{"id":988813,"date":"2024-12-27T08:05:34","date_gmt":"2024-12-27T00:05:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/988813.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T08:05:37","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T00:05:37","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%bf%9e%e6%8e%a5%e6%8e%a5web","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/988813.html","title":{"rendered":"Python\u5982\u4f55\u8fde\u63a5\u63a5web"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Python\u5982\u4f55\u8fde\u63a5\u63a5web\"<\/p>\n

Python\u8fde\u63a5Web\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528HTTP\u5e93\u5982requests<\/code>\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Web\u6846\u67b6\u5982Flask\u6216Django\u3001\u901a\u8fc7WebSocket\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b9e\u65f6\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/strong> \u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u5e93\u662f\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u548c\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u8f7b\u677e\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e93\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5GET\u6216POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0eWeb\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u8fdb\u884cWeb\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528HTTP\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5Web<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528HTTP\u5e93\u5982requests<\/code>\uff0c\u662fPython\u8fde\u63a5Web\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002requests<\/code>\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u6765\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u5b89\u88c5\u4e0e\u57fa\u672c\u4f7f\u7528<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86requests<\/code>\u5e93\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    pip install requests<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    import requests<\/p>\n
    response = requests.get('https:\/\/api.example.com\/data')<\/p>\n
    print(response.status_code)<\/p>\n
    print(response.json())<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u9001GET\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u548cJSON\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u53c2\u6570\u4e0e\u54cd\u5e94<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      requests<\/code>\u5e93\u8fd8\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u548c\u5185\u5bb9\u7b49\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      import requests<\/p>\n
      \u53d1\u9001GET\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u5e26\u6709\u53c2\u6570<\/strong><\/h2>\n
      params = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}<\/p>\n
      response = requests.get('https:\/\/api.example.com\/data', params=params)<\/p>\n
      \u68c0\u67e5\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001<\/strong><\/h2>\n
      if response.status_code == 200:<\/p>\n
          # \u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n
          data = response.json()<\/p>\n
          print(data)<\/p>\n
      else:<\/p>\n
          print(f"Request fAI<\/a>led with status code {response.status_code}")<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u4e0eWeb\u670d\u52a1\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Web\u6846\u67b6\u8fde\u63a5Web<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      Python\u4e2d\u6709\u8bb8\u591aWeb\u6846\u67b6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u5feb\u901f\u642d\u5efaWeb\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0eWeb\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u5982Flask\u548cDjango\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. Flask\u6846\u67b6<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        Flask\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684Web\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u5c0f\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u548c\u539f\u578b\u5f00\u53d1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        from flask import Flask, jsonify, request<\/p>\n
        app = Flask(__name__)<\/p>\n
        @app.route('\/api\/data', methods=['GET'])<\/p>\n
        def get_data():<\/p>\n
            # \u6a21\u62df\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
            data = {'key': 'value'}<\/p>\n
            return jsonify(data)<\/p>\n
        if __name__ == '__main__':<\/p>\n
            app.run(debug=True)<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
        \u901a\u8fc7Flask\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49API\u7aef\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5904\u7406\u6765\u81ea\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. Django\u6846\u67b6<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          Django\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u9f50\u5168\u7684Web\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5927\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u5f00\u53d1\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5f00\u7bb1\u5373\u7528\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5982\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          # views.py<\/p>\n
          from django.http import JsonResponse<\/p>\n
          def get_data(request):<\/p>\n
              data = {'key': 'value'}<\/p>\n
              return JsonResponse(data)<\/p>\n
          urls.py<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          from django.urls import path<\/p>\n
          from . import views<\/p>\n
          urlpatterns = [<\/p>\n
              path('api\/data\/', views.get_data),<\/p>\n
          ]<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
          \u4f7f\u7528Django\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9879\u76ee\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u5b9e\u73b0\u590d\u6742\u7684Web\u5e94\u7528\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \u4e09\u3001\u901a\u8fc7WebSocket\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b9e\u65f6\u901a\u4fe1<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          WebSocket\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u5355\u4e2aTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u5168\u53cc\u5de5\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u65f6\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \n
          1. \u4f7f\u7528WebSocket\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528websocket-client<\/code>\u5e93\u6765\u8fde\u63a5WebSocket\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            pip install websocket-client<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            import websocket<\/p>\n
            def on_message(ws, message):<\/p>\n
                print(f"Received message: {message}")<\/p>\n
            ws = websocket.WebSocketApp("ws:\/\/example.com\/socket",<\/p>\n
                                        on_message=on_message)<\/p>\n
            ws.run_forever()<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u8fde\u63a5\u5230WebSocket\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u63a5\u6536\u6d88\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              \n
            1. \u4f7f\u7528WebSocket\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
              \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528websockets<\/code>\u5e93\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2aWebSocket\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              pip install websockets<\/p>\n
              <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
              import asyncio<\/p>\n
              import websockets<\/p>\n
              async def handler(websocket, path):<\/p>\n
                  async for message in websocket:<\/p>\n
                      print(f"Received message: {message}")<\/p>\n
                      await websocket.send(f"Echo: {message}")<\/p>\n
              start_server = websockets.serve(handler, "localhost", 8765)<\/p>\n
              asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(start_server)<\/p>\n
              asyncio.get_event_loop().run_forever()<\/p>\n
              <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
              \u8fd9\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c06\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u56de\u663e\u56de\u53bb\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86WebSocket\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              \u56db\u3001\u603b\u7ed3\u4e0e\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                \n
              1. \u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5de5\u5177<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                \u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u5e93\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u7684HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0crequests<\/code>\u5e93\u662f\u6700\u4f73\u9009\u62e9\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8eWeb\u5e94\u7528\u5f00\u53d1\uff0cFlask\u548cDjango\u5404\u6709\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1b\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b9e\u65f6\u901a\u4fe1\uff0cWebSocket\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                  \n
                1. \u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                  \u5728\u4e0eWeb\u670d\u52a1\u4ea4\u4e92\u65f6\uff0c\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u5904\u7406HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7f51\u7edc\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u9690\u79c1\u6027\u4e5f\u662f\u5f00\u53d1Web\u5e94\u7528\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u89c6\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                    \n
                  1. \u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u6216\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6280\u672f\u63d0\u9ad8\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                    \u901a\u8fc7\u638c\u63e1\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Python\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u64cd\u4f5cWeb\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u8d8a\u7684Web\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                    \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
                     \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u8fde\u63a5\u5230Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1f<\/strong>
                    \u8981\u4f7f\u7528Python\u8fde\u63a5\u5230Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7684http.client<\/code>\u5e93\u6216\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u5982requests<\/code>\u3002\u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u5e93\u662f\u6700\u4e3a\u7b80\u5355\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u5feb\u901f\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fde\u63a5\uff1a  <\/p>\n
                    import requests\n\nresponse = requests.get('http:\/\/example.com')\nprint(response.text)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                    \u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5904\u7406HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u8bf7\u6c42\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n
                    \u5728Python\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406Web\u6570\u636e\uff1f<\/strong>
                    \u5904\u7406Web\u6570\u636e\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u89e3\u6790HTML\u6216JSON\u683c\u5f0f\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u5728\u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u5e93\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u540e\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup<\/code>\u5e93\u6765\u89e3\u6790HTML\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528json<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u5904\u7406JSON\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u89e3\u6790HTML\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a  <\/p>\n
                    from bs4 import BeautifulSoup\nimport requests\n\nresponse = requests.get('http:\/\/example.com')\nsoup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')\nprint(soup.title.string)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                    \u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n
                    Python\u8fde\u63a5Web\u65f6\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\uff1f<\/strong>
                    \u5728\u8fde\u63a5Web\u65f6\uff0c\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u4f7f\u7528try-except<\/code>\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u6355\u83b7\u548c\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7f51\u7edc\u95ee\u9898\u6216HTTP\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a  <\/p>\n
                    import requests\n\ntry:\n    response = requests.get('http:\/\/example.com')\n    response.raise_for_status()  # \u5982\u679c\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u4e0d\u662f200\uff0c\u5c06\u5f15\u53d1\u5f02\u5e38\n    print(response.text)\nexcept requests.exceptions.HTTPError as errh:\n    print("HTTP\u9519\u8bef:", errh)\nexcept requests.exceptions.ConnectionError as errc:\n    print("\u8fde\u63a5\u9519\u8bef:", errc)\nexcept requests.exceptions.Timeout as errt:\n    print("\u8d85\u65f6\u9519\u8bef:", errt)\nexcept requests.exceptions.RequestException as err:\n    print("\u8bf7\u6c42\u5f02\u5e38:", err)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                    \u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u9047\u5230\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u591f\u8f93\u51fa\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Python\u8fde\u63a5Web\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528HTTP\u5e93\u5982requests\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Web\u6846\u67b6\u5982Flask\u6216Django […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":988822,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/988813"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=988813"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/988813\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":988824,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/988813\/revisions\/988824"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/988822"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=988813"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=988813"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=988813"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}