{"id":974695,"date":"2024-12-27T06:07:15","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T22:07:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/974695.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T06:07:17","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T22:07:17","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%94%a8python%e8%b0%83%e7%94%a8%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/974695.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u7528python\u8c03\u7528\u6587\u4ef6"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align:center;\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-kb.worktile.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/24200305\/552b2418-6237-45c0-b6ce-c5d6dd9101b9.webp\" alt=\"\u5982\u4f55\u7528python\u8c03\u7528\u6587\u4ef6\" \/><\/p>\n<p><p> <strong>\u4f7f\u7528Python\u8c03\u7528\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570open()\u3001\u4f7f\u7528with\u8bed\u53e5\u3001\u5229\u7528os\u6a21\u5757\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b49\u3002\u6bcf\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u7528\u9014\u548c\u4f18\u52bf\u3002<\/strong> \u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528open()\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>open()\u51fd\u6570\u662fPython\u4e2d\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5b83\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u6216\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u6253\u5f00\u548c\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528open()\u51fd\u6570\u4ee5&#39;r&#39;\uff08\u8bfb\u53d6\uff09\u6a21\u5f0f\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528read()\u3001readline()\u6216readlines()\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/li>\n<\/p>\n<\/ol>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\"># \u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6<\/p>\n<p>file = open(&#39;example.txt&#39;, &#39;r&#39;)<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>content = file.read()<\/p>\n<p>print(content)<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>file.close()<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>\u8981\u5411\u6587\u4ef6\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528open()\u51fd\u6570\u4ee5&#39;w&#39;\uff08\u5199\u5165\uff09\u6216&#39;a&#39;\uff08\u8ffd\u52a0\uff09\u6a21\u5f0f\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528write()\u6216writelines()\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/p>\n<\/ol>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\"># \u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u5199\u5165<\/p>\n<p>file = open(&#39;example.txt&#39;, &#39;w&#39;)<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>file.write(&#39;Hello, world!&#39;)<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>file.close()<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528with\u8bed\u53e5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4f7f\u7528with\u8bed\u53e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u6b63\u786e\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5fd8\u8bb0\u8c03\u7528close()\u65b9\u6cd5\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6587\u4ef6\u8d44\u6e90\u672a\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\"># \u4f7f\u7528with\u8bed\u53e5\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>with open(&#39;example.txt&#39;, &#39;r&#39;) as file:<\/p>\n<p>    # \u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n<p>    content = file.read()<\/p>\n<p>    print(content)<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u79bb\u5f00with\u8bed\u53e5\u5757\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u5173\u95ed<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\"># \u4f7f\u7528with\u8bed\u53e5\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>with open(&#39;example.txt&#39;, &#39;w&#39;) as file:<\/p>\n<p>    file.write(&#39;Hello, Python!&#39;)<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u79bb\u5f00with\u8bed\u53e5\u5757\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u5173\u95ed<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528os\u6a21\u5757<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>os\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u68c0\u67e5\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u3002os\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86os.path.exists()\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n<\/p>\n<\/ol>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import os<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u68c0\u67e5\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>if os.path.exists(&#39;example.txt&#39;):<\/p>\n<p>    print(&#39;\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728&#39;)<\/p>\n<p>else:<\/p>\n<p>    print(&#39;\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728&#39;)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>os\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528os.remove()\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/p>\n<\/ol>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\"># \u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>os.remove(&#39;example.txt&#39;)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528os.rename()\u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/p>\n<\/ol>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\"># \u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>os.rename(&#39;old_name.txt&#39;, &#39;new_name.txt&#39;)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u56db\u3001\u4f7f\u7528pandas\u5e93\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5bf9\u4e8eCSV\u7b49\u8868\u683c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0cpandas\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u4e3a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u5904\u7406\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u76f4\u63a5\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e3aDataFrame\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import pandas as pd<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u4f7f\u7528pandas\u8bfb\u53d6CSV\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>df = pd.read_csv(&#39;data.csv&#39;)<\/p>\n<p>print(df.head())<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e94\u3001\u4f7f\u7528json\u6a21\u5757\u8bfb\u53d6JSON\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5bf9\u4e8eJSON\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0cjson\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u5199\u5165\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u8bfb\u53d6JSON\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import json<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u6253\u5f00JSON\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u8bfb\u53d6\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>with open(&#39;data.json&#39;, &#39;r&#39;) as file:<\/p>\n<p>    data = json.load(file)<\/p>\n<p>print(data)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\u5199\u5165JSON\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\"># \u5199\u5165JSON\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>with open(&#39;data.json&#39;, &#39;w&#39;) as file:<\/p>\n<p>    json.dump(data, file, indent=4)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u516d\u3001\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u5f02\u5e38<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u5982\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8db3\u7b49\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528try-except\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u6355\u83b7\u548c\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">try:<\/p>\n<p>    with open(&#39;example.txt&#39;, &#39;r&#39;) as file:<\/p>\n<p>        content = file.read()<\/p>\n<p>        print(content)<\/p>\n<p>except FileNotFoundError:<\/p>\n<p>    print(&#39;\u6587\u4ef6\u672a\u627e\u5230&#39;)<\/p>\n<p>except PermissionError:<\/p>\n<p>    print(&#39;\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8db3&#39;)<\/p>\n<p>except Exception as e:<\/p>\n<p>    print(f&#39;\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef: {e}&#39;)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e03\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Python\u4e2d\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u8c03\u7528\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4ece\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u5230\u590d\u6742\u7684JSON\u548cCSV\u6587\u4ef6\u5904\u7406\uff0cPython\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u5e93\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u66f4\u52a0\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u6548\u7387\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> <strong>\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7684<code>open()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>read()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bfb\u53d6\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528<code>readline()<\/code>\u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a  <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">with open(&#39;example.txt&#39;, &#39;r&#39;) as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4f7f\u7528<code>with<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u786e\u4fdd\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u540e\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u5173\u95ed\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528Python\u8c03\u7528\u54ea\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>Python\u4e0d\u4ec5\u652f\u6301\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5305\u62ecCSV\u3001JSON\u3001Excel\u7b49\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u5982<code>csv<\/code>\u3001<code>json<\/code>\u548c<code>pandas<\/code>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8bfb\u53d6CSV\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a  <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">import pandas as pd\ndata = pd.read_csv(&#39;data.csv&#39;)\nprint(data.head())\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5904\u7406\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>open()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u4ee5\u5199\u5165\u6a21\u5f0f\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\uff08<code>&#39;w&#39;<\/code>\u6216<code>&#39;a&#39;<\/code>\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528<code>write()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528<code>&#39;w&#39;<\/code>\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u4f1a\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\uff1b\u4f7f\u7528<code>&#39;a&#39;<\/code>\u6a21\u5f0f\u5219\u4f1a\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e\u8ffd\u52a0\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a  <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">with open(&#39;output.txt&#39;, &#39;w&#39;) as file:\n    file.write(&#39;Hello, World!\\n&#39;)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u751f\u6210\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u4fdd\u5b58\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u4f7f\u7528Python\u8c03\u7528\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570open()\u3001\u4f7f\u7528with\u8bed\u53e5\u3001\u5229\u7528os\u6a21\u5757\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c [&hellip;]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":974707,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/974695"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=974695"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/974695\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":974711,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/974695\/revisions\/974711"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/974707"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=974695"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=974695"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=974695"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}