{"id":955821,"date":"2024-12-27T02:22:52","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T18:22:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/955821.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T02:22:54","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T18:22:54","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%94%a8python%e5%86%99webservice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/955821.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u7528python\u5199webservice"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5982\u4f55\u7528python\u5199webservice\"<\/p>\n

\u8981\u7528Python\u7f16\u5199Web\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Flask\u3001Django\u3001FastAPI\u7b49\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6846\u67b6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u96c6\u6765\u5904\u7406HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u8def\u7531\u3001\u6a21\u677f\u6e32\u67d3\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cFlask\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u6784\u5efa\u7b80\u5355\u7684Web\u670d\u52a1\uff1bDjango\u5219\u66f4\u4e3a\u5168\u9762\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u6784\u5efa\u590d\u6742\u7684Web\u5e94\u7528\uff1bFastAPI\u56e0\u5176\u5f02\u6b65\u652f\u6301\u548c\u5feb\u901f\u6027\u80fd\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u6b22\u8fce\u3002\u4f7f\u7528Flask\u521b\u5efaWeb\u670d\u52a1<\/strong>\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u5b66\uff0c\u4e14\u6709\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u793e\u533a\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001FLASK\u6846\u67b6\u6982\u8ff0<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Flask\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7Web\u5e94\u7528\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5b83\u57fa\u4e8eWerkzeug WSGI\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u548cJinja2\u6a21\u677f\u5f15\u64ce\u3002Flask\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7406\u5ff5\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u548c\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u548c\u5c0f\u578b\u9879\u76ee\u3002Flask\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u70b9\u5305\u62ec\u8def\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u6a21\u677f\u6e32\u67d3\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u5904\u7406\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u63d2\u4ef6\u6269\u5c55\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n

    \u8def\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    Flask\u901a\u8fc7\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u8def\u7531\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ee3\u7801\u7ed3\u6784\u6e05\u6670\u660e\u4e86\u3002\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528@app.route<\/code>\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u6765\u6307\u5b9aURL\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    from flask import Flask<\/p>\n
    app = Flask(__name__)<\/p>\n
    @app.route('\/')<\/p>\n
    def hello_world():<\/p>\n
        return 'Hello, World!'<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\uff0c\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u52a8\u6001URL\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    \u6a21\u677f\u6e32\u67d3<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    Flask\u652f\u6301Jinja2\u6a21\u677f\u5f15\u64ce\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u6e32\u67d3HTML\u9875\u9762\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u9875\u9762\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u6a21\u677f\u5f15\u64ce\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u903b\u8f91\u548c\u89c6\u56fe\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    from flask import render_template<\/p>\n
    @app.route('\/user\/<username>')<\/p>\n
    def show_user_profile(username):<\/p>\n
        return render_template('user_profile.html', username=username)<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728user_profile.html<\/code>\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528{{ username }}<\/code>\u6765\u5f15\u7528\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \u4e8c\u3001FLASK\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u4e0e\u57fa\u7840\u914d\u7f6e<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \n
      \u5b89\u88c5Flask<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u8981\u5f00\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528Flask\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5728Python\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5b89\u88c5\u5b83\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7pip\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      pip install flask<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u8fd9\u4e00\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5Flask\u53ca\u5176\u4f9d\u8d56\u5305\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
    2. \n
      \u57fa\u7840\u914d\u7f6e<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684Python\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982app.py<\/code>\uff0c\u5e76\u5bfc\u5165Flask\u5e93\u3002\u521d\u59cb\u5316Flask\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u8def\u7531\u548c\u89c6\u56fe\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u5e94\u7528\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u8c03\u8bd5\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      from flask import Flask<\/p>\n
      app = Flask(__name__)<\/p>\n
      @app.route('\/')<\/p>\n
      def home():<\/p>\n
          return 'Welcome to my Web Service!'<\/p>\n
      if __name__ == '__mAI<\/a>n__':<\/p>\n
          app.run(debug=True)<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u901a\u8fc7\u8fd0\u884cpython app.py<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u542f\u52a8Web\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u8bbf\u95eehttp:\/\/127.0.0.1:5000\/<\/code>\u67e5\u770b\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \u4e09\u3001\u5904\u7406HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      Flask\u4f7f\u5f97\u5904\u7406HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d8\u5f97\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u5b83\u652f\u6301GET\u3001POST\u3001PUT\u3001DELETE\u7b49\u591a\u79cdHTTP\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u8def\u7531\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9amethods<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \n
        GET\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        GET\u8bf7\u6c42\u7528\u4e8e\u4ece\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002Flask\u9ed8\u8ba4\u652f\u6301GET\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ea\u9700\u5b9a\u4e49\u8def\u7531\u548c\u89c6\u56fe\u51fd\u6570\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        @app.route('\/data', methods=['GET'])<\/p>\n
        def get_data():<\/p>\n
            return {'data': 'This is a GET request'}<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
      2. \n
        POST\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u7528\u4e8e\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u63d0\u4ea4\u8868\u5355\u6216\u4e0a\u4f20\u6587\u4ef6\u3002Flask\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86request<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        from flask import request<\/p>\n
        @app.route('\/submit', methods=['POST'])<\/p>\n
        def submit_data():<\/p>\n
            data = request.form['data']<\/p>\n
            return f'Received: {data}'<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
        \u5728HTML\u8868\u5355\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7<form method="post" action="\/submit"><\/code>\u63d0\u4ea4\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \u56db\u3001\u4f7f\u7528FASTAPI\u521b\u5efa\u5f02\u6b65Web\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        FastAPI\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u3001\u5feb\u901f\u7684Web\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u4e13\u4e3aPython 3.7+\u7248\u672c\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5f02\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210API\u6587\u6863\u3002FastAPI\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7406\u5ff5\u662f\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u6613\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u6784\u5efa\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. \n
          \u5b89\u88c5FastAPI\u548cUvicorn<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \u4f7f\u7528FastAPI\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5\u5b83\u548cUvicorn\uff08\u4e00\u4e2aASGI\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          pip install fastapi uvicorn<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        2. \n
          \u521b\u5efa\u57fa\u672c\u5e94\u7528<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aPython\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982main.py<\/code>\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528FastAPI\u5b9a\u4e49\u8def\u7531\u548c\u89c6\u56fe\u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          from fastapi import FastAPI<\/p>\n
          app = FastAPI()<\/p>\n
          @app.get('\/')<\/p>\n
          async def read_root():<\/p>\n
              return {'message': 'Hello, World'}<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
          \u901a\u8fc7\u8fd0\u884cuvicorn main:app --reload<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u542f\u52a8FastAPI\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u8bbf\u95eehttp:\/\/127.0.0.1:8000\/<\/code>\u67e5\u770b\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        3. \n
          \u5904\u7406\u5f02\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          FastAPI\u652f\u6301\u5f02\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u5728\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u8272\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          import asyncio<\/p>\n
          @app.get('\/async')<\/p>\n
          async def async_endpoint():<\/p>\n
              await asyncio.sleep(1)<\/p>\n
              return {'message': 'This is an async response'}<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
          \u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5904\u7406I\/O\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \u4e94\u3001Django\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          Django\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u9f50\u5168\u7684Web\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u6784\u5efa\u590d\u6742\u7684Web\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86ORM\u3001\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u6a21\u677f\u5f15\u64ce\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u540e\u53f0\u7b49\u5f3a\u5927\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \n
          1. \n
            \u5b89\u88c5Django<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7pip\u5b89\u88c5Django\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            pip install django<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
          2. \n
            \u521b\u5efaDjango\u9879\u76ee<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \u4f7f\u7528Django\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            django-admin startproject myproject<\/p>\n
            cd myproject<\/p>\n
            python manage.py startapp myapp<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \u5728myapp\/views.py<\/code>\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u89c6\u56fe\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u5728myproject\/urls.py<\/code>\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e\u8def\u7531\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
          3. \n
            \u5b9a\u4e49\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u89c6\u56fe<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            Django\u7684ORM\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6a21\u578b\u53d8\u5f97\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u5728myapp\/models.py<\/code>\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u5728myapp\/views.py<\/code>\u4e2d\u7f16\u5199\u89c6\u56fe\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u677f\u6e32\u67d3HTML\u9875\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            from django.shortcuts import render<\/p>\n
            from .models import MyModel<\/p>\n
            def index(request):<\/p>\n
                data = MyModel.objects.all()<\/p>\n
                return render(request, 'index.html', {'data': data})<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \u901a\u8fc7python manage.py runserver<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u542f\u52a8Django\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u8bbf\u95eehttp:\/\/127.0.0.1:8000\/<\/code>\u67e5\u770b\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            \u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528Flask\u3001FastAPI\u6216Django\u7b49\u6846\u67b6\uff0cPython\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u5feb\u901f\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u6784\u5efaWeb\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u9879\u76ee\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u8fdb\u884c\u5f00\u53d1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6846\u67b6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u6587\u6863\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5e94\u5bf9\u5404\u79cdWeb\u5f00\u53d1\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
             \u5982\u4f55\u5f00\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7f16\u5199Web\u670d\u52a1\uff1f<\/strong>
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