{"id":989461,"date":"2024-12-27T08:11:47","date_gmt":"2024-12-27T00:11:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/989461.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T08:11:50","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T00:11:50","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%89%93%e5%bc%80txt%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/989461.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u6253\u5f00txt\u6587\u4ef6"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u6253\u5f00txt\u6587\u4ef6\"<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\u6253\u5f00txt\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5efa\u7684open()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u4f7f\u7528with<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u6307\u5b9a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6253\u5f00\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u5982\u8bfb\u53d6\u3001\u5199\u5165\u3001\u8ffd\u52a0\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528with<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5173\u95ed\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u8d44\u6e90\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002<\/strong> \u4e3a\u4e86\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u4f7f\u7528Python\u6253\u5f00txt\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u57fa\u7840\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u800c\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u5efa\u7684open()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u6253\u5f00txt\u6587\u4ef6\u3002open()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

file_object = open('file.txt', mode='r', encoding='utf-8')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c'file.txt'<\/code>\u662f\u8981\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0cmode<\/code>\u662f\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0cencoding<\/code>\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u672c\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u683c\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u6587\u4ef6\u6253\u5f00\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6587\u4ef6\u6253\u5f00\u6a21\u5f0f\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u6267\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \n
  • 'r'<\/code>\uff1a\u53ea\u8bfb\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u5fc5\u987b\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/li>\n
  • 'w'<\/code>\uff1a\u5199\u5165\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n
  • 'a'<\/code>\uff1a\u8ffd\u52a0\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u9488\u5c06\u4f1a\u653e\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n
  • 'r+'<\/code>\uff1a\u8bfb\u5199\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u5fc5\u987b\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/li>\n
  • 'w+'<\/code>\uff1a\u8bfb\u5199\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n
  • 'a+'<\/code>\uff1a\u8bfb\u5199\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u9488\u5c06\u4f1a\u653e\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    2. \u6587\u4ef6\u7f16\u7801<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    \u6307\u5b9a\u7f16\u7801\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u662f'utf-8'<\/code>\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u652f\u6301\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528with<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    with<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u662fPython\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8ba9\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u6d01\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u786e\u4fdd\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u5173\u95ed\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    with open('file.txt', mode='r', encoding='utf-8') as file:<\/p>\n
        content = file.read()<\/p>\n
        print(content)<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cwith<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6253\u5f00\u548c\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u4e2d\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002file.read()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f1a\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    1. \u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u662f\u4e2a\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5360\u7528\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    with open('file.txt', mode='r', encoding='utf-8') as file:<\/p>\n
        for line in file:<\/p>\n
            print(line.strip())<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    strip()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u53bb\u9664\u6bcf\u884c\u672b\u5c3e\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    2. \u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u6ce8\u610f\u6587\u4ef6\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u4f7f\u7528'w'<\/code>\u6216'a'<\/code>\u6a21\u5f0f\u65f6\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u610f\u5916\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    with open('file.txt', mode='w', encoding='utf-8') as file:<\/p>\n
        file.write('Hello, World!\\n')<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cwrite()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u6587\u672c\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u5199\u5165\u591a\u884c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528writelines()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4e09\u3001\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u5f02\u5e38<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5982\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8db3\u7b49\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5065\u58ee\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528try-except<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u6765\u6355\u83b7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    try:<\/p>\n
        with open('file.txt', mode='r', encoding='utf-8') as file:<\/p>\n
            content = file.read()<\/p>\n
    except FileNotFoundError:<\/p>\n
        print("File not found!")<\/p>\n
    except IOError:<\/p>\n
        print("Error opening or reading file!")<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5904\u7406\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u51fa\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u56db\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u6216\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u5728\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\u5f00\u53d1\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684os<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    import os<\/p>\n
    file_path = os.path.join('directory', 'file.txt')<\/p>\n
    with open(file_path, mode='r', encoding='utf-8') as file:<\/p>\n
        content = file.read()<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    os.path.join()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4e94\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    Python\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97txt\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u53d8\u5f97\u5341\u5206\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u4f7f\u7528open()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u548cwith<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u6253\u5f00\u3001\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u5199\u5165txt\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/strong> \u7406\u89e3\u5e76\u6b63\u786e\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u4ef6\u6253\u5f00\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u7f16\u7801\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u662f\u6210\u529f\u64cd\u4f5c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u719f\u6089\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u6784\u5efa\u66f4\u5177\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u5de7\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5145\u5206\u53d1\u6325Python\u5728\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
     \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6txt\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1f<\/strong>
    \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7684open()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u6253\u5f00txt\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4f7f\u7528with<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u81ea\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u3002\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7read()<\/code>\u3001readline()<\/code>\u6216readlines()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
    with open('example.txt', 'r') as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u6d01\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u7ba1\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6253\u5f00\u548c\u5173\u95ed\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Python\u5199\u5165txt\u6587\u4ef6\u5417\uff1f<\/strong>
    \u5f53\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002Python\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u5199\u5165txt\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4f7f\u7528open()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u6a21\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a'w'<\/code>\u6216'a'<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5199\u5165\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
    with open('example.txt', 'w') as file:\n    file.write("\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u3002")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u73b0\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u82e5\u60f3\u8ffd\u52a0\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528'a'<\/code>\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\uff1f<\/strong>
    \u5728\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7try...except<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u6765\u6355\u83b7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f02\u5e38\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
    try:\n    with open('example.txt', 'r') as file:\n        content = file.read()\nexcept FileNotFoundError:\n    print("\u6587\u4ef6\u672a\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u8bf7\u68c0\u67e5\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u3002")\nexcept PermissionError:\n    print("\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u6587\u4ef6\u3002")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5065\u58ee\u6027\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7528\u6237\u5728\u9047\u5230\u9519\u8bef\u65f6\u80fd\u591f\u5f97\u5230\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u5728Python\u4e2d\u6253\u5f00txt\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5efa\u7684open()\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u4f7f\u7528with\u8bed\u53e5\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u6307\u5b9a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6 […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":989473,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/989461"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=989461"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/989461\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":989477,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/989461\/revisions\/989477"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/989473"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=989461"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=989461"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=989461"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}