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Chaomei Chen

Drexel University, College of Computing & Informatics, Faculty Member

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William R Hazlewood

Indiana University

Open University of the Netherlands

Indiana University

Indiana University

Drexel University

HEAD-Geneva (Geneva University of Art and Design)

Tiziana Catarci

Università degli Studi "La Sapienza" di Roma

Kent State University

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Books by Chaomei Chen

Turning Points: The Nature of Creativity

Information Visualization: Beyond the Horizon

Mapping Scientific Frontiers

Papers by Chaomei Chen

From Spatial Proximity to Semantic Coherence: A Quantitative Approach to the Study of Group Dynamics in Collaborative Virtual Environments

Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 2005

This article describes a quantitative approach to the study of group dynamics in Collaborative In... more

Visual Analysis of Scientific Discoveries and Knowledge Diffusion

We introduce a new visual analytic approach to the study of scientific discoveries and knowledge ... more We introduce a new visual analytic approach to the study of scientific discoveries and knowledge diffusion. Our approach enhances contemporary co-citation network analysis by enabling analysts to identify co-citation clusters of cited references intuitively, synthesize thematic contexts in which these clusters are cited, and trace how research focus evolves over time. The new approach integrates and streamlines a few previously isolated techniques such as spectral clustering and feature selection algorithms. The integrative procedure is expected to empower and strengthen analytical and sense making capabilities of scientists, learners, and researchers to understand the dynamics of the evolution of scientific domains in a wide range of scientific fields, science studies, and science policy evaluation and planning. We demonstrate the potential of our approach through a visual analysis of the evolution of astronomical research associated with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) using bibliographic data between 1994 and 2008. Implications on methodological issues are also addressed.

Measuring the quality of network visualization

A quantitative method is developed for measuring the quality of network visualizations in terms o... more

Evolution of Geographic Information Systems research front using information visualizing network

This paper studies the development of GIS from a new point of view, which both from the accumulat... more This paper studies the development of GIS from a new point of view, which both from the accumulation of GIS scientific articles and the evolution process of GIS using co-citation analysis. After 10 years' slow development from 1977, the number of GIS scientific literature began to increase rapidly since the early 1990s. By using the newly developed information visualization technology, the authors make Author Co-citation Analysis (ACA) and Document Co-citation Analysis (DCA) for 12,417 GIS scientific articles indexed in SCI-Expanded, SSCI, A&HCI. The result reveals the evolution process of GIS from intellectual base to several application fronts: hydrology, land use planning, landslide hazard, landscape ecology, when these applications in engineering areas also accelerate development of GIS. The pivotal authors and literature in the evolution process of GIS from intellectual base to applied fronts are also detected by the visualization of ACA and DCA of GIS scientific literature.

Visualizing the Intellectual Structure with Paper-Reference Matrices

IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 2009

Social photos, which are taken during family events or parties, represent individuals or groups o... more Social photos, which are taken during family events or parties, represent individuals or groups of people. We show in this paper how a Hasse diagram is an efficient visualization strategy for eliciting different groups and navigating through them. However, we do not limit this strategy to these traditional uses. Instead we show how it can also be used for assisting in indexing new photos.

Understanding collaborative authority in shared workspace

Tech Mining: Exploiting New Technologies for Competitive Advantage

Information Processing and Management, 2005

AI and Global Science and Technology Assessment

IEEE Expert / IEEE Intelligent Systems, 2009

Addressing the research opportunities we've identified could substantially broaden the spectrum o... more Addressing the research opportunities we've identified could substantially broaden the spectrum of multilingual text-mining and its practicality for supporting global S&T knowledge management. These opportunities also share a common set of challenges that deserve further attention. For example, competitive intelligence surveillance, which allows organizations to understand their current and potential competitors better, often requires the extraction of names of different organizations, technologies, or products from various S&T documents. When dealing with multilingual documents, adequate cross-lingual entity-resolution mechanisms are essential for effective global S&T analysis. Furthermore, some S&T documents are scientific or technologically oriented, whereas others have a predominantly business orientation. This increases the chance of different documents using different terms inreferring to identical or similar concepts. Establishing cross-domain interoperability is essential, especially in multilingual environments.

Studying scientific collaboration. Part 1: Methodology for investigating collaboration. Part 2: Research papers - collaboration in action

Proceedings of The Asist Annual Meeting, 2004

EDITORIAL Information visualization

Visual Interfaces to Digital Libraries [JCDL 2002 Workshop]

Human factors in virtual environments

Virtual Reality, 1998

virtual environments human factors, user interfaces, computer graphics, head-mounted displays Thi... more virtual environments human factors, user interfaces, computer graphics, head-mounted displays This is the final report detailing the research conducted during a three-year project funded by the HP Laboratories External Research Program (1997)(1998)(1999)(2000) in collaboration with the Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, UK. The project's initial goals were centred on the investigation of human factors issues related to interacting with distributed computer graphics worlds in real-time over a network. These objectives were extended and focused on fidelity metrics for computer graphics simulations displayed on Head Mounted Displays. Theories from cognitive psychology were employed to devise these metrics which were, subsequently, validated by formally designed experiments involving human judgements of spatial memory awareness states.

Semantically Modified Diffusion Limited Aggregation for Visualizing Large-Scale Networks

Computer models can simulate the fast aggregation of millions of particles. In this paper, we pro... more Computer models can simulate the fast aggregation of millions of particles. In this paper, we propose a modified version of DLA, called semantically modified DLA (SM-DLA), for visualizing large-scale networks. SM-DLA introduces similarity measures between particles so that instead of attaching to the nearest particle in the aggregation, a new particle is stochastically directed to attach to particles that are similar to it. The results of our initial experiment with a co-citation network using SM-DLA are encouraging, suggesting that the algorithm has the potential as an alternative paradigm for visualizing large-scale networks. Further studies in this direction are recommended.

A STUDY OF NAVIGATION STRATEGIES IN SPATIAL-SEMANTIC VISUALISATIONS

Visualisations of abstract data are believed to assist the searcher by providing an overview of t... more Visualisations of abstract data are believed to assist the searcher by providing an overview of the semantic structure of a document collection whereby semantically similar items tend to cluster in space. found that similarity data represented using minimum spanning tree (MST) graphs provided greater levels of support to users when conducting a range of information seeking tasks, in comparison to simple scatter graphs. MST graphs emphasise the most salient relationships between nodes by means of connecting links. This paper is based on the premise that it is the provision of these links that facilitated search performance. Using a combination of visual observations and existing theory, hypotheses predicting navigational strategies afforded by the MST link structure are presented and tested. The utility, in terms of navigational efficiency and retrieval success, of these and other observed strategies is then examined.

Visualizing Scientific Disciplines on the Web

Holistic sense-making: conflicting opinions, creative ideas, and collective intelligence

Library Hi Tech, 2007

Purpose -The purpose of this work is to introduce a generic conceptual and methodological framewo... more Purpose -The purpose of this work is to introduce a generic conceptual and methodological framework for the study of emergent social and intellectual patterns and trends in a diverse range of sense making and decision making activities. Design/methodology/approach -The development of the framework is driven by three motivating challenges: capturing the collective intelligence of science, fostering scientific discoveries in science and e-science, and facilitating Evidence-Based Librarianship (EBL). The framework is built on concepts such as structural holes and intellectual turning points, methodologies and techniques for progressive knowledge domain visualization and differentiation of conflicting opinions, and information integration models to achieve coherent transitions between different conceptual scales. Findings -Structural holes and turning points are detected and validated with the domain of terrorism research as an example. Conflicting opinions are differentiated in the form of a decision tree of phrases with the greatest information gains. Fundamental issues concerning the reliability of common assumptions across multiple levels of granularity are identified. Knowledge diffusion is studied in terms of information integration between a geographic space and an intellectual space. Research limitations/implications -This study characterizes a holistic sense making approach with three exemplar themes. Future research is needed to develop theoretical foundations and corresponding techniques to sustain additional themes. Practical implications -The work contributes to the practice of improving our understanding of the collective intelligence in science. Originality/value -The value of the work is the conceptual and methodological contributions to address various phenomena across microscopic and macroscopic levels.

Detecting and Mapping Thematic Changes in Transient Networks

Research fronts are the forefront of a scientific field timely identifying emerging trends and ab... more Research fronts are the forefront of a scientific field timely identifying emerging trends and abrupt changes in scientific literature is not only beneficial for users of digital libraries, but also instrumental for users to trace the movement of a research front. A research front can be seen as a dynamic and transient mapping from the state of the art to its immediate prior art - the intellectual base. Citation and co-citation analysis primarily focuses on the structure and dynamics of the intellectual base, information retrieval and related research mainly focuses on intrinsic properties of text documents. In this article, we describe a novel approach that enables us to detect and visualize the transient relationship over time. Temporal associations between content words connected to a surge of interest in scientific papers and high-impact articles in the intellectual base are identified and visualized as a time-variant network. We apply the approach to the detection of thematic changes over time in information visualization and research in terrorism.

Turning Points: The Nature of Creativity

Information Visualization: Beyond the Horizon

Mapping Scientific Frontiers

From Spatial Proximity to Semantic Coherence: A Quantitative Approach to the Study of Group Dynamics in Collaborative Virtual Environments

Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 2005

This article describes a quantitative approach to the study of group dynamics in Collaborative In... more

Visual Analysis of Scientific Discoveries and Knowledge Diffusion

We introduce a new visual analytic approach to the study of scientific discoveries and knowledge ... more We introduce a new visual analytic approach to the study of scientific discoveries and knowledge diffusion. Our approach enhances contemporary co-citation network analysis by enabling analysts to identify co-citation clusters of cited references intuitively, synthesize thematic contexts in which these clusters are cited, and trace how research focus evolves over time. The new approach integrates and streamlines a few previously isolated techniques such as spectral clustering and feature selection algorithms. The integrative procedure is expected to empower and strengthen analytical and sense making capabilities of scientists, learners, and researchers to understand the dynamics of the evolution of scientific domains in a wide range of scientific fields, science studies, and science policy evaluation and planning. We demonstrate the potential of our approach through a visual analysis of the evolution of astronomical research associated with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) using bibliographic data between 1994 and 2008. Implications on methodological issues are also addressed.

Measuring the quality of network visualization

A quantitative method is developed for measuring the quality of network visualizations in terms o... more

Evolution of Geographic Information Systems research front using information visualizing network

This paper studies the development of GIS from a new point of view, which both from the accumulat... more This paper studies the development of GIS from a new point of view, which both from the accumulation of GIS scientific articles and the evolution process of GIS using co-citation analysis. After 10 years' slow development from 1977, the number of GIS scientific literature began to increase rapidly since the early 1990s. By using the newly developed information visualization technology, the authors make Author Co-citation Analysis (ACA) and Document Co-citation Analysis (DCA) for 12,417 GIS scientific articles indexed in SCI-Expanded, SSCI, A&HCI. The result reveals the evolution process of GIS from intellectual base to several application fronts: hydrology, land use planning, landslide hazard, landscape ecology, when these applications in engineering areas also accelerate development of GIS. The pivotal authors and literature in the evolution process of GIS from intellectual base to applied fronts are also detected by the visualization of ACA and DCA of GIS scientific literature.

Visualizing the Intellectual Structure with Paper-Reference Matrices

IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 2009

Social photos, which are taken during family events or parties, represent individuals or groups o... more Social photos, which are taken during family events or parties, represent individuals or groups of people. We show in this paper how a Hasse diagram is an efficient visualization strategy for eliciting different groups and navigating through them. However, we do not limit this strategy to these traditional uses. Instead we show how it can also be used for assisting in indexing new photos.

Understanding collaborative authority in shared workspace

Tech Mining: Exploiting New Technologies for Competitive Advantage

Information Processing and Management, 2005

AI and Global Science and Technology Assessment

IEEE Expert / IEEE Intelligent Systems, 2009

Addressing the research opportunities we've identified could substantially broaden the spectrum o... more Addressing the research opportunities we've identified could substantially broaden the spectrum of multilingual text-mining and its practicality for supporting global S&T knowledge management. These opportunities also share a common set of challenges that deserve further attention. For example, competitive intelligence surveillance, which allows organizations to understand their current and potential competitors better, often requires the extraction of names of different organizations, technologies, or products from various S&T documents. When dealing with multilingual documents, adequate cross-lingual entity-resolution mechanisms are essential for effective global S&T analysis. Furthermore, some S&T documents are scientific or technologically oriented, whereas others have a predominantly business orientation. This increases the chance of different documents using different terms inreferring to identical or similar concepts. Establishing cross-domain interoperability is essential, especially in multilingual environments.

Studying scientific collaboration. Part 1: Methodology for investigating collaboration. Part 2: Research papers - collaboration in action

Proceedings of The Asist Annual Meeting, 2004

EDITORIAL Information visualization

Visual Interfaces to Digital Libraries [JCDL 2002 Workshop]

Human factors in virtual environments

Virtual Reality, 1998

virtual environments human factors, user interfaces, computer graphics, head-mounted displays Thi... more virtual environments human factors, user interfaces, computer graphics, head-mounted displays This is the final report detailing the research conducted during a three-year project funded by the HP Laboratories External Research Program (1997)(1998)(1999)(2000) in collaboration with the Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, UK. The project's initial goals were centred on the investigation of human factors issues related to interacting with distributed computer graphics worlds in real-time over a network. These objectives were extended and focused on fidelity metrics for computer graphics simulations displayed on Head Mounted Displays. Theories from cognitive psychology were employed to devise these metrics which were, subsequently, validated by formally designed experiments involving human judgements of spatial memory awareness states.

Semantically Modified Diffusion Limited Aggregation for Visualizing Large-Scale Networks

Computer models can simulate the fast aggregation of millions of particles. In this paper, we pro... more Computer models can simulate the fast aggregation of millions of particles. In this paper, we propose a modified version of DLA, called semantically modified DLA (SM-DLA), for visualizing large-scale networks. SM-DLA introduces similarity measures between particles so that instead of attaching to the nearest particle in the aggregation, a new particle is stochastically directed to attach to particles that are similar to it. The results of our initial experiment with a co-citation network using SM-DLA are encouraging, suggesting that the algorithm has the potential as an alternative paradigm for visualizing large-scale networks. Further studies in this direction are recommended.

A STUDY OF NAVIGATION STRATEGIES IN SPATIAL-SEMANTIC VISUALISATIONS

Visualisations of abstract data are believed to assist the searcher by providing an overview of t... more Visualisations of abstract data are believed to assist the searcher by providing an overview of the semantic structure of a document collection whereby semantically similar items tend to cluster in space. found that similarity data represented using minimum spanning tree (MST) graphs provided greater levels of support to users when conducting a range of information seeking tasks, in comparison to simple scatter graphs. MST graphs emphasise the most salient relationships between nodes by means of connecting links. This paper is based on the premise that it is the provision of these links that facilitated search performance. Using a combination of visual observations and existing theory, hypotheses predicting navigational strategies afforded by the MST link structure are presented and tested. The utility, in terms of navigational efficiency and retrieval success, of these and other observed strategies is then examined.

Visualizing Scientific Disciplines on the Web

Holistic sense-making: conflicting opinions, creative ideas, and collective intelligence

Library Hi Tech, 2007

Purpose -The purpose of this work is to introduce a generic conceptual and methodological framewo... more Purpose -The purpose of this work is to introduce a generic conceptual and methodological framework for the study of emergent social and intellectual patterns and trends in a diverse range of sense making and decision making activities. Design/methodology/approach -The development of the framework is driven by three motivating challenges: capturing the collective intelligence of science, fostering scientific discoveries in science and e-science, and facilitating Evidence-Based Librarianship (EBL). The framework is built on concepts such as structural holes and intellectual turning points, methodologies and techniques for progressive knowledge domain visualization and differentiation of conflicting opinions, and information integration models to achieve coherent transitions between different conceptual scales. Findings -Structural holes and turning points are detected and validated with the domain of terrorism research as an example. Conflicting opinions are differentiated in the form of a decision tree of phrases with the greatest information gains. Fundamental issues concerning the reliability of common assumptions across multiple levels of granularity are identified. Knowledge diffusion is studied in terms of information integration between a geographic space and an intellectual space. Research limitations/implications -This study characterizes a holistic sense making approach with three exemplar themes. Future research is needed to develop theoretical foundations and corresponding techniques to sustain additional themes. Practical implications -The work contributes to the practice of improving our understanding of the collective intelligence in science. Originality/value -The value of the work is the conceptual and methodological contributions to address various phenomena across microscopic and macroscopic levels.

Detecting and Mapping Thematic Changes in Transient Networks

Research fronts are the forefront of a scientific field timely identifying emerging trends and ab... more Research fronts are the forefront of a scientific field timely identifying emerging trends and abrupt changes in scientific literature is not only beneficial for users of digital libraries, but also instrumental for users to trace the movement of a research front. A research front can be seen as a dynamic and transient mapping from the state of the art to its immediate prior art - the intellectual base. Citation and co-citation analysis primarily focuses on the structure and dynamics of the intellectual base, information retrieval and related research mainly focuses on intrinsic properties of text documents. In this article, we describe a novel approach that enables us to detect and visualize the transient relationship over time. Temporal associations between content words connected to a surge of interest in scientific papers and high-impact articles in the intellectual base are identified and visualized as a time-variant network. We apply the approach to the detection of thematic changes over time in information visualization and research in terrorism.

Information Visualization Research: Citation and Co-Citation Highlights

An overview of the entry is given. The techniques used to prepare the InfoVis contest entry are o... more

Understanding the Evolution of NSAID: A Knowledge Domain Visualization Approach to Evidence-Based Medicine

Finding the most rigorous, updated, and well received clinical evidence is a crucial and challeng... more Finding the most rigorous, updated, and well received clinical evidence is a crucial and challenging task in the practice of Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM). In this article, we describe a knowledge domain visualization-based quantitative approach that is designed to support the task of searching for highquality clinical evidence in the medical literature. We illustrate the use of this new approach with the knowledge domain of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs). A sample of the literature is visualized in a base map depicting structural and temporal properties of emerging themes and references made by such themes over time. In addition, the visualization highlights the rigorousness of a published clinical trial in terms of the type of study design retrieved dynamically from PubMed. The contribution of this approach is that it offers users an integrated search environment so that the rigorousness, recentness, and consensus of clinical evidence can be assessed with the support of visual exploration facilities.

Visualizing an enterprise social network from email