{"id":997020,"date":"2024-12-27T09:19:59","date_gmt":"2024-12-27T01:19:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/997020.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T09:20:01","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T01:20:01","slug":"python%e7%88%ac%e8%99%ab%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%8e%b7%e5%8f%96json","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/997020.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u722c\u866b\u5982\u4f55\u83b7\u53d6json"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u722c\u866b\u5982\u4f55\u83b7\u53d6json\"<\/p>\n

Python\u722c\u866b\u83b7\u53d6JSON\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u89e3\u6790JSON\u54cd\u5e94\u3001\u5904\u7406API\u901f\u7387\u9650\u5236\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u662f\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Python\u722c\u866b\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u529f\u80fd\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u5730\u4ece\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0a\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u73b0\u4ee3\u7f51\u7ad9\u548cAPI\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5JSON\u683c\u5f0f\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6613\u4e8e\u9605\u8bfb\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6613\u4e8e\u89e3\u6790\u548c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u722c\u866b\u83b7\u53d6JSON\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u6307\u5357\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528REQUESTS\u5e93\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528Python\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u722c\u866b\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5e93\u4e4b\u4e00\u662frequests<\/code>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u63a5\u6536\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1. \u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u5bfc\u5165REQUESTS\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4f60\u7684Python\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86requests<\/code>\u5e93\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

pip install requests<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4f60\u7684Python\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u5bfc\u5165\u8be5\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528requests.get()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u76ee\u6807URL\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u54cd\u5e94\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
response = requests.get('https:\/\/api.example.com\/data')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u68c0\u67e5\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u8bf7\u6c42\u6210\u529f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u826f\u597d\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002HTTP\u72b6\u6001\u7801200\u8868\u793a\u8bf7\u6c42\u6210\u529f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
if response.status_code == 200:<\/p>\n
    print("Request was successful")<\/p>\n
else:<\/p>\n
    print("Request fAI<\/a>led with status code:", response.status_code)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u89e3\u6790JSON\u54cd\u5e94<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u54cd\u5e94\u540e\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u89e3\u6790\u5176\u4e2d\u7684JSON\u6570\u636e\u3002requests<\/code>\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u4f7f\u7528JSON\u65b9\u6cd5\u89e3\u6790\u6570\u636e<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
response<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a.json()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u89e3\u6790\u4e3aPython\u5b57\u5178\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
data = response.json()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u5904\u7406\u89e3\u6790\u540e\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u65e6\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u89e3\u6790\u4e3a\u5b57\u5178\u6216\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u666e\u901a\u7684Python\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e00\u6837\u5904\u7406\u5b83\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u67d0\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
value = data['key']<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u5904\u7406API\u901f\u7387\u9650\u5236<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5904\u7406API\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u901f\u7387\u9650\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u7a97\u53e3\u5185\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u91cf\u6709\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u7406\u89e3\u901f\u7387\u9650\u5236<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u6bcf\u4e2aAPI\u7684\u901f\u7387\u9650\u5236\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5728API\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9650\u5236\u5e76\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\u8c03\u6574\u8bf7\u6c42\u9891\u7387\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u5b9e\u73b0\u8bf7\u6c42\u95f4\u9694<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528time<\/code>\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u89e6\u53d1\u901f\u7387\u9650\u5236\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import time<\/p>\n
time.sleep(1)  # \u5ef6\u8fdf1\u79d2<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u5904\u7406\u901f\u7387\u9650\u5236\u9519\u8bef<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u67d0\u4e9bAPI\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff08\u5982429\uff09\u8868\u793a\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fc7\u591a\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6355\u83b7\u5f02\u5e38\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u9002\u5f53\u5904\u7406\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
if response.status_code == 429:<\/p>\n
    print("Rate limit exceeded. Waiting before retrying...")<\/p>\n
    time.sleep(60)  # \u7b49\u5f8560\u79d2<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742JSON\u7ed3\u6784<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6709\u65f6\u5019\uff0cJSON\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u8f83\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u89e3\u6790\u548c\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u7ec6\u81f4\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u7406\u89e3\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u7684JSON\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u5148\u4e86\u89e3\u5176\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684json<\/code>\u5e93\u6765\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import json<\/p>\n
formatted_data = json.dumps(data, indent=4)<\/p>\n
print(formatted_data)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u904d\u5386\u5d4c\u5957\u6570\u636e<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u9012\u5f52\u6216\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u904d\u5386\u548c\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
def extract_values(data, key):<\/p>\n
    if isinstance(data, dict):<\/p>\n
        for k, v in data.items():<\/p>\n
            if k == key:<\/p>\n
                yield v<\/p>\n
            elif isinstance(v, (dict, list)):<\/p>\n
                yield from extract_values(v, key)<\/p>\n
    elif isinstance(data, list):<\/p>\n
        for item in data:<\/p>\n
            yield from extract_values(item, key)<\/p>\n
values = list(extract_values(data, 'desired_key'))<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u5904\u7406\u5206\u9875\u6570\u636e<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u8bb8\u591aAPI\u4f1a\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5206\u9875\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u5206\u9875\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5236\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u7406\u89e3\u5206\u9875\u673a\u5236<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u5e38\uff0cAPI\u6587\u6863\u4f1a\u8bf4\u660e\u5982\u4f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9875\u9762\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42URL\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u67e5\u8be2\u53c2\u6570page<\/code>\u6216offset<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u5b9e\u73b0\u5206\u9875\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5faa\u73af\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u6240\u6709\u9875\u9762\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
page = 1<\/p>\n
while True:<\/p>\n
    response = requests.get(f'https:\/\/api.example.com\/data?page={page}')<\/p>\n
    data = response.json()<\/p>\n
    if not data['items']:<\/p>\n
        break<\/p>\n
    # \u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
    page += 1<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u9690\u79c1<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u722c\u866b\u65f6\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u9690\u79c1\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u9075\u5faa\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\uff0c\u5e76\u5c0a\u91cd\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684robots.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u68c0\u67e5ROBOTS.TXT\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u722c\u53d6\u7f51\u7ad9\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684robots.txt\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u5141\u8bb8\u548c\u7981\u6b62\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
response = requests.get('https:\/\/www.example.com\/robots.txt')<\/p>\n
print(response.text)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u4f7f\u7528API\u5bc6\u94a5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679cAPI\u9700\u8981\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528API\u5bc6\u94a5\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u59a5\u5584\u4fdd\u7ba1\u5bc6\u94a5\uff0c\u5e76\u907f\u514d\u5728\u516c\u5171\u4ee3\u7801\u5e93\u4e2d\u6cc4\u9732\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
headers = {'Authorization': 'Bearer YOUR_API_KEY'}<\/p>\n
response = requests.get('https:\/\/api.example.com\/data', headers=headers)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4f7f\u7528Python\u722c\u866b\u83b7\u53d6JSON\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u53ca\u5176\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u8bf7\u6c42\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u6216\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u67d0\u4e9b\u7f51\u7ad9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u62d2\u7edd\u6765\u81ea\u722c\u866b\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u6216\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u9875\u9762\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u7528\u6237\u4ee3\u7406\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla\/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit\/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome\/58.0.3029.110 Safari\/537.3'}<\/p>\n
response = requests.get('https:\/\/api.example.com\/data', headers=headers)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u6570\u636e\u89e3\u6790\u9519\u8bef<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c.json()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u89e3\u6790\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u54cd\u5e94\u4e0d\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684JSON\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
print(response.text)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u95ee\u9898<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u8bf7\u6c42\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u91cd\u8bd5\u673a\u5236\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
for i in range(3):  # \u91cd\u8bd53\u6b21<\/p>\n
    try:<\/p>\n
        response = requests.get('https:\/\/api.example.com\/data')<\/p>\n
        break<\/p>\n
    except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:<\/p>\n
        print("Error:", e)<\/p>\n
        time.sleep(2)  # \u7b49\u5f852\u79d2\u540e\u91cd\u8bd5<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
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