![\"xml\u5982\u4f55\u7528Python\u89e3\u6790\"](\"https:\/\/cdn-kb.worktile.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/24183724\/22eb29df-b2bb-4f56-a4cd-72e16ad0be78.webp\")
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528Python\u89e3\u6790XML\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684 \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u89e3\u6790XML\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5177\u4f53\u793a\u4f8b\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u9002\u5408\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n xml_data = """<data><\/p>\n <country name="Liechtenstein"><\/p>\n <rank>1<\/rank><\/p>\n <year>2008<\/year><\/p>\n <\/country><\/p>\n <\/data>"""<\/p>\n root = ET.fromstring(xml_data)<\/p>\n for country in root.findall('country'):<\/p>\n name = country.get('name')<\/p>\n rank = country.find('rank').text<\/p>\n print(f"Country: {name}, Rank: {rank}")<\/p>\n <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528 ElementTree\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u4fee\u6539XML\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n new_country = ET.Element('country', name='Newland')<\/p>\n rank = ET.SubElement(new_country, 'rank')<\/p>\n rank.text = '3'<\/p>\n root.append(new_country)<\/p>\n ET.dump(root)<\/p>\n <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n \u901a\u8fc7 \u4fee\u6539\u540e\u7684XML\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u5b58\u56de\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n tree.write('output.xml', encoding='utf-8', xml_declaration=True)<\/p>\n <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n \u8fd9\u5c06\u4f1a\u628a\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u7684XML\u7ed3\u6784\u5199\u5165\u5230 \u4e0e xmldoc = minidom.parseString(xml_data)<\/p>\n countries = xmldoc.getElementsByTagName('country')<\/p>\n for country in countries:<\/p>\n name = country.getAttribute('name')<\/p>\n rank = country.getElementsByTagName('rank')[0].firstChild.nodeValue<\/p>\n print(f"Country: {name}, Rank: {rank}")<\/p>\n <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n doc = minidom.Document()<\/p>\n root = doc.createElement('data')<\/p>\n doc.appendChild(root)<\/p>\n country = doc.createElement('country')<\/p>\n country.setAttribute('name', 'Newland')<\/p>\n root.appendChild(country)<\/p>\n rank = doc.createElement('rank')<\/p>\n rank.appendChild(doc.createTextNode('3'))<\/p>\n country.appendChild(rank)<\/p>\n print(doc.toprettyxml(indent=" "))<\/p>\n <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n \u901a\u8fc7 \u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5 <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n \u4f7f\u7528 root = etree.fromstring(xml_data)<\/p>\n for country in root.findall('country'):<\/p>\n name = country.get('name')<\/p>\n rank = country.find('rank').text<\/p>\n print(f"Country: {name}, Rank: {rank}")<\/p>\n <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n for country in root.xpath('\/\/country'):<\/p>\n name = country.get('name')<\/p>\n rank = country.xpath('rank\/text()')[0]<\/p>\n print(f"Country: {name}, Rank: {rank}")<\/p>\n <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n XPath\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u6761\u4ef6\u7b5b\u9009\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n xmlns:xsl="http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/XSL\/Transform"><\/p>\n <xsl:template match="\/"><\/p>\n <html><\/p>\n <body><\/p>\n <h2>Countries<\/h2><\/p>\n <ul><\/p>\n <xsl:for-each select="data\/country"><\/p>\n <li><xsl:value-of select="@name"\/>: <xsl:value-of select="rank"\/><\/li><\/p>\n <\/xsl:for-each><\/p>\n <\/ul><\/p>\n <\/body><\/p>\n <\/html><\/p>\n <\/xsl:template><\/p>\n <\/xsl:stylesheet>''')<\/p>\n transform = etree.XSLT(xslt_root)<\/p>\n result = transform(root)<\/p>\n print(str(result))<\/p>\n <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n \u901a\u8fc7XSLT\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06XML\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u4e3aHTML\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u683c\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n \u9996\u5148\u5b89\u88c5 <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n \u4f7f\u7528 soup = BeautifulSoup(xml_data, 'xml')<\/p>\n for country in soup.find_all('country'):<\/p>\n name = country['name']<\/p>\n rank = country.rank.string<\/p>\n print(f"Country: {name}, Rank: {rank}")<\/p>\n <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n \u5728\u5904\u7406\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684XML\u65f6\uff0c irregular_xml = """<data><\/p>\n <country name="Unknown"><\/p>\n <rank>unknown<\/rank><\/p>\n <country name="Newland"><\/p>\n <rank>3<\/rank><\/p>\n <\/data>"""<\/p>\n soup = BeautifulSoup(irregular_xml, 'xml')<\/p>\n for country in soup.find_all('country'):<\/p>\n print(f"Country: {country.get('name')}, Rank: {country.rank.string}")<\/p>\n <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c \u5728Python\u4e2d\u89e3\u6790XML\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002 \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u89e3\u6790XML\u6587\u4ef6\uff1f<\/strong> Python\u89e3\u6790XML\u65f6\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff1f<\/strong> \u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u89e3\u6790\u540e\u7684XML\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u683c\u5f0f\uff1f<\/strong>xml.etree.ElementTree<\/code>\u3001minidom<\/code>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u5982lxml<\/code>\u3001BeautifulSoup<\/code>\u7b49\u3002\u6bcf\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff0cxml.etree.ElementTree<\/code>\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\u3001\u9002\u5408\u5927\u591a\u6570XML\u89e3\u6790\u4efb\u52a1\uff0clxml<\/code>\u529f\u80fd\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u3001\u652f\u6301XPath\u548cXSLT\uff0cBeautifulSoup<\/code>\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219\u7684XML\u6216HTML\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5e38\u89c1\u7684XML\u89e3\u6790\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528xml.etree.ElementTree<\/code>\u5e93\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528
xml.etree.ElementTree<\/code>\u89e3\u6790XML<\/strong><\/h2>\nxml.etree.ElementTree<\/code>\u662fPython\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u4e14\u9ad8\u6548\u7684API\u6765\u5904\u7406XML\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n1\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
xml.etree.ElementTree<\/code>\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u4ece\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6216\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u89e3\u6790XML\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\nimport xml.etree.ElementTree as ET<\/p>\n\u4ece\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u89e3\u6790XML<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u89e3\u6790XML<\/strong><\/h2>\n
tree = ET.parse('data.xml')<\/strong><\/h2>\n
root = tree.getroot()<\/strong><\/h2>\n
fromstring()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u4eceXML\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u89e3\u6790\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u904d\u5386country<\/code>\u5143\u7d20\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n2\u3001\u4fee\u6539XML<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
# \u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u5143\u7d20<\/p>\n\u8f93\u51fa\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u7684XML<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Element<\/code>\u548cSubElement<\/code>\u7c7b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u5b50\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n3\u3001\u4fdd\u5b58XML<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
tree = ET.ElementTree(root)<\/p>\noutput.xml<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528
minidom<\/code>\u89e3\u6790XML<\/strong><\/h2>\nminidom<\/code>\u4e5f\u662fPython\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u6587\u6863\u5bf9\u8c61\u6a21\u578b\uff08DOM\uff09\u652f\u6301\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n1\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
ElementTree<\/code>\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528minidom<\/code>\u89e3\u6790XML\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\nfrom xml.dom import minidom<\/p>\n\u89e3\u6790XML\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20<\/strong><\/h2>\n
minidom<\/code>\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5bf9DOM\u7684\u5168\u9762\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742XML\u7ed3\u6784\u65f6\u66f4\u52a0\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n2\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u4fee\u6539XML<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
minidom<\/code>\u652f\u6301\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684XML\u6587\u6863\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n# \u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u6587\u6863<\/p>\n\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u8f93\u51faXML<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Document<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684XML\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7createElement<\/code>\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528
lxml<\/code>\u89e3\u6790XML<\/strong><\/h2>\nlxml<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n1\u3001\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
lxml<\/code>\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\npip install lxml<\/p>\nlxml<\/code>\u89e3\u6790XML\u4e0eElementTree<\/code>\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\nfrom lxml import etree<\/p>\n\u89e3\u6790XML<\/strong><\/h2>\n
2\u3001XPath\u652f\u6301<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
lxml<\/code>\u652f\u6301XPath\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20\u66f4\u52a0\u7075\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n# \u4f7f\u7528XPath\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20<\/p>\n3\u3001XSLT\u652f\u6301<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
lxml<\/code>\u8fd8\u652f\u6301XSLT\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06XML\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u683c\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\nxslt_root = etree.XML('''<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"<\/p>\n\u56db\u3001\u4f7f\u7528
BeautifulSoup<\/code>\u89e3\u6790XML<\/strong><\/h2>\nBeautifulSoup<\/code>\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u6790HTML\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8eXML\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5f53XML\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219\u65f6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n1\u3001\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
BeautifulSoup<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\npip install beautifulsoup4<\/p>\nBeautifulSoup<\/code>\u89e3\u6790XML\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\nfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoup<\/p>\n\u89e3\u6790XML<\/strong><\/h2>\n
BeautifulSoup<\/code>\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7075\u6d3b\u7684API\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219\u7684XML\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n2\u3001\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219XML<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
BeautifulSoup<\/code>\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n# \u5047\u8bbeXML\u4e2d\u6709\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\nBeautifulSoup<\/code>\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u6790\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u7684XML\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n\u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/h2>\n
xml.etree.ElementTree<\/code>\u9002\u5408\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7b80\u5355\u4efb\u52a1\uff0cminidom<\/code>\u63d0\u4f9b\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684DOM\u652f\u6301\uff0clxml<\/code>\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u652f\u6301XPath\u548cXSLT\uff0c\u800cBeautifulSoup<\/code>\u5219\u9002\u5408\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219\u7684XML\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u5c06\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5904\u7406XML\u6570\u636e\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u9009\u62e9\u54ea\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7Python\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u8f7b\u677e\u5b9e\u73b0XML\u89e3\u6790\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\u89e3\u6790XML\u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u5e93\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6709xml.etree.ElementTree<\/code>\u3001lxml<\/code>\u548cxmltodict<\/code>\u3002ElementTree<\/code>\u662fPython\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u5904\u7406\u7b80\u5355\u7684XML\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u7684XML\u6587\u6863\u6216\u8005\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u89e3\u6790\uff0clxml<\/code>\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u4f7f\u7528xmltodict<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06XML\u6587\u4ef6\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aPython\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u66f4\u52a0\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u89e3\u6790XML\u65f6\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u5e38\u5e38\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5982XML\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u3001\u7f3a\u5c11\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\u6216\u5c5e\u6027\u3001\u7f16\u7801\u95ee\u9898\u7b49\u3002\u786e\u4fddXML\u6587\u4ef6\u7b26\u5408\u6807\u51c6\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u4e5f\u5e94\u5f53\u5230\u4f4d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528try-except<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u6355\u83b7\u89e3\u6790\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5065\u58ee\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
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