{"id":949305,"date":"2024-12-27T00:11:36","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T16:11:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/949305.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T00:11:38","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T16:11:38","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%88%ac%e8%ae%ba%e6%96%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/949305.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u722c\u8bba\u6587"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u722c\u8bba\u6587\"<\/p>\n

\u5f00\u5934\u6bb5\u843d:
Python\u722c\u53d6\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e3b\u8981\u6d89\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528Python\u5e93\u6765\u8bf7\u6c42\u7f51\u9875\u3001\u89e3\u6790\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u3001\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e<\/strong>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5e93\u5305\u62ecrequests<\/code>\u3001BeautifulSoup<\/code>\u548cscrapy<\/code>\u7b49\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0crequests<\/code>\u5e93\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\uff0cBeautifulSoup<\/code>\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u6790HTML\u6587\u6863\u5e76\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b\u6700\u540e\uff0cscrapy<\/code>\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u6765\u5904\u7406\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6293\u53d6\u4efb\u52a1<\/strong>\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u786e\u5b9a\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7ad9\u5e76\u5206\u6790\u5176\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7f16\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u89e3\u6790\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u5b58\u50a8\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u722c\u53d6\u5b66\u672f\u8bba\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5728\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u91cd\u70b9\u4ecb\u7ecdrequests<\/code>\u548cBeautifulSoup<\/code>\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u4e0a\u624b\u4e14\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u8981\u722c\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u7684HTML\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u3002Python\u4e2d\uff0crequests<\/code>\u5e93\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n

    \u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u5bfc\u5165\u5e93<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u60a8\u7684Python\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86requests<\/code>\u5e93\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    pip install requests<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u60a8\u7684Python\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u5bfc\u5165\u8be5\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    import requests<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    \u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4f7f\u7528requests.get()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    url = 'https:\/\/example.com'<\/p>\n
    response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    response<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\u5305\u542b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3001\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u548cHTML\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  3. \n
    \u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u68c0\u67e5\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u8bf7\u6c42\u6210\u529f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    if response.status_code == 200:<\/p>\n
        print('Request successful!')<\/p>\n
        html_content = response.text<\/p>\n
    else:<\/p>\n
        print(f'Request fAI<\/a>led with status code: {response.status_code}')<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \u4e8c\u3001\u89e3\u6790\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u83b7\u53d6HTML\u5185\u5bb9\u540e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u6790\u7f51\u9875\u4ee5\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u4fe1\u606f\u3002BeautifulSoup<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u884c\u7684Python\u5e93\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4eceHTML\u548cXML\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \n
      \u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u5bfc\u5165BeautifulSoup<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u60a8\u7684Python\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86beautifulsoup4<\/code>\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      pip install beautifulsoup4<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u60a8\u7684Python\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u5bfc\u5165BeautifulSoup<\/code>\u548clxml<\/code>\u89e3\u6790\u5668\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      from bs4 import BeautifulSoup<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
    2. \n
      \u521b\u5efaBeautifulSoup\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u4f7f\u7528\u4ecerequests<\/code>\u83b7\u53d6\u7684HTML\u5185\u5bb9\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aBeautifulSoup<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      soup = BeautifulSoup(html_content, 'lxml')<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
    3. \n
      \u63d0\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u5229\u7528BeautifulSoup<\/code>\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u7684HTML\u5143\u7d20\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      # \u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6807\u9898<\/p>\n
      titles = soup.find_all('h1')<\/p>\n
      for title in titles:<\/p>\n
          print(title.get_text())<\/p>\n
      \u63d0\u53d6\u7279\u5b9aCSS\u7c7b\u7684\u5143\u7d20<\/strong><\/h2>\n
      abstracts = soup.find_all('div', class_='abstract')<\/p>\n
      for abstract in abstracts:<\/p>\n
          print(abstract.get_text())<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      BeautifulSoup<\/code>\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u67e5\u627e\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ecfind()<\/code>\u3001find_all()<\/code>\u3001select()<\/code>\u7b49\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u6807\u7b7e\u3001\u5c5e\u6027\u6216CSS\u9009\u62e9\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u627e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \u4e09\u3001\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u63d0\u53d6\u5230\u6570\u636e\u540e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u540e\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \n
        \u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \u5728\u5b58\u50a8\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u6e05\u6d17\u548c\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53bb\u9664\u591a\u4f59\u7684\u7a7a\u683c\u3001\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u7b49\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        clean_data = [data.strip() for data in extracted_data]<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
      2. \n
        \u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6e05\u6d17\u540e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u5305\u62ecCSV\u3001JSON\u7b49\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        import csv<\/p>\n
        \u5b58\u50a8\u4e3aCSV\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n
        with open('papers.csv', 'w', newline='') as csvfile:<\/p>\n
            writer = csv.writer(csvfile)<\/p>\n
            writer.writerow(['Title', 'Abstract'])<\/p>\n
            for title, abstract in zip(titles, abstracts):<\/p>\n
                writer.writerow([title, abstract])<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
      3. \n
        \u9ad8\u7ea7\u5b58\u50a8\u9009\u9879<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \u5bf9\u4e8e\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u5b58\u50a8\u3002Python\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u5982SQLite\u3001MySQL\u3001MongoDB\u7b49\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5408\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \u56db\u3001\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6293\u53d6\u4efb\u52a1<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \u5bf9\u4e8e\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6293\u53d6\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5982\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u5206\u9875\u3001\u591a\u5c42\u6b21\u7f51\u9875\u7ed3\u6784\u6216\u767b\u5f55\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7b49\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528scrapy<\/code>\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. \n
          \u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u4f7f\u7528<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          scrapy<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u722c\u866b\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u722c\u53d6\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5b89\u88c5scrapy<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          pip install scrapy<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
          \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684scrapy<\/code>\u9879\u76ee\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          scrapy startproject myproject<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        2. \n
          \u5b9a\u4e49\u722c\u866b<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \u5728scrapy<\/code>\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u722c\u866b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          scrapy genspider myspider example.com<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
          \u4fee\u6539\u751f\u6210\u7684\u722c\u866b\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u722c\u53d6\u903b\u8f91\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          import scrapy<\/p>\n
          class MySpider(scrapy.Spider):<\/p>\n
              name = 'myspider'<\/p>\n
              start_urls = ['https:\/\/example.com']<\/p>\n
              def parse(self, response):<\/p>\n
                  for paper in response.css('div.paper'):<\/p>\n
                      yield {<\/p>\n
                          'title': paper.css('h1::text').get(),<\/p>\n
                          'abstract': paper.css('div.abstract::text').get(),<\/p>\n
                      }<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        3. \n
          \u8fd0\u884c\u722c\u866b<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u722c\u866b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          scrapy crawl myspider<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
          scrapy<\/code>\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u8c03\u5ea6\u3001\u6570\u636e\u63d0\u53d6\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u7b49\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u662f\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u6293\u53d6\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \u4e94\u3001\u5904\u7406\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u9875<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \u6709\u4e9b\u7f51\u7ad9\u4f7f\u7528JavaScript\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528selenium<\/code>\u5e93\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \n
          1. \n
            \u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u4f7f\u7528<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \u5b89\u88c5selenium<\/code>\u548c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u9a71\u52a8\uff08\u5982ChromeDriver\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            pip install selenium<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u9a71\u52a8\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u8def\u5f84\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
          2. \n
            \u6a21\u62df\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \u4f7f\u7528selenium<\/code>\u6253\u5f00\u7f51\u9875\u5e76\u6267\u884cJavaScript\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            from selenium import webdriver<\/p>\n
            driver = webdriver.Chrome()<\/p>\n
            driver.get('https:\/\/example.com')<\/p>\n
            \u7b49\u5f85\u9875\u9762\u52a0\u8f7d\u5b8c\u6210<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            driver.implicitly_wait(10)<\/p>\n
            \u83b7\u53d6\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            html_content = driver.page_source<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
          3. \n
            \u63d0\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup<\/code>\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u5177\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            soup = BeautifulSoup(html_content, 'lxml')<\/p>\n
            titles = soup.find_all('h1')<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \u901a\u8fc7\u6a21\u62df\u7528\u6237\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0cselenium<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u9700\u8981\u7528\u6237\u4ea4\u4e92\u6216\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u7f51\u9875\uff0c\u662f\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u6709\u6548\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            \u603b\u7ed3\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
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            \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
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