{"id":981049,"date":"2024-12-27T06:59:18","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T22:59:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/981049.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T06:59:20","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T22:59:20","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%94%a8python%e8%af%bb%e5%8f%96excel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/981049.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u7528python\u8bfb\u53d6excel"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5982\u4f55\u7528python\u8bfb\u53d6excel\"<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528Python\u8bfb\u53d6Excel\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u5e93\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528pandas\u3001openpyxl\u3001xlrd\u7b49\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u9009\u62e9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u7684Excel\u683c\u5f0f\u3002pandas\u5e93\u662f\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u4e14\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cdExcel\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528pandas\u8bfb\u53d6Excel\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5b89\u88c5\u5e93\u3001\u52a0\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5pandas\u5e93\u548copenpyxl\u5e93\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3apandas\u5728\u5904\u7406Excel\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8eopenpyxl\u3002\u4f7f\u7528pandas.read_excel()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u52a0\u8f7dExcel\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868\u540d\u79f0\u6216\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u52a0\u8f7d\u540e\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728DataFrame\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u8bfb\u53d6Excel\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u51e0\u79cd\u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u6280\u5de7\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Pandas\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

Pandas\u662fPython\u4e2d\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u5e93\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u5904\u7406Excel\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1. \u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u5bfc\u5165\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5pandas\u548copenpyxl\u5e93\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

pip install pandas openpyxl<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u5728Python\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u5bfc\u5165\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import pandas as pd<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u8bfb\u53d6Excel\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528pandas.read_excel()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u8bfb\u53d6Excel\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868\u540d\u79f0\u6765\u52a0\u8f7d\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u8bfb\u53d6\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868<\/p>\n
df = pd.read_excel('example.xlsx')<\/p>\n
\u8bfb\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868<\/strong><\/h2>\n
df_sheet2 = pd.read_excel('example.xlsx', sheet_name='Sheet2')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
read_excel()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2aDataFrame\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0cDataFrame\u662fpandas\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8eExcel\u4e2d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u5904\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u6570\u636e<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528pandas\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u67e5\u770b\u524d\u51e0\u884c\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
print(df.head())<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong><\/h2>\n
print(df.info())<\/p>\n
\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7edf\u8ba1<\/strong><\/h2>\n
print(df.describe())<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5feb\u901f\u4e86\u89e3\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Openpyxl\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Openpyxl\u662f\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406Excel\u6587\u4ef6\u7684Python\u5e93\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u9002\u5408\u9700\u8981\u5bf9Excel\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u590d\u6742\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u5bfc\u5165\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b89\u88c5openpyxl\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install openpyxl<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bfc\u5165\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from openpyxl import load_workbook<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u52a0\u8f7dExcel\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528load_workbook()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u52a0\u8f7dExcel\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
workbook = load_workbook('example.xlsx')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u8bbf\u95ee\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868\u548c\u6570\u636e<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868\u540d\u79f0\u6216\u7d22\u5f15\u8bbf\u95ee\u7279\u5b9a\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8bbf\u95ee\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868\u540d\u79f0<\/p>\n
sheet_names = workbook.sheetnames<\/p>\n
print(sheet_names)<\/p>\n
\u9009\u62e9\u7279\u5b9a\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868<\/strong><\/h2>\n
sheet = workbook['Sheet1']<\/p>\n
\u8bbf\u95ee\u5355\u5143\u683c\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cell_value = sheet['A1'].value<\/p>\n
print(cell_value)<\/p>\n
\u8fed\u4ee3\u8bbf\u95ee\u6240\u6709\u884c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
for row in sheet.iter_rows(values_only=True):<\/p>\n
    print(row)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
Openpyxl\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7075\u6d3b\u7684API\u6765\u5904\u7406Excel\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5982\u5355\u5143\u683c\u3001\u884c\u3001\u5217\u3001\u56fe\u8868\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Xlrd\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Xlrd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u53ea\u9700\u8bfb\u53d6Excel 97-2003\u683c\u5f0f\u6587\u4ef6\uff08.xls\uff09\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u5bfc\u5165\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b89\u88c5xlrd\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install xlrd<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bfc\u5165\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import xlrd<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u8bfb\u53d6Excel\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528xlrd.open_workbook()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6253\u5f00Excel\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
workbook = xlrd.open_workbook('example.xls')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u8bbf\u95ee\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868\u548c\u6570\u636e<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15\u6216\u540d\u79f0\u8bbf\u95ee\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868\u540d\u79f0<\/p>\n
sheet_names = workbook.sheet_names()<\/p>\n
print(sheet_names)<\/p>\n
\u9009\u62e9\u7279\u5b9a\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868<\/strong><\/h2>\n
sheet = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u5355\u5143\u683c\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cell_value = sheet.cell_value(0, 0)<\/p>\n
print(cell_value)<\/p>\n
\u8fed\u4ee3\u8bbf\u95ee\u6240\u6709\u884c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
for row_idx in range(sheet.nrows):<\/p>\n
    row = sheet.row(row_idx)<\/p>\n
    print(row)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0cxlrd\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u8bfb\u53d6Excel 2007\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7248\u672c\u7684.xlsx\u683c\u5f0f\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb\u53d6Excel\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5e93\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8003\u8651\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \n
  • \u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u662f.xlsx\u683c\u5f0f\uff0cpandas\u6216openpyxl\u662f\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u662f.xls\u683c\u5f0f\uff0cxlrd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u529f\u80fd\u9700\u6c42<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5904\u7406\uff0cpandas\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u64cd\u4f5cExcel\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5185\u5bb9\uff0copenpyxl\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7075\u6d3b\u7684API\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u6027\u80fd<\/strong>\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u7684Excel\u6587\u4ef6\uff0cpandas\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6d88\u8017\u8f83\u591a\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u5757\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u4f18\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    \u4e94\u3001\u5b9e\u6218\u6848\u4f8b\u5206\u6790<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u8bfb\u53d6Excel\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u6f14\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528pandas\u5904\u7406Excel\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    1. \u8bfb\u53d6Excel\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5047\u8bbe\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u9500\u552e\u6570\u636e\u7684Excel\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u67e5\u770b\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    import pandas as pd<\/p>\n
    \u8bfb\u53d6Excel\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n
    df = pd.read_excel('sales_data.xlsx')<\/p>\n
    \u67e5\u770b\u524d\u51e0\u884c\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
    print(df.head())<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    2. \u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u5206\u6790\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53bb\u9664\u7f3a\u5931\u503c\u3001\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u5217\u7b49\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    # \u53bb\u9664\u7f3a\u5931\u503c<\/p>\n
    df = df.dropna()<\/p>\n
    \u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u65e5\u671f\u5217<\/strong><\/h2>\n
    df['Date'] = pd.to_datetime(df['Date'], format='%Y-%m-%d')<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    3. \u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4f7f\u7528pandas\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6309\u6708\u6c47\u603b\u9500\u552e\u989d\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    # \u6309\u6708\u6c47\u603b\u9500\u552e\u989d<\/p>\n
    monthly_sales = df.groupby(df['Date'].dt.to_period('M'))['Sales'].sum()<\/p>\n
    \u6253\u5370\u7ed3\u679c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
    print(monthly_sales)<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    4. \u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
    \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528pandas\u96c6\u6210\u7684matplotlib\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt<\/p>\n
    \u7ed8\u5236\u6708\u5ea6\u9500\u552e\u989d\u8d8b\u52bf\u56fe<\/strong><\/h2>\n
    monthly_sales.plot(kind='bar')<\/p>\n
    plt.title('Monthly Sales')<\/p>\n
    plt.xlabel('Month')<\/p>\n
    plt.ylabel('Sales')<\/p>\n
    plt.show()<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u8bfb\u53d6\u3001\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790Excel\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u4f7f\u7528Python\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u51b0\u5c71\u4e00\u89d2\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u6709\u6548\u5229\u7528Python\u5de5\u5177\u5904\u7406\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
     \u5982\u4f55\u7528Python\u8bfb\u53d6Excel\u6587\u4ef6\uff1f<\/strong>
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