{"id":967967,"date":"2024-12-27T05:02:28","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T21:02:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/967967.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T05:02:30","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T21:02:30","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%94%a8python%e5%af%bc%e5%85%a5txt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/967967.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u7528python\u5bfc\u5165txt"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5982\u4f55\u7528python\u5bfc\u5165txt\"<\/p>\n

\u7528Python\u5bfc\u5165TXT\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528open()\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u4f7f\u7528pandas\u5e93\u3001\u4f7f\u7528numpy\u5e93\u3002open()\u51fd\u6570\u662fPython\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\uff1bpandas\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86read_csv()\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aDataFrame\u683c\u5f0f\uff1bnumpy\u5e93\u7684loadtxt()\u51fd\u6570\u80fd\u591f\u9ad8\u6548\u52a0\u8f7d\u6570\u503c\u578b\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/strong>\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528open()\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528Python\u5185\u7f6e\u7684open()\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u8bfb\u53d6txt\u6587\u4ef6\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u6253\u5f00\u548c\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u8981\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2atxt\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528open()\u51fd\u6570\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u63a5\u53d7\u4e24\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff1a\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u2018r\u2019\u8868\u793a\u8bfb\u53d6\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    file_path = 'example.txt'<\/p>\n
    with open(file_path, 'r') as file:<\/p>\n
        data = file.readlines()<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cfile_path\u662ftxt\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u4f7f\u7528with\u8bed\u53e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e\u6b63\u786e\u5173\u95ed\u3002readlines()\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53bb\u9664\u6bcf\u884c\u672b\u5c3e\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      data = [line.strip() for line in data]<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u8fd9\u6837\uff0cdata\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5c31\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u884c\u6587\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528pandas\u5e93<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      pandas\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u5e93\uff0c\u5b83\u7684read_csv()\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u8bfb\u53d6txt\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \u5b89\u88c5pandas\u5e93<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \u5982\u679c\u5c1a\u672a\u5b89\u88c5pandas\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        pip install pandas<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. \u8bfb\u53d6txt\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \u4f7f\u7528pandas\u8bfb\u53d6txt\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9017\u53f7\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u540c\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          import pandas as pd<\/p>\n
          file_path = 'example.txt'<\/p>\n
          df = pd.read_csv(file_path, sep='\\t')  # \u5047\u8bbe\u6587\u4ef6\u4ee5\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u5206\u9694<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \n
          1. \u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            pandas\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e3aDataFrame\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            print(df.head())  # \u67e5\u770b\u524d\u51e0\u884c\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528numpy\u5e93<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            numpy\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86loadtxt()\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u52a0\u8f7d\u6570\u503c\u578b\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              \n
            1. \u5b89\u88c5numpy\u5e93<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
              \u5982\u679c\u5c1a\u672a\u5b89\u88c5numpy\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              pip install numpy<\/p>\n
              <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                \n
              1. \u8bfb\u53d6txt\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                \u4f7f\u7528numpy\u7684loadtxt()\u8bfb\u53d6txt\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                import numpy as np<\/p>\n
                file_path = 'example.txt'<\/p>\n
                data = np.loadtxt(file_path, delimiter=',', dtype=float)<\/p>\n
                <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                  \n
                1. \u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                  numpy\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u503c\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                  print(data.shape)  # \u67e5\u770b\u6570\u636e\u7ef4\u5ea6<\/p>\n
                  <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                  \u56db\u3001\u5904\u7406\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5efa\u8bae<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                  \u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u5757\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                    \n
                  1. \u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u7684txt\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5185\u5b58\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                    file_path = 'large_file.txt'<\/p>\n
                    with open(file_path, 'r') as file:<\/p>\n
                        for line in file:<\/p>\n
                            process(line)  # \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n
                    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                      \n
                    1. \u5206\u5757\u8bfb\u53d6<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                      pandas\u7684read_csv()\u51fd\u6570\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86chunksize\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5206\u5757\u8bfb\u53d6\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                      file_path = 'large_file.txt'<\/p>\n
                      chunk_size = 1000<\/p>\n
                      for chunk in pd.read_csv(file_path, sep='\\t', chunksize=chunk_size):<\/p>\n
                          process(chunk)  # \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n
                      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                      \u4e94\u3001\u603b\u7ed3\u4e0e\u4f18\u5316<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                      \u5728\u9009\u62e9\u8bfb\u53d6txt\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u6839\u636e\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f\u548c\u5927\u5c0f\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0copen()\u51fd\u6570\u8db3\u4ee5\u80dc\u4efb\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u636e\uff0cpandas\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6570\u503c\u578b\u6570\u636e\uff0cnumpy\u662f\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u9010\u884c\u6216\u5206\u5757\u8bfb\u53d6\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u9009\u62e9\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5b8c\u6210txt\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5bfc\u5165\u548c\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                      \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
                       \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6TXT\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1f<\/strong>
                      \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7684open()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8bfb\u53d6TXT\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528open()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u4f7f\u7528read()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bfb\u53d6\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528readlines()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
                      with open('yourfile.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                      \u786e\u4fdd\u6307\u5b9a\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u7f16\u7801\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u8bfb\u53d6\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n
                      \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u54ea\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5904\u7406TXT\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff1f<\/strong>
                      \u5904\u7406TXT\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u5e93\uff08\u5982Pandas\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684split()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u5185\u5bb9\u5206\u5272\u6210\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u63d0\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f7f\u7528Pandas\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u5c06TXT\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u6846\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n
                      import pandas as pd\n\ndata = pd.read_csv('yourfile.txt', delimiter="\\t")  # \u5047\u8bbe\u6587\u4ef6\u7528\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u5206\u9694\nprint(data)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                      \u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u8bfb\u53d6TXT\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff1f<\/strong>
                      \u5728\u8bfb\u53d6TXT\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u672a\u627e\u5230\u3001\u6743\u9650\u9519\u8bef\u6216\u7f16\u7801\u9519\u8bef\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528try...except<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u8fdb\u884c\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
                      try:\n    with open('yourfile.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:\n        content = file.read()\nexcept FileNotFoundError:\n    print("\u6587\u4ef6\u672a\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u8bf7\u68c0\u67e5\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u3002")\nexcept PermissionError:\n    print("\u6ca1\u6709\u6743\u9650\u8bbf\u95ee\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u3002")\nexcept UnicodeDecodeError:\n    print("\u6587\u4ef6\u7f16\u7801\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8bf7\u68c0\u67e5\u6587\u4ef6\u7f16\u7801\u3002")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                      \u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u9047\u5230\u9519\u8bef\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u7ed9\u51fa\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u7528Python\u5bfc\u5165TXT\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528open()\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u4f7f\u7528pandas\u5e93\u3001\u4f7f\u7528numpy\u5e93\u3002open( […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":967976,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/967967"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=967967"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/967967\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":967978,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/967967\/revisions\/967978"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/967976"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=967967"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=967967"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=967967"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}