{"id":988935,"date":"2024-12-27T08:06:54","date_gmt":"2024-12-27T00:06:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/988935.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T08:06:57","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T00:06:57","slug":"python-%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%8e%b7%e5%be%97self%e5%8f%82%e6%95%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/988935.html","title":{"rendered":"python \u5982\u4f55\u83b7\u5f97self\u53c2\u6570"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u65b9\u6cd5\u8c03\u7528\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u88c5\u9970\u5668<\/strong>
Python\u4e2d\uff0cself<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662fself<\/code>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u65b9\u6cd5\u8c03\u7528<\/strong>\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u663e\u5f0f\u4f20\u9012self<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aPython\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5c06\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316<\/strong>\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u4f8b\u8c03\u7528\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0cPython\u5c06\u8be5\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4f5c\u4e3aself<\/code>\u4f20\u9012\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u88c5\u9970\u5668<\/strong>\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u95f4\u63a5\u5730\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u4f7f\u7528self<\/code>\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u5e94\u7528\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u4e2d\u5904\u7406self<\/code>\u3002 <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u65b9\u6cd5\u8c03\u7528\u83b7\u53d6self<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5e76\u8c03\u7528\u5176\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0cPython\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5c06\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684self<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u65b9\u6cd5\u5185\u90e8\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7c7bCar<\/code>\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5start<\/code>\uff0c\u5728start<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0cself<\/code>\u4ee3\u8868\u5f53\u524d\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u6765\u83b7\u53d6self<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u81ea\u7136\u4e14\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u65f6\uff0cPython\u4f1a\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u8bbf\u95ee\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u901a\u8fc7self<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n

    \u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u7c7b<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65f6\uff0cPython\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u7528\u7c7b\u7684__init__<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u901a\u5e38\u662fself<\/code>\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5f15\u7528\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u65b0\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    class Car:<\/p>\n
        def __init__(self, model, color):<\/p>\n
            self.model = model<\/p>\n
            self.color = color<\/p>\n
    my_car = Car("Toyota", "Red")<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aCar<\/code>\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7__init__<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e86model<\/code>\u548ccolor<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\u3002my_car<\/code>\u662fCar<\/code>\u7c7b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7self<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u81ea\u52a8\u5f15\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    \u8c03\u7528\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u521b\u5efa\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0cPython\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5c06\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684self<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    class Car:<\/p>\n
        def start(self):<\/p>\n
            print(f"The {self.color} {self.model} is starting.")<\/p>\n
    my_car = Car("Toyota", "Red")<\/p>\n
    my_car.start()<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u8fd9\u91cc\uff0cmy_car.start()<\/code>\u8c03\u7528\u4e86start<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0cPython\u81ea\u52a8\u5c06my_car<\/code>\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9self<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cstart<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95eemy_car<\/code>\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5982model<\/code>\u548ccolor<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u83b7\u53d6self<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u5728\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u64cd\u4f5c\u8be5\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u662f\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u91cd\u7528\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u88c5\u9970\u5668<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u51fd\u6570\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u589e\u5f3a\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u95f4\u63a5\u5730\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u4f7f\u7528self<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \n
      \u57fa\u672c\u7684\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u88c5\u9970\u5668\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u9636\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5728\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u65f6\uff0cself<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      def log_method_call(func):<\/p>\n
          def wrapper(self, *args, kwargs):<\/p>\n
              print(f"Calling method {func.__name__} with {args} and {kwargs}")<\/p>\n
              return func(self, *args, kwargs)<\/p>\n
          return wrapper<\/p>\n
      class Car:<\/p>\n
          @log_method_call<\/p>\n
          def start(self):<\/p>\n
              print("Car is starting.")<\/p>\n
      my_car = Car()<\/p>\n
      my_car.start()<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0clog_method_call<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u88c5\u9970\u5668\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u6cd5\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u88c5\u9970\u5668\uff0cself<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u88ab\u88c5\u9970\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
    2. \n
      \u88c5\u9970\u5668\u8bbf\u95eeself<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u88c5\u9970\u5668\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u6536self<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7self<\/code>\u8bbf\u95ee\u7c7b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u5728\u589e\u5f3a\u65b9\u6cd5\u529f\u80fd\u65f6\u66f4\u52a0\u7075\u6d3b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      def check_fuel_level(func):<\/p>\n
          def wrapper(self, *args, kwargs):<\/p>\n
              if self.fuel_level > 0:<\/p>\n
                  return func(self, *args, kwargs)<\/p>\n
              else:<\/p>\n
                  print("Cannot start the car. Fuel level is too low.")<\/p>\n
          return wrapper<\/p>\n
      class Car:<\/p>\n
          def __init__(self, fuel_level):<\/p>\n
              self.fuel_level = fuel_level<\/p>\n
          @check_fuel_level<\/p>\n
          def start(self):<\/p>\n
              print("Car is starting.")<\/p>\n
      my_car = Car(fuel_level=10)<\/p>\n
      my_car.start()<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0ccheck_fuel_level<\/code>\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u68c0\u67e5\u6c7d\u8f66\u7684\u71c3\u6cb9\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u71c3\u6cb9\u5145\u8db3\u65f6\u8c03\u7528start<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7self.fuel_level<\/code>\uff0c\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u590d\u6742\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \u4f7f\u7528\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u83b7\u53d6self<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u589e\u5f3a\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u6301\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6e05\u6670\u548c\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u3002\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
       \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u7c7b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528self\u53c2\u6570\uff1f<\/strong>
      self\u53c2\u6570\u5728Python\u7c7b\u4e2d\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u5f97\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u80fd\u591f\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5c06self\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u5165\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e76\u8c03\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0cPython\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5c06\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f5c\u4e3aself\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0cself\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\uff1f<\/strong>
      \u5728\u4f7f\u7528self\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6e05\u6670\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u65b9\u6cd5\u5185\u90e8\u901a\u8fc7self\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5c5e\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u786e\u4fdd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5c3d\u91cf\u5355\u4e00\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u9075\u5faaPEP 8\u4ee3\u7801\u98ce\u683c\u6307\u5357\uff0c\u786e\u4fddself\u53c2\u6570\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6709\u65f6\u5019self\u53c2\u6570\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u9690\u542b\u53c2\u6570\u201d\uff1f<\/strong>
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