{"id":949053,"date":"2024-12-27T00:09:19","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T16:09:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/949053.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T00:09:21","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T16:09:21","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%bf%90%e8%a1%8cspider","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/949053.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u884cspider"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u884cspider\"<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884cSpider\uff08\u722c\u866b\uff09\u4e3b\u8981\u6d89\u53ca\u5b89\u88c5\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5e93\u3001\u7f16\u5199\u722c\u866b\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u6267\u884c\u722c\u866b\u4ee3\u7801<\/strong>\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86Python\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u722c\u866b\u5e93\uff0c\u5982Scrapy\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u7f16\u5199\u722c\u866b\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u722c\u53d6\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u89e3\u6790\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8fd0\u884c\u722c\u866b\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u73af\u5883<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Python\u662f\u8fdb\u884c\u722c\u866b\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u9996\u9009\u8bed\u8a00\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5e93\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7f51\u7edc\u722c\u866b\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cScrapy\u662f\u6700\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u5e93\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u8981\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2aPython Spider\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5Python\u548cScrapy\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1. \u5b89\u88c5Python<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

Python\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5b98\u65b9\u7f51\u7ad9Python.org<\/a>\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u5b89\u88c5\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u7248\u672c\u3002\u5728\u5b89\u88c5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u9009\u4e2d\u201cAdd Python to PATH\u201d\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528Python\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

2. \u5b89\u88c5Scrapy<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

Scrapy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u722c\u53d6\u7f51\u7ad9\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5f00\u6e90\u548c\u534f\u4f5c\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u5b89\u88c5Scrapy\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5b8c\u6210\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

pip install scrapy<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u5b89\u88c5Scrapy\u548c\u6240\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u521b\u5efaScrapy\u9879\u76ee<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b89\u88c5Scrapy\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684Scrapy\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
scrapy startproject myproject<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u5c06\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3amyproject<\/code>\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542bScrapy\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u7f16\u5199\u722c\u866b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Scrapy\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f16\u5199\u722c\u866b\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6b65\u9aa4\u5305\u62ec\u5b9a\u4e49\u722c\u866b\u7c7b\u3001\u8bbe\u5b9a\u8d77\u59cbURL\u3001\u89e3\u6790\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u5b9a\u4e49\u722c\u866b\u7c7b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728myproject\/spiders<\/code>\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684Python\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u5982my_spider.py<\/code>\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u722c\u866b\u7c7b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u9700\u8981\u7ee7\u627fscrapy.Spider<\/code>\uff0c\u5e76\u5b9a\u4e49name<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\u548cstart_requests<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import scrapy<\/p>\n
class MySpider(scrapy.Spider):<\/p>\n
    name = 'my_spider'<\/p>\n
    def start_requests(self):<\/p>\n
        urls = [<\/p>\n
            'http:\/\/example.com\/page1',<\/p>\n
            'http:\/\/example.com\/page2',<\/p>\n
        ]<\/p>\n
        for url in urls:<\/p>\n
            yield scrapy.Request(url=url, callback=self.parse)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u89e3\u6790\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u722c\u866b\u7c7b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2aparse<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u4ece\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u6536\u5230\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Scrapy\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u5668\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    def parse(self, response):<\/p>\n
        page = response.url.split("\/")[-2]<\/p>\n
        filename = f'quotes-{page}.html'<\/p>\n
        with open(filename, 'wb') as f:<\/p>\n
            f.write(response.body)<\/p>\n
        self.log(f'Saved file {filename}')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u8fd0\u884c\u722c\u866b<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u7f16\u5199\u5b8c\u722c\u866b\u4ee3\u7801\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8fd0\u884c\u722c\u866b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u8fd0\u884c\u722c\u866b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd0\u884c\u722c\u866b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
scrapy crawl my_spider<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u5c06\u542f\u52a8Scrapy\u5f15\u64ce\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd0\u884cmy_spider<\/code>\u722c\u866b\u3002Scrapy\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u722c\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u8c03\u8bd5\u548c\u4f18\u5316<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd0\u884c\u722c\u866b\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Scrapy\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u8bd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9047\u5230\u9519\u8bef\u6216\u9700\u8981\u4f18\u5316\u722c\u866b\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u6574\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u722c\u866b\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u529f\u80fd<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Scrapy\u4e0d\u4ec5\u652f\u6301\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u722c\u53d6\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5982\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u3001\u7ba1\u9053\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Scrapy\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u6216\u54cd\u5e94\u5904\u7406\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728settings.py<\/code>\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u7ba1\u9053\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Scrapy\u7ba1\u9053\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u548c\u4fdd\u5b58\u722c\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5728pipelines.py<\/code>\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u5e76\u5728settings.py<\/code>\u4e2d\u542f\u7528\u7ba1\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u6269\u5c55Scrapy\u529f\u80fd<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Scrapy\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5185\u7f6e\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u5982\u81ea\u52a8\u9650\u901f\u3001HTTP\u7f13\u5b58\u7b49\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6269\u5c55\u6765\u6ee1\u8db3\u7279\u6b8a\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd0\u884cPython\u722c\u866b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5982\u8bf7\u6c42\u5931\u8d25\u3001\u6570\u636e\u63d0\u53d6\u9519\u8bef\u7b49\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u53ca\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u8bf7\u6c42\u5931\u8d25<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u8bf7\u6c42\u9891\u7e41\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7ad9\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u53cd\u722c\u673a\u5236\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406\u3001\u8c03\u6574\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u6216\u964d\u4f4e\u8bf7\u6c42\u9891\u7387\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u6570\u636e\u63d0\u53d6\u9519\u8bef<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6570\u636e\u63d0\u53d6\u9519\u8bef\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u5668\u9519\u8bef\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7ad9\u7ed3\u6784\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u8bd5\u9009\u62e9\u5668\u6216\u66f4\u65b0\u4ee3\u7801\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u578b\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u722c\u53d6\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u589e\u52a0\u5e76\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u722c\u866b\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u63d0\u5347\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5b89\u88c5Python\u548cScrapy\u3001\u7f16\u5199\u722c\u866b\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u8fd0\u884c\u722c\u866b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5229\u7528Scrapy\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7ad9\u6570\u636e\u722c\u53d6\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u7f51\u7ad9\u7279\u70b9\u8c03\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u722c\u866b\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u722c\u866b\u6846\u67b6\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u722c\u866b\u6846\u67b6\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982Scrapy\u3001Beautiful Soup\u548cRequests\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86Python\u73af\u5883\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7pip\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u5b89\u88c5\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1apip install scrapy<\/code>\u3002\u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863\u8fdb\u884c\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u9879\u76ee\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u722c\u866b\u3002<\/p>\n
Python\u722c\u866b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong>
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