويّ لأنشودة مديح الملك رمسيس الثاني (ت 1213 ق.م). الأنشودة منقوشة مرّتين على واجهة معبد أبي سمبل بالنوبة احتفاءً بسموّ لغتها الأدبيّة. تبدأ المقالة بلمحة عن الدراسات السابقة للأنشودة ثمّ تتناول تركيز الدراسات الغربيّة للمديح الملكيّ في مصر القديمة على الجانب البروبجانديّ دون الجانب الأدبيّ للنصّ. وتقدّم نبذة عن الطبيعة البصريّة للكتابة الهيروغليفيّة حتّى تمهّد القارئ للتفاعل مع أساليب التلاعب البصريّ بالأنشودة، مع مناقشة موضوع الفاقد البلاغيّ قي أثناء الترجمة. وتحاول المقالة وضع أسس هادية للتفريق ما بين الفصاحة الشفاهيّة وعلاقتها بالمنطق والبلاغة المكتوبة المرتبطة بتحليل النصّ القرآنيّ، حتّى تفتح الباب لتطبيقات بلاغيّة أكثر عمقًا في الأدب المصريّ القديم. كما تعقد مقارنة بين مديح كلّ من رمسيس الثاني وسنوسرت الثالث (ت 1839 ق.م) بغرض التمهيد لأشكال جديدة لبلاغة الأدب المُقارن. وتحرص المقالة على تناول موضوع الكلمات الدخيلة في اللغة العربيّة للتمهيد لاستكشاف الكلمات الهيروغليفيّة في القاموس العربيّ بعيدًا عن التعصّب العرقيّ واللغويّ. وتنتهي المقالة بقاموس هيروغليفيّ-عربي للأنشودة، وذلك للاستفادة من هذه المفردات في أيّة محاولة معجميّة لاحقة، أو دراسة أدبيّة تتعمّق في تحليل مفردات النصّ.
أتقدّم بخالص الشكر لكلّ من بلال الأرفه لي ورمزي بعلبكي (الجامعة الأميركيّة في بيروت) لتحمّسهم لفكرة ترجمة النصوص الهيروغليفيّة إلى العربيّة مباشرة. كما أتقدّم بالشكر لشروق شحادة (جامعة حلوان) لمساعدتها القيّمة في كتابة القاموس الهيروغليفيّ وتفاعلها النقديّ مع النصّ. هذه المقالة مُهداه إلى أستاذتي فايزة هيكل (الجامعة الأمريكية في القاهرة) كعرفان منى لدورها في تشجيع الدراسات الادبية لمصر القديمة. ولا يفوتني تقديم عرفانيّ لمراجعي الدوريّة وللزملاء الذين راجعوا البحث في مراحل مختلفة من كتابته: أحمد عبد الحميد عمر (جامعة عين شمس)، ودونالد ريد (جامعة واشنطن)، وعاطف معتمد (جامعة القاهرة)، وعماد عبد اللطيف (جامعة قطر)، ولؤي سعيد (جامعة المنوفية).
This work has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under ERC-2017-STG Grant Agreement No 759346 and is part of the “Global Literary Theory” project at the University of Birmingham.
"النار العاتية التي ذاقت من وهج اللهيب" : قراءة بلاغيّة مُقارنة على مستوى الجملة والكلمة لأنشودة معبد أبي سمبل في مديح رمسيس الثاني، الأبحاث مجلة كلية الأداب والعلوم بالجامعة الأمريكية في بيروت، مجلد 68 (2020)، 106-181.
https://doi.org/10.1163/18115586-00680105
I dedicate this article to the one who first believed in me and gave me the confidence and the tools to develop my academic self away from the long-established Eurocentric methodologies: Stephen Quirke, UCL.
This article amplifies the call for a paradigm shift across a range of comparative disciplines relevant to non-European cultures, that decentralizes rhetorical concepts from European traditions in comprehending non-European literary and philosophical practices. Such a post-Eurocentric perspective is necessary to both generate a fair comparative module that centralizes the emic (culture-specific) features of a language and to avoid Eurocentric misrepresentation of the non-European culture under consideration. This paper challenges the common academic position that Eurocentric traditions are foundational to understanding ancient Egyptian and Arabic literary systems. The article also considers the graphic nature of the core hieroglyphic script in comparison with Arabic to refute the modern obsession that concentrates on the verbal layers of the scripts and neglects their visual literariness.
This work has also received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under ERC-2017-STG Grant Agreement No 759346 and is part of the “Global Literary Theory” project at the University of Birmingham.
Rashwan, Hany. “Arabic jinās is not pun, wortspiel, calembour or paronomasia: A post-Eurocentric comparative approach to the conceptual untranslatability of literary terms in Arabic and ancient Egyptian cultures,” in Rhetorica: A Journal of the History of Rhetoric, 2020, vol. 38 (4): 335–370.
https://doi.org/10.1525/rh.2020.38.4.335
The chapter suggests a new field of research that is termed comparative balāghah, which focuses on comparing the literary devices of two kindred languages. The theory of Arabic balāghah (roughly translated in poetics) focuses on studying the various forms of each literary device and its persuasion function in different textual contexts. The chapter also considers the graphic nature of the core hieroglyphic script, which provided ancient Egyptian writers with visual techniques that have become overlooked because of our modern alphabetical backgrounds.
I am indebted to Keith Lloyd for inviting me to participate in the volume and I wish to offer him my full gratitude for his efforts in promoting and encouraging post-Eurocentric studies of non-European cultures. All translations of both Arabic and ancient Egyptian examples are mine unless indicated otherwise. This work has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under ERC-2017-STG Grant Agreement No 759346 and is part of the “Global Literary Theory” project at the University of Birmingham.
Rashwan, Hany. “Comparative balāghah: Arabic and ancient Egyptian literary rhetoric through the lens of Post-Eurocentric Poetics,” in The Routledge Handbook of Comparative World Rhetorics: Studies in the History, Application, and Teaching of Rhetoric Beyond Traditional Greco-Roman Contexts, edited by Keith Lloyd, New York: Routledge, (2020): 389-403.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367809768
Rashwan, Hany. “‘Annihilation is atop the lake’: The Visual Untranslatability of an Ancient Egyptian Short Story,” in Matthew Reynolds, (ed.), Prismatic Translation, Transcript 10, Cambridge: Legenda, (2019): 72-95.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv16km05j.8
This article highlights the significance of considering the visual mediums of the ancient Egyptian (henceforth AE) writing system, in reading and translating AE literary texts. Despite their importance for understanding the internal mechanism of AE literary expressions, modern scholarship has not assimilated these visual mediums into its exploration. A possible theoretical framework for AE morphology structure may identify two input systems, one visual for visually presented materials that are more related to visual comprehension, and the other phonological for material presented using the auditory modality. The studied examples confirm that the AE writers had the opportunity to invite their receivers to take part in two experiential tasks (visual and phonological) to provoke two different behaviors, to get the right meaning intended by the resourceful writer.
Rashwan, Hany. “Ancient Egyptian Image-Writing: Between the Unspoken and Visual Poetics”, Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt, volume 55, (2019): 137-160.
https://doi.org/10.5913/jarce.55.2019.a009
The ancient Egyptian and the Greco-Roman cultures have two distinct perspectives for viewing language and its rhetorical system, as a result, differing in structuring their persuasive messages. The paper investigates the possibility of offering closer analytical readings of ancient Egyptian Argumentation methods, by shedding new insights into their persuasive aesthetic richness and confirms the persuasive structural integrity of the ancient Egyptian language.
KEYWORDS: ancient Egyptian Argumentation, Comparative Rhetoric, Eurocentric, Literary rhetoric, non-Western logic.
The project aims to explore the two rhetorical systems that exist alongside each other in every culture: the literary and the philosophical. Working towards a real understanding of persuasive language tools based on a literary/metaphorical/emotional system, and a parallel system based on logical argumentation. The research will work to shed light on how both systems were used together in creating religious texts, and how those texts effectively employed many poetic resources to affect judgments, hence attitudes and actions.
This proposal has received a generous fellowship Research scholarship from the ISHR, which I most appreciated: http://associationdatabase.com/aws/ISHR/pt/sp/fellowships
I will be happy to receive any comments that help to shape these ideas in better frame, or any useful references :)
Books by Hany Rashwan
English to Arabic translations by Hany Rashwan
"In 1300 BC, pharaonic Egypt created a new town on the windswept banks of the Nile in Northern Sudan: Amara West. Designed as a centre for the control of occupied Upper Nubia, the town flourished for 200 years. An interdisciplinary research project, led by the British Museum, has been working at the site since 2008. What was it like to live in Egyptian Nubia? What things did the inhabitants make and how did they interact with the spiritual world? How was food prepared and how healthy were the inhabitants? How did the town change over two centuries of occupation? What role did Nubian culture play in this apparently Egyptian town? Why was the town abandoned? This book offers a glimpse of the intricacies of everyday life under empire in Egyptian Nubia."
I am thankful to the three coordinators of this feature, Anna Ziajka Stanton, Lara Harb, and Jeannie Miller, for inviting me to their workshop titled Arabic Theoretical Lexicon, which took place at Princeton University in June 2023. Additionally, I am grateful for the valuable feedback provided by the other contributors to this feature: Shaden Tageldin, Hoda El Shakry, Jeffrey Sacks, Alexander Key, and Christian Junge. Special thanks are also extended to Mohamed-Salah Omri and Suzanne Stetkevych, who generously offered constructive criticism on earlier drafts. I dedicate this article to Mahmoud Al-Batal, who helped me understand the qualities of a good teacher during my Andrew Mellon Fellowship at the American University of Beirut in 2017.
Al-Batal’s skilful teaching and kindness will forever be remembered.
Rashwan, H. (2024). Muqāranah: The Art of Comparison in Premodern Arabo-Islamic Poetics. PMLA, 139(1), 172-183. https://doi.org/10.1632/S0030812924000117
Rashwan, Hany. (2024). Hadith as Oral Literature through Early Islamic Literary Criticism. Studia Islamica, 119(1), 34-69. https://doi.org/10.1163/19585705-12341481
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10646175.2021.1879695?src=&journalCode=uhjc20
The paper offers literature review of the three suggested approaches that answer the question of ancient Egyptian meter. These theories reflect the constant contradictions between the dominant European Imperial languages of the 19 century (German - French - English). The paper also investigates the religious motivations that prompt Euro-American scholars to compare ancient Egyptian with Biblical texts. The rediscovered thematic affinities formed the main objective of these studies in order to restore historical hypothesizes that approve the legitimacy of several Biblical thoughts. Moving beyond the theoretical parameters of Eurocentric modernity, this paper argues that medieval Arabic literary criticism can be used as a foundation for understanding the literary nature of ancient Egyptian literary devices in order to recognize the various internal forces of the ancient Egyptian literary reproductions. Premodern Arabic poetics, represented in the theory of balāghah (literally ‘eloquence’ and roughly ‘poetics’), can offer the ideal path to take advantage of the linguistic affinities between the two languages in the realm of literary studies.
This work has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under ERC-2017-STG Grant Agreement No 759346 and is part of the “Global Literary Theory” project at the University of Birmingham.
Rashwan, Hany. “Against Eurocentrism: Decolonizing Eurocentric literary theory in the Ancient Egyptian and Arabic poetics,” in Howard Journal of Communications, especial issue on Theorizing Beyond the West, edited by Kehbuma Langmia, 32.2, (2021): 171-196.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2021.1879695
my critical mind survive away from the long-established Eurocentric methods in
Arabic and Egyptology: Ayman El-Desouky (Doha Institute for Graduate Studies).
I would like to thank the two ILS reviewers for their valuable and constructive criticism.
I wish also to express my sincere gratitude to my colleagues who generously
provided their insightful criticism on earlier drafts: Hratch Papazian (University
of Cambridge); Claus Jurman (University of Birmingham); Rune Nyord (Emory
University); Nuha Alshaar (American University of Sharjah); Steven Gregory
(University of Birmingham); Stephan Milich (University of Cologne); Fredrik Hagen
(University of Copenhagen); Edmund Meltzer (Pacifica Graduate Institute); and
Richard Bussmann (University of Cologne). All translations of Arabic and ancient
Egyptian texts are mine unless indicated otherwise. This work has received funding
from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under
ERC-2017-STG Grant Agreement No 759346 and is part of the “Global Literary
Theory” project at the University of Birmingham.
Many generations of Euro-American Egyptologists have investigated ancient Egyptian compositions from different perspectives by employing several Euro-American analytical methods. The whole discussion of literary and non-literary texts in the ancient Egyptian culture has been one-sided in so far as it has mostly concerned itself with applying theories extracted from modern Euro-American print culture. This article offers a literature review that exposes the pitfalls involved in any generalizations that would link ancient Egyptian literature with the interdependency of the print industry and the rise of the modern concept of literary genre. It seeks to expand scholarship regarding the question of literariness in the ancient Egyptian literary culture by examining the close relationship between pre-modern Arabic adab and its balāghah (meaning “eloquence” and roughly translated into “poetics”). It argues that the pre-modern Arabic literary theory of balāghah and its criticism have the resources to investigate ancient Egyptian literature from a number of closer perspectives other than a modern, unidimensional approach which takes the ancient Egyptian and Arabic texts as some kind of disembodied propositional truth.
Rashwan, Hany. “Literary genre as a theoretical colonisation by modernism: Arabic balāghah and its literariness in ancient Egyptian literature,” in Interdisciplinary Literary Studies: A Journal of Criticism and Theory, 2021, vol. 23, No 1: 24-68.
https://doi.org/10.5325/intelitestud.23.1.0024
Rashwan, Hany. “Comparing the Visual Untranslatability of Ancient Egyptian and Arabic Writing Systems” in Yannis Haralambous (ed.), Grapholinguistics in the 21st Century 2020. Proceedings Grapholinguistics and Its Applications, Vol. 4a, Brest: Fluxus Editions, (2020): 1095–1106.
https://doi.org/10.36824/2020-graf-rash
This study breaks new ground in the discipline of comparative literature by establishing a collation between the two praise hymns of Ramsess II (d. 1213 B.C.E.) and Senwosret III (d. 1839 B.C.E.). This collation makes it possible to rediscover the way each eulogist built unique or similar images to describe the praised king. The article discusses several problematic questions of loanwords to pave the way for further research on ancient Egyptian words that were incorporated inside the classical Arabic dictionary, and the analysis ends with an ancient Egyptian-Arabic lexicon of the hymn under study. It is hoped that this may encourage the new generation of Egyptian Egyptologists to generate a comprehensive dictionary of the ancient Egyptian language based on direct engagement with ancient Egyptian literary texts.
تُقدّم هذه المقالة ترجمة عربيّة مصحوبة بتعليق فيلولوجيّ ولغويّ لأنشودة مديح الملك رمسيس الثاني (ت 1213 ق.م). الأنشودة منقوشة مرّتين على واجهة معبد أبي سمبل بالنوبة احتفاءً بسموّ لغتها الأدبيّة. تبدأ المقالة بلمحة عن الدراسات السابقة للأنشودة ثمّ تتناول تركيز الدراسات الغربيّة للمديح الملكيّ في مصر القديمة على الجانب البروبجانديّ دون الجانب الأدبيّ للنصّ. وتقدّم نبذة عن الطبيعة البصريّة للكتابة الهيروغليفيّة حتّى تمهّد القارئ للتفاعل مع أساليب التلاعب البصريّ بالأنشودة، مع مناقشة موضوع الفاقد البلاغيّ قي أثناء الترجمة. وتحاول المقالة وضع أسس هادية للتفريق ما بين الفصاحة الشفاهيّة وعلاقتها بالمنطق والبلاغة المكتوبة المرتبطة بتحليل النصّ القرآنيّ، حتّى تفتح الباب لتطبيقات بلاغيّة أكثر عمقًا في الأدب المصريّ القديم. كما تعقد مقارنة بين مديح كلّ من رمسيس الثاني وسنوسرت الثالث (ت 1839 ق.م) بغرض التمهيد لأشكال جديدة لبلاغة الأدب المُقارن. وتحرص المقالة على تناول موضوع الكلمات الدخيلة في اللغة العربيّة للتمهيد لاستكشاف الكلمات الهيروغليفيّة في القاموس العربيّ بعيدًا عن التعصّب العرقيّ واللغويّ. وتنتهي المقالة بقاموس هيروغليفيّ-عربي للأنشودة، وذلك للاستفادة من هذه المفردات في أيّة محاولة معجميّة لاحقة، أو دراسة أدبيّة تتعمّق في تحليل مفردات النصّ.
أتقدّم بخالص الشكر لكلّ من بلال الأرفه لي ورمزي بعلبكي (الجامعة الأميركيّة في بيروت) لتحمّسهم لفكرة ترجمة النصوص الهيروغليفيّة إلى العربيّة مباشرة. كما أتقدّم بالشكر لشروق شحادة (جامعة حلوان) لمساعدتها القيّمة في كتابة القاموس الهيروغليفيّ وتفاعلها النقديّ مع النصّ. هذه المقالة مُهداه إلى أستاذتي فايزة هيكل (الجامعة الأمريكية في القاهرة) كعرفان منى لدورها في تشجيع الدراسات الادبية لمصر القديمة. ولا يفوتني تقديم عرفانيّ لمراجعي الدوريّة وللزملاء الذين راجعوا البحث في مراحل مختلفة من كتابته: أحمد عبد الحميد عمر (جامعة عين شمس)، ودونالد ريد (جامعة واشنطن)، وعاطف معتمد (جامعة القاهرة)، وعماد عبد اللطيف (جامعة قطر)، ولؤي سعيد (جامعة المنوفية).
This work has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under ERC-2017-STG Grant Agreement No 759346 and is part of the “Global Literary Theory” project at the University of Birmingham.
"النار العاتية التي ذاقت من وهج اللهيب" : قراءة بلاغيّة مُقارنة على مستوى الجملة والكلمة لأنشودة معبد أبي سمبل في مديح رمسيس الثاني، الأبحاث مجلة كلية الأداب والعلوم بالجامعة الأمريكية في بيروت، مجلد 68 (2020)، 106-181.
https://doi.org/10.1163/18115586-00680105
I dedicate this article to the one who first believed in me and gave me the confidence and the tools to develop my academic self away from the long-established Eurocentric methodologies: Stephen Quirke, UCL.
This article amplifies the call for a paradigm shift across a range of comparative disciplines relevant to non-European cultures, that decentralizes rhetorical concepts from European traditions in comprehending non-European literary and philosophical practices. Such a post-Eurocentric perspective is necessary to both generate a fair comparative module that centralizes the emic (culture-specific) features of a language and to avoid Eurocentric misrepresentation of the non-European culture under consideration. This paper challenges the common academic position that Eurocentric traditions are foundational to understanding ancient Egyptian and Arabic literary systems. The article also considers the graphic nature of the core hieroglyphic script in comparison with Arabic to refute the modern obsession that concentrates on the verbal layers of the scripts and neglects their visual literariness.
This work has also received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under ERC-2017-STG Grant Agreement No 759346 and is part of the “Global Literary Theory” project at the University of Birmingham.
Rashwan, Hany. “Arabic jinās is not pun, wortspiel, calembour or paronomasia: A post-Eurocentric comparative approach to the conceptual untranslatability of literary terms in Arabic and ancient Egyptian cultures,” in Rhetorica: A Journal of the History of Rhetoric, 2020, vol. 38 (4): 335–370.
https://doi.org/10.1525/rh.2020.38.4.335
The chapter suggests a new field of research that is termed comparative balāghah, which focuses on comparing the literary devices of two kindred languages. The theory of Arabic balāghah (roughly translated in poetics) focuses on studying the various forms of each literary device and its persuasion function in different textual contexts. The chapter also considers the graphic nature of the core hieroglyphic script, which provided ancient Egyptian writers with visual techniques that have become overlooked because of our modern alphabetical backgrounds.
I am indebted to Keith Lloyd for inviting me to participate in the volume and I wish to offer him my full gratitude for his efforts in promoting and encouraging post-Eurocentric studies of non-European cultures. All translations of both Arabic and ancient Egyptian examples are mine unless indicated otherwise. This work has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under ERC-2017-STG Grant Agreement No 759346 and is part of the “Global Literary Theory” project at the University of Birmingham.
Rashwan, Hany. “Comparative balāghah: Arabic and ancient Egyptian literary rhetoric through the lens of Post-Eurocentric Poetics,” in The Routledge Handbook of Comparative World Rhetorics: Studies in the History, Application, and Teaching of Rhetoric Beyond Traditional Greco-Roman Contexts, edited by Keith Lloyd, New York: Routledge, (2020): 389-403.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367809768
Rashwan, Hany. “‘Annihilation is atop the lake’: The Visual Untranslatability of an Ancient Egyptian Short Story,” in Matthew Reynolds, (ed.), Prismatic Translation, Transcript 10, Cambridge: Legenda, (2019): 72-95.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv16km05j.8
This article highlights the significance of considering the visual mediums of the ancient Egyptian (henceforth AE) writing system, in reading and translating AE literary texts. Despite their importance for understanding the internal mechanism of AE literary expressions, modern scholarship has not assimilated these visual mediums into its exploration. A possible theoretical framework for AE morphology structure may identify two input systems, one visual for visually presented materials that are more related to visual comprehension, and the other phonological for material presented using the auditory modality. The studied examples confirm that the AE writers had the opportunity to invite their receivers to take part in two experiential tasks (visual and phonological) to provoke two different behaviors, to get the right meaning intended by the resourceful writer.
Rashwan, Hany. “Ancient Egyptian Image-Writing: Between the Unspoken and Visual Poetics”, Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt, volume 55, (2019): 137-160.
https://doi.org/10.5913/jarce.55.2019.a009
The ancient Egyptian and the Greco-Roman cultures have two distinct perspectives for viewing language and its rhetorical system, as a result, differing in structuring their persuasive messages. The paper investigates the possibility of offering closer analytical readings of ancient Egyptian Argumentation methods, by shedding new insights into their persuasive aesthetic richness and confirms the persuasive structural integrity of the ancient Egyptian language.
KEYWORDS: ancient Egyptian Argumentation, Comparative Rhetoric, Eurocentric, Literary rhetoric, non-Western logic.
The project aims to explore the two rhetorical systems that exist alongside each other in every culture: the literary and the philosophical. Working towards a real understanding of persuasive language tools based on a literary/metaphorical/emotional system, and a parallel system based on logical argumentation. The research will work to shed light on how both systems were used together in creating religious texts, and how those texts effectively employed many poetic resources to affect judgments, hence attitudes and actions.
This proposal has received a generous fellowship Research scholarship from the ISHR, which I most appreciated: http://associationdatabase.com/aws/ISHR/pt/sp/fellowships
I will be happy to receive any comments that help to shape these ideas in better frame, or any useful references :)
"In 1300 BC, pharaonic Egypt created a new town on the windswept banks of the Nile in Northern Sudan: Amara West. Designed as a centre for the control of occupied Upper Nubia, the town flourished for 200 years. An interdisciplinary research project, led by the British Museum, has been working at the site since 2008. What was it like to live in Egyptian Nubia? What things did the inhabitants make and how did they interact with the spiritual world? How was food prepared and how healthy were the inhabitants? How did the town change over two centuries of occupation? What role did Nubian culture play in this apparently Egyptian town? Why was the town abandoned? This book offers a glimpse of the intricacies of everyday life under empire in Egyptian Nubia."
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With special thanks to the conference team: Rachel Barnas (University of California, Berkeley), Beatrice De Faveri (University of California, Berkeley), Walid Elsayed (Sohag University), Maysa Kassem (Fayum University), Jason Silvestri (University of California, Berkeley).
The conference will be live-streamed on Thursday18, Friday 19 and Saturday 20, November 2021
The premodern Islamic world was multilingual and multicultural, and by necessity was continually engaged in comparative critical practices. Mapping the interconnected trajectories of these practices, everywhere they arose between Urdu, Persian, Turkish, Arabic, and other language traditions of Asia and Africa, is the aim of this conference. We invite scholars to employ methodologies based on direct engagement with primary sources that negotiate the multilingual Islamic world(s) in ways that are overlooked or misunderstood by Comparative Literature.
Midlands universities have witnessed an explosion of interest in topics related to Islam, particularly in the humanities and the social sciences in recent years. Nonetheless, the study of Islam and of Islamic studies continues to be conceived more narrowly than the subject merits. ILIH proposes to bring together scholars working on Islam from legal, literary, and philosophical perspectives, in order to strengthen existing research at our respective universities and to forge new, more ambitious, and more collaborative agendas than we are able to do when we restrict ourselves to our primary disciplines. Beyond its specific interest in Islam and the Islamic world, ILIH pursues the intersections of the social sciences and the humanities in the broadest possible terms. Our approaches will stimulate each other to think across disciplines, methodologies, and cultures, as we explore the changing status of law within Iran, Central and South Asia, and the Arab world. Over the courses of a series of networks and informal exchanges during the duration of the initiative and beyond, we will contemplate how the Islamic humanities can contribute to reshaping humanistic research through deeper engagement with core concepts within Islamic law. Equally, we will consider how contemporary legal studies (of the Islamic world and beyond) can benefit from more socially contextualized and historical accounts of legal culture in its everyday iterations. While making substantial inroads in terms of bringing together scholars of Islamic across the Midlands, ILIH also hopes to demonstrate the generative potential of forging new links across the social sciences and humanities and thereby of addressing blind spots within these respective disciplines.
In this colloquium, Dr Hany Rashwan will discuss his article entitled Arabic Jinās is not Pun, Wortspiel, Calembour, or Paronomasia: A Post-Eurocentric Approach to the Conceptual Untranslatability of Literary Terms in Arabic and Ancient Egyptian Cultures. He argues that literary and philosophical terms cannot be considered universal because they are not similar to the terms used in applied sciences, such as chemistry or mathematics, where each term means the same in every country and context. Each language creates its own literary terms that conceptually and culturally express its own literary culture. Non-European literary terms should be foreignized rather than domesticated.
Moving beyond the theoretical parameters of Eurocentric modernity, this paper argues that medieval Arabic literary criticism can be used as a foundation for understanding the literary nature of AE literary devices in order to recognize the various internal forces of the AE literary reproductions. Arabic poetics, represented in the premodern theory of balāghah, can offer an ideal path to take advantage of the linguistic affinities between the two languages in the realm of literary studies.
While some textual instances seem to point to a biological cosmogonical performance (e.g., Copenhagen AEIN 655, 8), others might favour a manual/crafted rendering instead, namely when msj is attested within a phraseological context where semantically related lexemes, such as nbj and ḳd, are also present (e.g., BM EA826, 3; Copenhagen AEIN 897, 1-2). Furthermore, the absence of B3 in specific concurrent writings of msj and wtṯ - graphed with a phallic-sign (D52/D53) - might be understood as a visual/pictorial strategy to undermine a possible non- binary understanding of the Creator deity. A striking example is observed in BM EA 552, where the term is rendered with B3 when individually written but lacks the sign when attested together with wtṯ.
In this paper, I intend to focus on the sign B3 in msj-writings in this corpus and suggest possible interpretations for its absence/presence in selected sources. I shall thus ponder on the semantic implications raised by a visual aspect, more precisely, the (un)importance of a specific sign (classifier/determinative) when interpreting a given word. Particular attention will be paid to topics such as materiality, space availability, script, aesthetic preferences and scribal agency. Therefore, I will argue for a more nuanced and context-based understanding of msj that attends not only to phraseology and intra-textuality, but also to (ortho)graphic features.