{"id":976792,"date":"2024-12-27T06:24:23","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T22:24:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/976792.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T06:24:25","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T22:24:25","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%94%a8python%e6%8a%a212306","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/976792.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u7528Python\u62a212306"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5982\u4f55\u7528Python\u62a212306\"<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528Python\u62a212306\u8f66\u7968\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u4e86\u89e312306\u8d2d\u7968\u6d41\u7a0b\u3001\u6a21\u62df\u7528\u6237\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5e93\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u5904\u7406\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u8bc6\u522b\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u5408\u89c4\u3002<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u6a21\u62df\u7528\u6237\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a12306\u7f51\u7ad9\u6709\u590d\u6742\u7684\u9632\u722c\u866b\u548c\u9632\u9ec4\u725b\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u91c7\u7528Python\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6a21\u62df\u6b63\u5e38\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8d2d\u7968\u884c\u4e3a\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u719f\u608912306\u7684\u8d2d\u7968\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u6240\u9700\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684Python\u5e93\uff0c\u5982requests\u3001selenium\u7b49\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u3002\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u8bc6\u522b\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u96be\u70b9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u8bc6\u522b\u670d\u52a1\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u8bc6\u522b\u7387\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u52a1\u5fc5\u5173\u6ce8\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u5408\u89c4\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4f60\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u8fdd\u53cd12306\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6761\u6b3e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4e86\u89e312306\u8d2d\u7968\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528Python\u62a212306\u8f66\u7968\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u8d2d\u7968\u6d41\u7a0b\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u300212306\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u8d2d\u7968\u6d41\u7a0b\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u767b\u5f55\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u8f66\u7968\u3001\u63d0\u4ea4\u8ba2\u5355\u3001\u652f\u4ed8\u7b49\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1. \u767b\u5f55<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u767b\u5f55\u662f\u62a2\u7968\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u572812306\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u767b\u5f55\u8bf7\u6c42\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u53d1\u9001POST\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u9644\u5e26\u767b\u5f55\u6240\u9700\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5982\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3001\u5bc6\u7801\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u3002\u7531\u4e8e12306\u7f51\u7ad9\u5bf9\u767b\u5f55\u8bf7\u6c42\u6709\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u6a21\u62df\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u548ccookie\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

2. \u67e5\u8be2\u8f66\u7968<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u767b\u5f55\u6210\u529f\u540e\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u8be2\u8f66\u7968\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u8f66\u7968\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u901a\u5e38\u662fGET\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u6240\u9700\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5305\u62ec\u51fa\u53d1\u5730\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u3001\u51fa\u53d1\u65e5\u671f\u7b49\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u8f66\u7968\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u8fd4\u56de\u7684JSON\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u89e3\u6790\u8f66\u6b21\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u5ea7\u4f4d\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u7968\u4ef7\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u6a21\u62df\u7528\u6237\u884c\u4e3a<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u6a21\u62df\u7528\u6237\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u4f7f\u7528Python\u62a2\u7968\u7684\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a12306\u7f51\u7ad9\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u6765\u68c0\u6d4b\u548c\u9632\u6b62\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1. \u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

requests\u5e93\u662fPython\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e93\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u53d1\u9001GET\u548cPOST\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u5728\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ee5\u6a21\u62df\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6eUser-Agent\u3001Referer\u7b49\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u88ab\u8bc6\u522b\u4e3a\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

2. \u4f7f\u7528selenium<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

selenium\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8eWeb\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u64cd\u4f5c\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u7528\u6237\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5728\u4f7f\u7528selenium\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5982ChromeDriver\u6216GeckoDriver\u3002\u901a\u8fc7selenium\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u5904\u7406JavaScript\u6e32\u67d3\u7684\u9875\u9762\u3001\u6a21\u62df\u9f20\u6807\u70b9\u51fb\u548c\u6eda\u52a8\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u5904\u7406\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u8bc6\u522b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u662f12306\u7f51\u7ad9\u9632\u6b62\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528Python\u62a2\u7968\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u96be\u70b9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u56fe\u50cf\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u56fe\u50cf\u8bc6\u522b\u6280\u672f\u6765\u89e3\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1. \u56fe\u50cf\u8bc6\u522b<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684PIL\u5e93\uff08Python Imaging Library\uff09\u6765\u5904\u7406\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u56fe\u50cf\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u56fe\u50cf\u8fdb\u884c\u4e8c\u503c\u5316\u3001\u53bb\u566a\u7b49\u9884\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u56fe\u50cf\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

2. \u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u670d\u52a1<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u8bc6\u522b\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5982\u6253\u7801\u5e73\u53f0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e73\u53f0\u901a\u5e38\u63d0\u4f9bAPI\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528API\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u7387\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u4ed8\u8d39\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u5408\u89c4<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4f7f\u7528Python\u62a2\u7968\u65f6\uff0c\u52a1\u5fc5\u6ce8\u610f\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u5408\u89c4\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4f60\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf912306\u7f51\u7ad9\u9020\u6210\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7a0b\u5e8f\u62a2\u7968\u53ef\u80fd\u8fdd\u53cd12306\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6761\u6b3e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u524d\u9700\u8981\u4ed4\u7ec6\u9605\u8bfb\u76f8\u5173\u6761\u6b3e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1. \u9891\u7387\u63a7\u5236<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u5bf912306\u7f51\u7ad9\u9020\u6210\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u9891\u7387\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u540e\u52a0\u5165\u968f\u673a\u7684\u5ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u6a21\u62df\u6b63\u5e38\u7528\u6237\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

2. \u5408\u6cd5\u6027<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u524d\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4f60\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u3002\u4e86\u89e312306\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6761\u6b3e\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u56e0\u4e0d\u5f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u800c\u9762\u4e34\u6cd5\u5f8b\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001\u4f18\u5316\u62a2\u7968\u7b56\u7565<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u62a2\u7968\u7684\u6210\u529f\u7387\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f18\u5316\u62a2\u7968\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u8fd9\u5305\u62ec\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u3001\u5728\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u8fdb\u884c\u62a2\u7968\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u52a0\u5feb\u8bf7\u6c42\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1. \u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e14\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u6210\u529f\u7387\u3002\u5728\u62a2\u7968\u9ad8\u5cf0\u671f\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u548c\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8bf7\u6c42\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

2. \u65f6\u95f4\u9009\u62e9<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u8fdb\u884c\u62a2\u7968\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6210\u529f\u7387\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u8f66\u7968\u521a\u521a\u653e\u7968\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u8fdb\u884c\u62a2\u7968\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u7387\u901a\u5e38\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u516d\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u62a2\u7968\u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u52a0\u5feb\u8bf7\u6c42\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u9001\u591a\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u62a2\u7968\u7684\u6210\u529f\u7387\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u540c\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u62a2\u7968\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1. \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7f16\u7a0b<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

Python\u7684threading\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7f16\u7a0b\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

2. \u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u62a2\u7968\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u62a2\u7968\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u9ad8\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u91cf\u548c\u6210\u529f\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e03\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u62a2\u7968\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u662f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8bb0\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5e76\u89e3\u51b3\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u51fa\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\u65f6\u91c7\u53d6\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5d29\u6e83\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1. \u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

Python\u7684logging\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ea7\u522b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bb0\u5f55\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982\u8c03\u8bd5\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

2. \u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

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\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n

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\u5728\u4f7f\u7528Python\u62a2\u7968\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u95ee\u9898\uff1f<\/strong>
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