{"id":974740,"date":"2024-12-27T06:07:37","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T22:07:37","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2024-12-27T06:07:39","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T22:07:39","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%9f%a5%e7%9c%8bpython%e5%87%bd%e6%95%b0%e4%bb%a3%e7%a0%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/974740.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u67e5\u770bpython\u51fd\u6570\u4ee3\u7801"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5982\u4f55\u67e5\u770bpython\u51fd\u6570\u4ee3\u7801\"<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770bPython\u51fd\u6570\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528inspect<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u4f7f\u7528help()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u4f7f\u7528dir()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528inspect<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Python\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5176\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u67e5\u770b\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u67e5\u770bPython\u51fd\u6570\u4ee3\u7801\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u4f7f\u7528inspect<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u548c\u6ce8\u91ca\u7b49\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002inspect<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u662fPython\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7ec4\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6536\u96c6\u6709\u5173\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7inspect.getsource(function)<\/code>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u83b7\u53d6\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528INSPECT\u6a21\u5757<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

inspect<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u662fPython\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u6709\u5173\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u548c\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u83b7\u53d6\u51fd\u6570\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528inspect.getsource()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import inspect<\/p>\n
def sample_function():<\/p>\n
    """This is a sample function."""<\/p>\n
    print("Hello, World!")<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u51fd\u6570\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801<\/strong><\/h2>\n
source_code = inspect.getsource(sample_function)<\/p>\n
print(source_code)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cinspect.getsource(sample_function)<\/code>\u5c06\u8fd4\u56desample_function<\/code>\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u83b7\u53d6\u51fd\u6570\u7b7e\u540d<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
inspect.signature()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u53ca\u5176\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import inspect<\/p>\n
def another_function(a, b=5, *args, kwargs):<\/p>\n
    return a + b<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u51fd\u6570\u7b7e\u540d<\/strong><\/h2>\n
signature = inspect.signature(another_function)<\/p>\n
print(signature)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u8fd4\u56deanother_function<\/code>\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u53ca\u5176\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u7406\u89e3\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f88\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u51fd\u6570\u5c5e\u4e8e\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6a21\u5757\u6216\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u770b\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u4e86\u89e3\u5176\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee3\u7801\u7f16\u8f91\u5668<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5982PyCharm\u3001VSCode\u7b49\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5bfc\u822a\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6309\u4f4fCtrl\u952e\u5e76\u70b9\u51fb\u51fd\u6570\u540d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\u6240\u5728\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u77e5\u9053\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6253\u5f00\u5e76\u67e5\u770b\u76f8\u5e94\u7684.py<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u4f1a\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728Python\u73af\u5883\u7684site-packages<\/code>\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528HELP()\u51fd\u6570<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
help()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u662fPython\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u51fd\u6570\u6587\u6863<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
def example_function():<\/p>\n
    """This is an example function that prints a message."""<\/p>\n
    print("Hello, Python!")<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528help\u51fd\u6570\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u6863<\/strong><\/h2>\n
help(example_function)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
help(example_function)<\/code>\u5c06\u8f93\u51faexample_function<\/code>\u7684\u6587\u6863\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u548c\u7528\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u6a21\u5757\u6587\u6863<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
help()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u770b\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e86\u89e3\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6982\u8ff0\u548c\u4e3b\u8981\u7c7b\/\u51fd\u6570\u5f88\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import math<\/p>\n
\u67e5\u770b\u6a21\u5757\u6587\u6863<\/strong><\/h2>\n
help(math)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u4f7f\u7528DIR()\u51fd\u6570<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
dir()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u7c7b\u548c\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u6a21\u5757\u5185\u5bb9<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7dir()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u6a21\u5757\u5185\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6240\u6709\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u548c\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import os<\/p>\n
\u67e5\u770bos\u6a21\u5757\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/h2>\n
print(dir(os))<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u7c7b\u6216\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7c7b\u6216\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0cdir()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class SampleClass:<\/p>\n
    def method_one(self):<\/p>\n
        pass<\/p>\n
    def method_two(self):<\/p>\n
        pass<\/p>\n
\u67e5\u770b\u7c7b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
print(dir(SampleClass))<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u4f7f\u7528IPYTHON\u548cJUPYTER NOTEBOOK<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4f7f\u7528IPython\u6216\u8005Jupyter Notebook\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u5feb\u6377\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u51fd\u6570\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u95ee\u53f7\u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728IPython\u4e2d\uff0c\u8f93\u5165function_name?<\/code>\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u7b80\u8981\u6587\u6863\u548c\u7b7e\u540d\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
def test_function(x, y):<\/p>\n
    """Test function for demonstration."""<\/p>\n
    return x + y<\/p>\n
\u5728IPython\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165<\/strong><\/h2>\n
test_function?<\/strong><\/h2>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u53cc\u95ee\u53f7\u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u8f93\u5165function_name??<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u8fd9\u5728Jupyter Notebook\u4e2d\u5c24\u5176\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u5728IPython\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165<\/p>\n
test_function??<\/strong><\/h2>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3Python\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u770b\u51fd\u6570\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u610f\u56fe\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u67e5\u770b\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7684inspect<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5bfc\u5165inspect<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528inspect.getsource()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
import inspect\n\ndef example_function():\n    print("Hello, World!")\n\nprint(inspect.getsource(example_function))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ee3\u7801\u5c06\u8f93\u51faexample_function<\/code>\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u67e5\u770bPython\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1f<\/strong>
\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u96c6\u6210\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883\uff08IDE\uff09\u5982PyCharm\u3001VSCode\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u901a\u5e38\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u67e5\u770b\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u70b9\u51fb\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u5e76\u9009\u62e9\u201c\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\u5b9a\u4e49\u201d\u6216\u201c\u67e5\u770b\u5b9e\u73b0\u201d\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u4e86\u89e3\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cJupyter Notebook\u4e5f\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee3\u7801\u5355\u5143\u76f4\u63a5\u67e5\u770b\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u67e5\u770b\u5176\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u9605\u5176\u6587\u6863\u6216\u76f4\u63a5\u5728Python\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528inspect<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5e93\u662f\u901a\u8fc7pip\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Python\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528inspect.getsource()<\/code>\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u8be5\u5e93\u7684GitHub\u9875\u9762\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u5927\u578b\u5e93\uff0c\u6587\u6863\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u94fe\u63a5\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u7528\u6237\u67e5\u9605\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u67e5\u770b\u67d0\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6587\u6863\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff1f<\/strong>
\u8981\u67e5\u770bPython\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6587\u6863\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7684help()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u51fd\u6570\u7684__doc__<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
def example_function():\n    """\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u51fd\u6570\u3002"""\n    pass\n\nprint(example_function.__doc__)\nhelp(example_function)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
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