{"id":969840,"date":"2024-12-27T05:20:38","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T21:20:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/969840.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T05:20:40","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T21:20:40","slug":"python%e5%ba%94%e7%94%a8%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0%e5%8d%87%e7%ba%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/969840.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5e94\u7528\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u5347\u7ea7"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align:center;\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-kb.worktile.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/24183930\/15a98d7e-2552-497f-bb96-00f41529912d.webp\" alt=\"python\u5e94\u7528\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u5347\u7ea7\" \/><\/p>\n<p><p> <strong>Python\u5e94\u7528\u5b9e\u73b0\u5347\u7ea7\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u3001\u4f9d\u8d56\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u6301\u7eed\u96c6\u6210\u548c\u90e8\u7f72\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/blog\/devops\/52691.html\" target=\"_blank\">CI\/CD<\/a>\uff09\u3001\u826f\u597d\u7684\u6587\u6863\u8bb0\u5f55\u3001\u7528\u6237\u53cd\u9988\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b65\u9aa4\u5171\u540c\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86Python\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u5e73\u7a33\u5347\u7ea7\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4e2d\u65ad\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f<strong>\u4f7f\u7528\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u548c\u4f9d\u8d56\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177<\/strong>\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u56e0\u73af\u5883\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4f7f\u7528\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u548c\u4f9d\u8d56\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u662fPython\u5e94\u7528\u5347\u7ea7\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5728\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5305\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5373\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6709\u591a\u4e2aPython\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f9d\u8d56\u51b2\u7a81\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u6709<code>venv<\/code>\u548c<code>virtualenv<\/code>\u3002\u5728\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8bf8\u5982<code>pip<\/code>\u548c<code>pipenv<\/code>\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u7cbe\u786e\u7ba1\u7406\u5e94\u7528\u6240\u9700\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5305\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u5347\u7ea7\u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5305\u90fd\u5728\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7248\u672c\u4e0a\u3002\u4f9d\u8d56\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u597d\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5feb\u901f\u5730\u590d\u5236\u548c\u8fc1\u79fb\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5728\u5347\u7ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u8bd5\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4f7f\u7528\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u662f\u7ba1\u7406Python\u5e94\u7528\u5347\u7ea7\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u521b\u5efa\u72ec\u7acb\u7684Python\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u540c\u9879\u76ee\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5305\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4f7f\u7528<code>venv<\/code>\u6216<code>virtualenv<\/code>\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u521b\u5efa\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u3002\u521b\u5efa\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u540e\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8be5\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5b89\u88c5\u5e94\u7528\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4f9d\u8d56\u5305\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u5168\u5c40Python\u73af\u5883\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5347\u7ea7\u65f6\u9a8c\u8bc1\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-bash\">python3 -m venv myenv<\/p>\n<p>source myenv\/bin\/activate  # \u6fc0\u6d3b\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u9694\u79bb\u4f9d\u8d56<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5305\u90fd\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5347\u7ea7\u67d0\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5305\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u4ed6\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u52a0\u81ea\u4fe1\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u4f9d\u8d56\u5305\u7684\u5347\u7ea7\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>\u4e8c\u3001\u4f9d\u8d56\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4f9d\u8d56\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7ba1\u7406\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4f9d\u8d56\u5305\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7248\u672c\u548c\u5b89\u88c5\u987a\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u4f7f\u7528<code>pip<\/code>\u548c<code>requirements.txt<\/code><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><code>pip<\/code>\u662fPython\u7684\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u5b89\u88c5\u3001\u5347\u7ea7\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5305\u3002<code>requirements.txt<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u5219\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u5e94\u7528\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5305\u53ca\u5176\u7248\u672c\u3002\u5728\u5347\u7ea7\u5e94\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0<code>requirements.txt<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528<code>pip install -r requirements.txt<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u4f9d\u8d56\u5305\u7684\u7248\u672c\u90fd\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u5b89\u88c5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-bash\">pip freeze &gt; requirements.txt  # \u751f\u6210\u4f9d\u8d56\u5305\u5217\u8868<\/p>\n<p>pip install -r requirements.txt  # \u5b89\u88c5\u4f9d\u8d56\u5305<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u4f7f\u7528<code>pipenv<\/code><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><code>pipenv<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86<code>pip<\/code>\u548c<code>virtualenv<\/code>\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<code>Pipfile<\/code>\u548c<code>Pipfile.lock<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5305\u53ca\u5176\u7cbe\u786e\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4f9d\u8d56\u5305\u7248\u672c\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-bash\">pipenv install  # \u5b89\u88c5\u4f9d\u8d56\u5305<\/p>\n<p>pipenv lock  # \u9501\u5b9a\u4f9d\u8d56\u5305\u7248\u672c<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>\u4e09\u3001\u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u7ba1\u7406Python\u5e94\u7528\u5347\u7ea7\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u5982Git\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bb0\u5f55\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u6240\u6709\u66f4\u6539\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u56de\u6eda\u5230\u5148\u524d\u7248\u672c\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u4f7f\u7528Git\u7ba1\u7406\u4ee3\u7801<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>Git\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u901a\u8fc7Git\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bb0\u5f55\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u6240\u6709\u66f4\u6539\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u5206\u652f\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e8e\u5e76\u884c\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u56de\u6eda\u5230\u5148\u524d\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-bash\">git init  # \u521d\u59cb\u5316Git\u4ed3\u5e93<\/p>\n<p>git add .  # \u6dfb\u52a0\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u6682\u5b58\u533a<\/p>\n<p>git commit -m &quot;Initial commit&quot;  # \u63d0\u4ea4\u66f4\u6539<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u5206\u652f\u7b56\u7565<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u5e94\u7528\u5347\u7ea7\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u652f\u7b56\u7565\uff08\u5982Git Flow\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u6539\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5206\u652f\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5bf9\u4e3b\u5206\u652f\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>\u56db\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5e94\u7528\u5347\u7ea7\u540e\u4f9d\u7136\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5347\u7ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u73b0\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u662f\u5bf9\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u6a21\u5757\u8fdb\u884c\u72ec\u7acb\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u5982<code>unittest<\/code>\u6216<code>pytest<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u5199\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u5347\u7ea7\u540e\u8fd0\u884c\u6240\u6709\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import unittest<\/p>\n<p>class TestMath(unittest.TestCase):<\/p>\n<p>    def test_add(self):<\/p>\n<p>        self.assertEqual(1 + 1, 2)<\/p>\n<p>if __name__ == &#39;__m<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/blog\/59162.html\" target=\"_blank\">AI<\/a>n__&#39;:<\/p>\n<p>    unittest.main()<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u96c6\u6210\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u96c6\u6210\u6d4b\u8bd5\u662f\u5bf9\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u8fdb\u884c\u8054\u5408\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u534f\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u5347\u7ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u96c6\u6210\u6d4b\u8bd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53d1\u73b0\u6a21\u5757\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>\u4e94\u3001\u6301\u7eed\u96c6\u6210\u548c\u90e8\u7f72\uff08CI\/CD\uff09<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u6301\u7eed\u96c6\u6210\u548c\u90e8\u7f72\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5728\u5347\u7ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6784\u5efa\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u90e8\u7f72\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u4f7f\u7528CI\u5de5\u5177<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>CI\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u5982Jenkins\u3001Travis CI\u3001GitHub 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