{"id":934382,"date":"2024-12-26T18:34:52","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T10:34:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/934382.html"},"modified":"2024-12-26T18:34:53","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T10:34:53","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%af%95%e5%ba%93","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/934382.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u8bd5\u5e93"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u8bd5\u5e93\"<\/p>\n

\u5f00\u5934\u6bb5\u843d\uff1a
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5e93\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ee3\u7801\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684Python\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5e93\u5305\u62ecunittest\u3001pytest\u548cnose\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3001\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u8d28\u91cf\u3001\u7f29\u77ed\u5f00\u53d1\u5468\u671f<\/strong>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cunittest\u662fPython\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u548c\u5c0f\u578b\u9879\u76ee\u4f7f\u7528\u3002pytest\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u4e14\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u63d2\u4ef6\u6269\u5c55\u3002nose\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8fd0\u884c\u548c\u751f\u6210\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5176\u66f4\u65b0\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e93\u8fdb\u884cPython\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u6b63\u6587\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001UNITTEST\u5e93\u7684\u4f7f\u7528
unittest\u662fPython\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u7840\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u8a00\u7684xUnit\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7ec4\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1.1\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b
\u5728unittest\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7ee7\u627funittest.TestCase\u7c7b\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u4ee5\u201ctest\u201d\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8fd0\u884c\u5668\u8bc6\u522b\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528assertEqual\u3001assertTrue\u7b49\u65ad\u8a00\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u68c0\u67e5\u4ee3\u7801\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1.2\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5
\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ec4\u5408\u6210\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5957\u4ef6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7unittest.TestLoader\u7c7b\u52a0\u8f7d\u3002\u4f7f\u7528unittest.TextTestRunner\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u5e76\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7python -m unittest\u547d\u4ee4\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd0\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001PYTEST\u5e93\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u4f18\u52bf
pytest\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u63d2\u4ef6\u6269\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

2.1\u3001\u7b80\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4ee3\u7801
pytest\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7ee7\u627f\u4efb\u4f55\u7c7b\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\u673a\u5236\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684assert\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u4f7f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u7b80\u6d01\u548c\u6613\u8bfb\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

2.2\u3001\u652f\u6301\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5
pytest\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528pytest.mark.parametrize\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u6765\u751f\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8986\u76d6\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001NOSE\u5e93\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u548c\u5e94\u7528
nose\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55unittest\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u7b80\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

3.1\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u53d1\u73b0\u6d4b\u8bd5
nose\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u53d1\u73b0\u4ee5\u201ctest\u201d\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u7c7b\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u660e\u786e\u6307\u5b9a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5957\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5927\u578b\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u4fbf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

3.2\u3001\u751f\u6210\u6d4b\u8bd5\u62a5\u544a
nose\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u62a5\u544a\u751f\u6210\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u63d2\u4ef6\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u62a5\u544a\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5e93\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5
\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5e93\u65f6\uff0c\u9075\u5faa\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6548\u7387\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u8d28\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

4.1\u3001\u4fdd\u6301\u6d4b\u8bd5\u72ec\u7acb\u6027
\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u5e94\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002\u4f7f\u7528setUp\u548ctearDown\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u524d\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u548c\u6e05\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

4.2\u3001\u8986\u76d6\u5f02\u5e38\u548c\u8fb9\u754c\u60c5\u51b5
\u9664\u4e86\u6b63\u5e38\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8fd8\u5e94\u8986\u76d6\u5f02\u5e38\u548c\u8fb9\u754c\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee3\u7801\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u80fd\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5e93
\u6839\u636e\u9879\u76ee\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u7387\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u8d28\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

5.1\u3001\u5c0f\u578b\u9879\u76ee\u548c\u521d\u5b66\u8005
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5c0f\u578b\u9879\u76ee\u6216\u521d\u5b66\u8005\uff0cunittest\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662fPython\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6587\u6863\u4e30\u5bcc\u4e14\u6613\u4e8e\u4e0a\u624b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

5.2\u3001\u5927\u578b\u9879\u76ee\u548c\u590d\u6742\u9700\u6c42
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u578b\u9879\u76ee\u6216\u9700\u8981\u590d\u6742\u6d4b\u8bd5\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0cpytest\u66f4\u4e3a\u5408\u9002\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u529f\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a
\u4e86\u89e3\u5e76\u638c\u63e1Python\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5e93\u662f\u6bcf\u4f4d\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5e93\uff0c\u5e76\u9075\u5faa\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u5347\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u7387\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5b89\u88c5\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177pip\u6765\u5b89\u88c5\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u3002\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165pip install \u5e93\u540d<\/code>\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u60f3\u5b89\u88c5NumPy\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f93\u5165pip install numpy<\/code>\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u60a8\u7684Python\u548cpip\u90fd\u662f\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u67e5\u770b\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684Python\u5e93\uff1f<\/strong>
\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684Python\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4pip list<\/code>\u3002\u8fd9\u5c06\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u5f53\u524d\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u5e93\u53ca\u5176\u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528pip freeze<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u4ee5\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u4e8erequirements.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u8f93\u51fa\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u5e93\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u5378\u8f7d\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7684Python\u5e93\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u60f3\u5378\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u7684Python\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4pip uninstall \u5e93\u540d<\/code>\u3002\u5728\u6267\u884c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u60a8\u786e\u8ba4\u5378\u8f7d\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u201cy\u201d\u786e\u8ba4\u5373\u53ef\u5b8c\u6210\u5378\u8f7d\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u5378\u8f7d\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e93\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u9879\u76ee\u6216\u5e93\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u5f00\u5934\u6bb5\u843d\uff1a\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5e93\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ee3\u7801\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684Python\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5e93\u5305\u62ecunitt […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":934386,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/934382"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=934382"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/934382\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":934387,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/934382\/revisions\/934387"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/934386"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=934382"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=934382"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=934382"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}