{"id":998147,"date":"2024-12-27T09:30:16","date_gmt":"2024-12-27T01:30:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/998147.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T09:30:18","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T01:30:18","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8python%e6%8a%93%e5%8f%96%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/998147.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528python\u6293\u53d6\u6570\u636e"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528python\u6293\u53d6\u6570\u636e\"<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Python\u6293\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6b65\u9aa4 <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528Python\u6293\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6b65\u9aa4\u5305\u62ec\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u89e3\u6790\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u3001\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u6570\u636e\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u6293\u53d6\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u6216\u5e93\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982BeautifulSoup\u3001Scrapy\u6216Requests\u5e93\u3002\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u89e3\u6790\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u4ee5\u63d0\u53d6\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ecHTML\u6587\u6863\u3001JSON\u6570\u636e\u7b49\u3002\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u50a8\u5728CSV\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e93\u6765\u6293\u53d6\u548c\u89e3\u6790\u6570\u636e\u662f\u6210\u529f\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u6293\u53d6\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u662f\u6293\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff0cPython\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u5e93\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5e93\u5305\u62ecRequests\u3001BeautifulSoup\u548cScrapy\u3002Requests\u5e93\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\uff0cBeautifulSoup\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u6790\u548c\u5904\u7406HTML\u6216XML\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u800cScrapy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6293\u53d6\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6293\u53d6\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6293\u53d6\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u548c\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5de5\u5177<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Requests\u5e93<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Requests\u5e93\u662fPython\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\u7684HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e93\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528Requests\u5e93\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u7684HTML\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7ed3\u5408BeautifulSoup\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u89e3\u6790\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002Requests\u5e93\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u6027\u4f7f\u5176\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u6216\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6293\u53d6\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u9875\u7684HTML\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    import requests<\/p>\n
    url = 'https:\/\/example.com'<\/p>\n
    response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
    html_content = response.text<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. BeautifulSoup\u5e93<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      BeautifulSoup\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u6790HTML\u548cXML\u6587\u6863\u7684\u5e93\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u7684API\u6765\u641c\u7d22\u548c\u63d0\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002BeautifulSoup\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u5904\u7406\u7b80\u5355\u7684HTML\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u4e0eRequests\u5e93\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u89e3\u6790\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      from bs4 import BeautifulSoup<\/p>\n
      soup = BeautifulSoup(html_content, 'html.parser')<\/p>\n
      title = soup.title.string<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. Scrapy\u6846\u67b6<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        Scrapy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684Python\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u7f51\u9875\u6293\u53d6\u548c\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002Scrapy\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6293\u53d6\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5982\u6293\u53d6\u591a\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u3001\u5904\u7406JavaScript\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u7b49\u3002Scrapy\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ba1\u9053\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u5c06\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982JSON\u3001CSV\u6216\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        Scrapy\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u4e49\u722c\u866b\u7c7b\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6293\u53d6\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7ba1\u9053\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684Scrapy\u722c\u866b\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        import scrapy<\/p>\n
        class ExampleSpider(scrapy.Spider):<\/p>\n
            name = 'example'<\/p>\n
            start_urls = ['https:\/\/example.com']<\/p>\n
            def parse(self, response):<\/p>\n
                title = response.css('title::text').get()<\/p>\n
                yield {'title': title}<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
        \u4e09\u3001\u89e3\u6790\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. HTML\u89e3\u6790<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \u5728\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u7684HTML\u5185\u5bb9\u540e\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u5c31\u662f\u89e3\u6790\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u4ee5\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002HTML\u89e3\u6790\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u3001lxml\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u5e93\u3002\u89e3\u6790\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3HTML\u6587\u6863\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u9009\u62e9\u5668\u6216XPath\u8bed\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9a\u4f4d\u548c\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u89e3\u6790HTML\u6587\u6863\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          from bs4 import BeautifulSoup<\/p>\n
          soup = BeautifulSoup(html_content, 'html.parser')<\/p>\n
          headings = soup.find_all('h1')<\/p>\n
          for heading in headings:<\/p>\n
              print(heading.text)<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \n
          1. JSON\u89e3\u6790<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            \u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7f51\u9875\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd4\u56deJSON\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u4f7f\u7528API\u63a5\u53e3\u65f6\u3002Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5185\u7f6e\u7684json\u5e93\u6765\u89e3\u6790JSON\u6570\u636e\u3002\u89e3\u6790JSON\u6570\u636e\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4HTML\u89e3\u6790\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aJSON\u6570\u636e\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \u89e3\u6790JSON\u6570\u636e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            import json<\/p>\n
            json_data = '{"name": "John", "age": 30}'<\/p>\n
            data = json.loads(json_data)<\/p>\n
            print(data['name'])<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \u56db\u3001\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              \n
            1. \u4f7f\u7528\u9009\u62e9\u5668\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
              \u5728\u89e3\u6790HTML\u6587\u6863\u65f6\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5668\u662f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u548c\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u662fCSS\u9009\u62e9\u5668\u3001XPath\u9009\u62e9\u5668\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u5668\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u5668\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u7cbe\u786e\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f51\u9875\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              \u4f7f\u7528CSS\u9009\u62e9\u5668\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              title = soup.select_one('title').text<\/p>\n
              paragraphs = soup.select('p')<\/p>\n
              for paragraph in paragraphs:<\/p>\n
                  print(paragraph.text)<\/p>\n
              <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                \n
              1. \u4f7f\u7528XPath\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                XPath\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4f4dXML\u548cHTML\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u9009\u62e9\u7f51\u9875\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002Scrapy\u548clxml\u5e93\u90fd\u652f\u6301\u4f7f\u7528XPath\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                \u4f7f\u7528XPath\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                title = response.xpath('\/\/title\/text()').get()<\/p>\n
                paragraphs = response.xpath('\/\/p')<\/p>\n
                for paragraph in paragraphs:<\/p>\n
                    print(paragraph.xpath('text()').get())<\/p>\n
                <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                \u4e94\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                  \n
                1. \u5b58\u50a8\u5230CSV\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                  \u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dCSV\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u3002Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86csv\u5e93\u6765\u7b80\u5316CSV\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                  \u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5230CSV\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                  import csv<\/p>\n
                  data = [{'name': 'John', 'age': 30}, {'name': 'Jane', 'age': 25}]<\/p>\n
                  with open('data.csv', 'w', newline='') as csvfile:<\/p>\n
                      fieldnames = ['name', 'age']<\/p>\n
                      writer = csv.DictWriter(csvfile, fieldnames=fieldnames)<\/p>\n
                      writer.writeheader()<\/p>\n
                      for item in data:<\/p>\n
                          writer.writerow(item)<\/p>\n
                  <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                    \n
                  1. \u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5b58\u50a8\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u6216\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u590d\u6742\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u3002Python\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5305\u62ecSQLite\u3001MySQL\u3001PostgreSQL\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                    \u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5230SQLite\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                    import sqlite3<\/p>\n
                    conn = sqlite3.connect('data.db')<\/p>\n
                    c = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
                    c.execute('''CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (name text, age integer)''')<\/p>\n
                    data = [('John', 30), ('Jane', 25)]<\/p>\n
                    c.executemany('INSERT INTO users VALUES (?,?)', data)<\/p>\n
                    conn.commit()<\/p>\n
                    conn.close()<\/p>\n
                    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                    \u516d\u3001\u5904\u7406\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u9875<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                      \n
                    1. \u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u5904\u7406\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                      \u6709\u4e9b\u7f51\u9875\u4f7f\u7528JavaScript\u52a8\u6001\u751f\u6210\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u5728\u521d\u59cbHTML\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u3002Selenium\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u6293\u53d6\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                      \u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u6293\u53d6\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                      from selenium import webdriver<\/p>\n
                      driver = webdriver.Chrome()<\/p>\n
                      driver.get('https:\/\/example.com')<\/p>\n
                      content = driver.page_source<\/p>\n
                      driver.quit()<\/p>\n
                      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                        \n
                      1. \u4f7f\u7528Scrapy-Splash\u5904\u7406\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                        Scrapy-Splash\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aScrapy\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u5904\u7406JavaScript\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002Splash\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684JavaScript\u6e32\u67d3\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0eScrapy\u96c6\u6210\u4ee5\u6293\u53d6\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                        \u4f7f\u7528Scrapy-Splash\u6293\u53d6\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                        import scrapy<\/p>\n
                        from scrapy_splash import SplashRequest<\/p>\n
                        class ExampleSpider(scrapy.Spider):<\/p>\n
                            name = 'example'<\/p>\n
                            start_urls = ['https:\/\/example.com']<\/p>\n
                            def start_requests(self):<\/p>\n
                                for url in self.start_urls:<\/p>\n
                                    yield SplashRequest(url, self.parse)<\/p>\n
                            def parse(self, response):<\/p>\n
                                title = response.css('title::text').get()<\/p>\n
                                yield {'title': title}<\/p>\n
                        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                        \u4e03\u3001\u5904\u7406\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u63aa\u65bd<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                          \n
                        1. \u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406\u548c\u7528\u6237\u4ee3\u7406<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                          \u8bb8\u591a\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u722c\u866b\uff0c\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5982\u9650\u5236\u8bf7\u6c42\u9891\u7387\u3001\u68c0\u6d4b\u7528\u6237\u4ee3\u7406\u7b49\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406\u548c\u4f2a\u88c5\u7528\u6237\u4ee3\u7406\u662f\u7ed5\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9650\u5236\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                          \u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406\u548c\u7528\u6237\u4ee3\u7406\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                          proxies = {<\/p>\n
                              'http': 'http:\/\/10.10.10.10:8000',<\/p>\n
                              'https': 'https:\/\/10.10.10.10:8000',<\/p>\n
                          }<\/p>\n
                          headers = {<\/p>\n
                              'User-Agent': 'Mozilla\/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit\/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome\/58.0.3029.110 Safari\/537.3'<\/p>\n
                          }<\/p>\n
                          response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, proxies=proxies)<\/p>\n
                          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                            \n
                          1. \u9075\u5b88\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684robots.txt<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                            \u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u9875\u6293\u53d6\u65f6\uff0c\u9075\u5b88\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684robots.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u826f\u597d\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002robots.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6293\u53d6\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6293\u53d6\u3002\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684robotparser\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u6790\u548c\u9075\u5faa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                            \u89e3\u6790robots.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                            from urllib.robotparser import RobotFileParser<\/p>\n
                            rp = RobotFileParser()<\/p>\n
                            rp.set_url('https:\/\/example.com\/robots.txt')<\/p>\n
                            rp.read()<\/p>\n
                            can_fetch = rp.can_fetch('*', 'https:\/\/example.com\/somepage')<\/p>\n
                            print(can_fetch)<\/p>\n
                            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                            \u516b\u3001\u4f18\u5316\u6293\u53d6\u6548\u7387<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                              \n
                            1. \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u548c\u5f02\u6b65\u6293\u53d6<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                              \u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u6293\u53d6\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u3002Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6a21\u5757\u548c\u5f02\u6b65\u5e93\uff08\u5982asyncio\u3001AI<\/a>ohttp\uff09\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e76\u53d1\u6293\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                              \u4f7f\u7528aiohttp\u8fdb\u884c\u5f02\u6b65\u6293\u53d6\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                              import aiohttp<\/p>\n
                              import asyncio<\/p>\n
                              async def fetch(session, url):<\/p>\n
                                  async with session.get(url) as response:<\/p>\n
                                      return await response.text()<\/p>\n
                              async def main():<\/p>\n
                                  async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:<\/p>\n
                                      html = await fetch(session, 'https:\/\/example.com')<\/p>\n
                                      print(html)<\/p>\n
                              loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()<\/p>\n
                              loop.run_until_complete(main())<\/p>\n
                              <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                                \n
                              1. \u964d\u4f4e\u8bf7\u6c42\u9891\u7387<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                \u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7ad9\u5c01\u7981\u6216\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u8bf7\u6c42\u9891\u7387\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u589e\u52a0\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                                \u964d\u4f4e\u8bf7\u6c42\u9891\u7387\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                                import time<\/p>\n
                                for url in urls:<\/p>\n
                                    response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
                                    time.sleep(2)  # \u7b49\u5f852\u79d2<\/p>\n
                                <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                                \u4e5d\u3001\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17\u548c\u9884\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                                  \n
                                1. \u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                  \u5728\u6293\u53d6\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u566a\u58f0\u6216\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5904\u7406\u6280\u672f\u6765\u6e05\u6d17\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                                  \u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                                  import re<\/p>\n
                                  raw_data = 'Name: John Doe, Age: 30'<\/p>\n
                                  clean_data = re.sub(r'\\D', '', raw_data)<\/p>\n
                                  print(clean_data)<\/p>\n
                                  <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                                    \n
                                  1. \u6570\u636e\u9884\u5904\u7406<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                    \u5728\u5206\u6790\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5982\u683c\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u3001\u7f3a\u5931\u503c\u586b\u8865\u7b49\u3002\u6570\u636e\u9884\u5904\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Pandas\u5e93\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                                    \u6570\u636e\u9884\u5904\u7406\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                                    import pandas as pd<\/p>\n
                                    data = pd.DataFrame({'name': ['John', 'Jane'], 'age': [30, None]})<\/p>\n
                                    data['age'].fillna(data['age'].mean(), inplace=True)<\/p>\n
                                    print(data)<\/p>\n
                                    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                                    \u5341\u3001\u9075\u5b88\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u89c4\u8303<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                                      \n
                                    1. \u9075\u5b88\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                      \u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u6293\u53d6\u65f6\uff0c\u9075\u5b88\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u83b7\u5f97\u6293\u53d6\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5e76\u9075\u5faa\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\uff0c\u5982\u7248\u6743\u6cd5\u548c\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u62a4\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                                        \n
                                      1. \u9053\u5fb7\u6293\u53d6<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                        \u9053\u5fb7\u6293\u53d6\u662f\u6307\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u6293\u53d6\u65f6\uff0c\u5c0a\u91cd\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u7528\u6237\u9690\u79c1\u3002\u907f\u514d\u6293\u53d6\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u6293\u53d6\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7ad9\u9020\u6210\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                                        \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
                                         \u5982\u4f55\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684Python\u5e93\u6765\u6293\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff1f<\/strong>
                                        \u5728\u6293\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5e93\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684Python\u5e93\u5305\u62ecBeautiful Soup\u3001Scrapy\u548cRequests\u3002Beautiful Soup\u9002\u5408\u5904\u7406HTML\u548cXML\u6587\u6863\uff0cScrapy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u722c\u866b\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6293\u53d6\uff0c\u800cRequests\u5219\u65b9\u4fbf\u5904\u7406HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4f60\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u9002\u5408\u7684\u5e93\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u6293\u53d6\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n
                                        \u6293\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u5e94\u8be5\u6ce8\u610f\u54ea\u4e9b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u95ee\u9898\uff1f<\/strong>
                                        \u5728\u6293\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u9075\u5faa\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u89c4\u8303\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684robots.txt\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u5141\u8bb8\u548c\u7981\u6b62\u7684\u6293\u53d6\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5bf9\u7f51\u7ad9\u9020\u6210\u8fc7\u5927\u8d1f\u62c5\uff0c\u5408\u7406\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u9891\u7387\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4e0d\u4fb5\u72af\u7248\u6743\u548c\u9690\u79c1\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6293\u53d6\u5305\u542b\u4e2a\u4eba\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u9075\u5faa\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u62a4\u6cd5\u5f8b\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
                                        \u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u6293\u53d6\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9047\u5230\u7684\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u673a\u5236\uff1f<\/strong>
                                        \u8bb8\u591a\u7f51\u7ad9\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u673a\u5236\u6765\u4fdd\u62a4\u5176\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5e94\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u5236\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6765\u9690\u85cfIP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u968f\u673a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u4ee5\u6a21\u62df\u771f\u5b9e\u7528\u6237\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u968f\u673a\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u5de5\u5177\u5982Selenium\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6a21\u62df\u7528\u6237\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7ed5\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u9632\u62a4\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5e76\u91c7\u53d6\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5bf9\u7b56\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u63d0\u9ad8\u6293\u53d6\u6210\u529f\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Python\u6293\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6b65\u9aa4 \u4f7f\u7528Python\u6293\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6b65\u9aa4\u5305\u62ec\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u89e3\u6790\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u3001\u63d0 […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":998156,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/998147"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=998147"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/998147\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":998157,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/998147\/revisions\/998157"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/998156"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=998147"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=998147"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=998147"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}