{"id":986974,"date":"2024-12-27T07:49:33","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T23:49:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/986974.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T07:49:35","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T23:49:35","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%8a%8a%e5%87%bd%e6%95%b0%e5%b0%81%e5%8c%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/986974.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u628a\u51fd\u6570\u5c01\u5305"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u628a\u51fd\u6570\u5c01\u5305\"<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c01\u88c5\u51fd\u6570<\/strong>\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528\u95ed\u5305\u3001\u7c7b\u548c\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u5c06\u51fd\u6570\u6253\u5305\u6210\u66f4\u5c0f\u3001\u66f4\u53ef\u590d\u7528\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3002\u95ed\u5305\u3001\u7c7b\u548c\u88c5\u9970\u5668<\/strong>\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u51fd\u6570\u5c01\u5305\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u95ed\u5305\u901a\u8fc7\u6355\u83b7\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c01\u5305\uff0c\u7c7b\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u51fd\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u5c01\u88c5\uff0c\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u5219\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c01\u5305\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u95ed\u5305<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u95ed\u5305\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u8bb0\u4f4f\u4e86\u5b83\u88ab\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u5185\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u4e4b\u5916\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1.1 \u95ed\u5305\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u4f7f\u7528<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u95ed\u5305\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u9700\u8981\u5c01\u88c5\u4e00\u4e9b\u903b\u8f91\u5e76\u4fdd\u7559\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

def outer_function(message):<\/p>\n
    def inner_function():<\/p>\n
        print(message)<\/p>\n
    return inner_function<\/p>\n
closure = outer_function("Hello, World!")<\/p>\n
closure()  # \u8f93\u51fa: Hello, World!<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cinner_function<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ed\u5305\uff0c\u5b83\u8bb0\u4f4f\u4e86message<\/code>\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728outer_function<\/code>\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0cmessage<\/code>\u53d8\u91cf\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1.2 \u95ed\u5305\u7684\u4f18\u52bf<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u95ed\u5305\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u76f8\u5173\u903b\u8f91\u5c01\u88c5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u52a0\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u548c\u6613\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b9e\u73b0\u60f0\u6027\u8ba1\u7b97<\/strong>\uff1a\u95ed\u5305\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u60f0\u6027\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c01\u88c5\u9700\u8981\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6267\u884c\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u7c7b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u7c7b\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u5c06\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\u548c\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5c5e\u6027\uff09\u5c01\u88c5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2.1 \u57fa\u672c\u7c7b\u7684\u521b\u5efa<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u5c01\u88c5\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5c06\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u7c7b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class Greeter:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, name):<\/p>\n
        self.name = name<\/p>\n
    def greet(self):<\/p>\n
        print(f"Hello, {self.name}!")<\/p>\n
greeter = Greeter("Alice")<\/p>\n
greeter.greet()  # \u8f93\u51fa: Hello, Alice!<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cGreeter<\/code>\u7c7b\u5c01\u88c5\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2agreet<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5c5e\u6027name<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2.2 \u7c7b\u7684\u4f18\u52bf<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u6570\u636e\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u5c01\u88c5<\/strong>\uff1a\u7c7b\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u5c01\u88c5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u590d\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u7ee7\u627f\u548c\u591a\u6001<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u590d\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u6001\u5b9e\u73b0\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u88c5\u9970\u5668<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u9636\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u4e0d\u4fee\u6539\u539f\u59cb\u51fd\u6570\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u6216\u6539\u53d8\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3.1 \u88c5\u9970\u5668\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u3001\u6743\u9650\u68c0\u67e5\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u65f6\u7b49\u573a\u666f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
def my_decorator(func):<\/p>\n
    def wrapper():<\/p>\n
        print("Something is happening before the function is called.")<\/p>\n
        func()<\/p>\n
        print("Something is happening after the function is called.")<\/p>\n
    return wrapper<\/p>\n
@my_decorator<\/p>\n
def say_hello():<\/p>\n
    print("Hello!")<\/p>\n
say_hello()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cmy_decorator<\/code>\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u5728func<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u524d\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u989d\u5916\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3.2 \u88c5\u9970\u5668\u7684\u4f18\u52bf<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4ee3\u7801\u590d\u7528<\/strong>\uff1a\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u4e0a\u590d\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u4fee\u6539\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5206\u79bb\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1a\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5c06\u6a2a\u5207\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\uff08\u5982\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\uff09\u4e0e\u6838\u5fc3\u903b\u8f91\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u6613\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u5c01\u5305\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u51fd\u6570\u5c01\u5305\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
4.1 \u7f13\u5b58\u4e0e\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u95ed\u5305\u6216\u88c5\u9970\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u7f13\u5b58\u548c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528functools<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u7684lru_cache<\/code>\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5b9e\u73b0\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from functools import lru_cache<\/p>\n
@lru_cache(maxsize=32)<\/p>\n
def fibonacci(n):<\/p>\n
    if n < 2:<\/p>\n
        return n<\/p>\n
    return fibonacci(n-1) + fibonacci(n-2)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4.2 \u6743\u9650\u63a7\u5236<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Web\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\uff0c\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u67d0\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u6388\u6743\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
def require_permission(permission):<\/p>\n
    def decorator(func):<\/p>\n
        def wrapper(user, *args, kwargs):<\/p>\n
            if user.has_permission(permission):<\/p>\n
                return func(*args, kwargs)<\/p>\n
            else:<\/p>\n
                rAI<\/a>se PermissionError("Permission denied")<\/p>\n
        return wrapper<\/p>\n
    return decorator<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0cPython\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5c01\u5305\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u9ad8\u590d\u7528\u6027\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u521b\u5efa\u66f4\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u3001\u66f4\u6613\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u5c0f\u578b\u9879\u76ee\u8fd8\u662f\u5927\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u90fd\u80fd\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5c01\u5305\u51fd\u6570\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5177\u4f53\u6307\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5c01\u5305\u51fd\u6570\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6307\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u6216\u903b\u8f91\u5c01\u88c5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u5185\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e8e\u8c03\u7528\u548c\u590d\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u548c\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u76f8\u5173\u64cd\u4f5c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c01\u5305\u51fd\u6570\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5b9a\u4e49\u5c01\u5305\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u76f8\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528def<\/code>\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u6240\u9700\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528return<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u5f97\u51fd\u6570\u80fd\u591f\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u5e76\u8f93\u51fa\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5c01\u5305\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5c01\u5305\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u51cf\u5c11\u4ee3\u7801\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u91cd\u7528\u6027\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5c01\u5305\u51fd\u6570\u4f7f\u5f97\u590d\u6742\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u53d8\u5f97\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5c01\u5305\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5c01\u5305\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1f<\/strong>
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5c01\u5305\u51fd\u6570\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a  <\/p>\n
def calculate_area(length, width):\n    area = length * width\n    return area\n\nresult = calculate_area(5, 3)\nprint("The area is:", result)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0ccalculate_area<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u5c01\u88c5\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u77e9\u5f62\u9762\u79ef\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c01\u88c5\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528\u95ed\u5305\u3001\u7c7b\u548c\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u5c06\u51fd\u6570\u6253\u5305\u6210\u66f4\u5c0f\u3001\u66f4\u53ef\u590d\u7528\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3002 […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":986985,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/986974"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=986974"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/986974\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":986986,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/986974\/revisions\/986986"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/986985"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=986974"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=986974"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=986974"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}