def add_numbers(x, y):<\/p>\n assert isinstance(x, int), "First argument must be an integer"<\/p>\n
assert isinstance(y, int), "Second argument must be an integer"<\/p>\n
return x + y<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u65ad\u8a00\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5\u9636\u6bb5\u6355\u83b7\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5173\u952e\u53d8\u91cf\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u5229\u7528Python\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u5982int()<\/code>\u3001float()<\/code>\u3001str()<\/code>\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u663e\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u53d8\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\ndef add_numbers(x, y):<\/p>\n try:<\/p>\n
return int(x) + int(y)<\/p>\n
except ValueError:<\/p>\n
raise TypeError("Both arguments must be convertible to integers")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u51fd\u6570add_numbers<\/code>\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c06\u53c2\u6570x<\/code>\u548cy<\/code>\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8f6c\u6362\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u629b\u51faTypeError<\/code>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u51fd\u6570\u5904\u7406\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u6301\u5bf9\u7c7b\u578b\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u9632\u62a4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n\u4e94\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5de5\u5177\u8fdb\u884c\u9759\u6001\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a\u548c\u65ad\u8a00\uff0cPython\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8fd8\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u68c0\u6d4b\u7c7b\u578b\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cmypy<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u9759\u6001\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u9636\u6bb5\u5206\u6790\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u5e76\u62a5\u544a\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n\n- \u5b89\u88c5
mypy<\/code>\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\npip install mypy<\/p>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\n- \u4f7f\u7528
mypy<\/code>\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\nmypy your_script.py<\/p>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528mypy<\/code>\u8fdb\u884c\u9759\u6001\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6355\u83b7\u8bb8\u591a\u7c7b\u578b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n\u516d\u3001\u91c7\u7528\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\uff08OOP\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4ee3\u7801\u5e76\u51cf\u5c11\u7c7b\u578b\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u63a7\u5236\u6570\u636e\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u7c7b\u578b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\n- \u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u548c\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
class Calculator:<\/p>\n def __init__(self):<\/p>\n
self.result = 0<\/p>\n
def add(self, x: int, y: int) -> int:<\/p>\n
return x + y<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\n- \u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
calc = Calculator()<\/p>\nprint(calc.add(5, 3))<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u529f\u80fd\u5c01\u88c5\u5728\u7c7b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u6570\u636e\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u7c7b\u578b\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u7f16\u5199\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u7f16\u5199\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee3\u7801\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u51cf\u5c11\u7c7b\u578b\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u51fd\u6570\u7f16\u5199\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u51fd\u6570\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u8f93\u5165\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ca\u65e9\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u4fee\u590d\u7c7b\u578b\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\n- \u4f7f\u7528
unittest<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\nimport unittest<\/p>\nclass TestCalculator(unittest.TestCase):<\/p>\n
def test_add(self):<\/p>\n
calc = Calculator()<\/p>\n
self.assertEqual(calc.add(5, 3), 8)<\/p>\n
self.assertRaises(TypeError, calc.add, '5', 3)<\/p>\n
if __name__ == '__main__':<\/p>\n
unittest.main()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\n- \u8fd0\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
python -m unittest your_test_script.py<\/p>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u5199\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ee3\u7801\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u8f93\u5165\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516b\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u662f\u5904\u7406\u7c7b\u578b\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u6548\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6355\u83b7\u548c\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4f18\u96c5\u5730\u5904\u7406\u7c7b\u578b\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8ba9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5d29\u6e83\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
def add_numbers(x, y):<\/p>\n try:<\/p>\n
return int(x) + int(y)<\/p>\n
except ValueError as e:<\/p>\n
print(f"Error: {e}")<\/p>\n
return None<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u51fd\u6570add_numbers<\/code>\u6355\u83b7ValueError<\/code>\u5e76\u6253\u5370\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8ba9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5d29\u6e83\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u7c7b\u578b\u9519\u8bef\u65f6\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n\u4e5d\u3001\u9075\u5faaPython\u60ef\u7528\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u9075\u5faaPython\u60ef\u7528\u6cd5\uff08Pythonic way\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7f16\u5199\u66f4\u7b80\u6d01\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u7c7b\u578b\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u3002Python\u7684\u60ef\u7528\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u5217\u8868\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f\u548c\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\n- \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]<\/p>\nprint(sum(numbers))<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\n- \u4f7f\u7528\u5217\u8868\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
squared_numbers = [x2 for x in numbers]<\/p>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\n- \u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
with open('file.txt', 'r') as file:<\/p>\n content = file.read()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u9075\u5faaPython\u60ef\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u5199\u66f4\u5177\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u7c7b\u578b\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u603b\u7ed3<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\u907f\u514d\u7c7b\u578b\u9519\u8bef\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a\u3001\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u65ad\u8a00\u3001\u5229\u7528Python\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u91c7\u7528\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u3001\u7f16\u5199\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u548c\u9075\u5faaPython\u60ef\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u51cf\u5c11\u7c7b\u578b\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7f16\u5199\u66f4\u53ef\u9760\u548c\u5065\u58ee\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5904\u7406\u7c7b\u578b\u9519\u8bef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u5065\u58ee\u6027\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u7c7b\u578b\u9519\u8bef\u901a\u5e38\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bf9\u4e0d\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u5065\u58ee\u6027\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5982try-except\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u6765\u6355\u83b7\u5e76\u5904\u7406\u7c7b\u578b\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u6ce8\u89e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5728\u7f16\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u65f6\u660e\u786e\u9884\u671f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u7c7b\u578b\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n\u5728Python\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u9632\u6b62\u7c7b\u578b\u9519\u8bef\uff1f<\/strong>
\u662f\u7684\uff0cPython\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5982mypy\u548cPyright\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u8fd0\u884c\u4e4b\u524d\u68c0\u67e5\u7c7b\u578b\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53d1\u73b0\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u7531\u4e8e\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u826f\u597d\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e60\u60ef\u6765\u907f\u514dPython\u4e2d\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u9519\u8bef\uff1f<\/strong>
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