{"id":934063,"date":"2024-12-26T18:28:11","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T10:28:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/934063.html"},"modified":"2024-12-26T18:28:12","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T10:28:12","slug":"python-%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%8e%a7%e5%88%b6gpio","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/934063.html","title":{"rendered":"python \u5982\u4f55\u63a7\u5236gpio"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001Python\u63a7\u5236GPIO\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6982\u8ff0<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u8981\u5728Python\u4e2d\u63a7\u5236GPIO\uff08\u901a\u7528\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u7aef\u53e3\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528RPi.GPIO\u5e93\u3001gpiozero\u5e93<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e93\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u6765\u4e0eRaspberry Pi\u7684GPIO\u5f15\u811a\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002RPi.GPIO\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5e95\u5c42\u7684GPIO\u63a7\u5236\u529f\u80fd\u3001gpiozero\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684GPIO\u63a7\u5236\u63a5\u53e3<\/strong>\u3002RPi.GPIO\u5e93\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u7cbe\u786e\u63a7\u5236\u5f15\u811a\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u800cgpiozero\u5e93\u5219\u9002\u5408\u5feb\u901f\u5f00\u53d1\u539f\u578b\u548c\u7b80\u5355\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e93\u6765\u63a7\u5236GPIO\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

RPi.GPIO\u5e93\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

RPi.GPIO\u5e93\u662fRaspberry Pi\u5b98\u65b9\u63a8\u8350\u7684GPIO\u63a7\u5236\u5e93\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u6765\u63a7\u5236GPIO\u5f15\u811a\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u3002RPi.GPIO\u5e93\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f15\u811a\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u5f15\u811a\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u3001\u8bfb\u53d6\u5f15\u811a\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f15\u811a\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1. \u5b89\u88c5RPi.GPIO\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4f7f\u7528RPi.GPIO\u5e93\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684Raspberry Pi\u4e0a\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0cRPi.GPIO\u5e93\u4f1a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b89\u88c5\u5728Raspbian\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5b89\u88c5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get update<\/p>\n
sudo apt-get install python3-rpi.gpio<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f15\u811a\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4f7f\u7528GPIO\u5f15\u811a\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f15\u811a\u7684\u7f16\u53f7\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002RPi.GPIO\u5e93\u652f\u6301\u4e24\u79cd\u7f16\u53f7\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1aBOARD\u548cBCM\u3002BOARD\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u6839\u636eRaspberry Pi\u4e0a\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5f15\u811a\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u800cBCM\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u6839\u636eBroadcom\u82af\u7247\u4e0a\u7684\u5f15\u811a\u7f16\u53f7\u3002\u5728\u4f7f\u7528RPi.GPIO\u5e93\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f15\u811a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO<\/p>\n
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)  # \u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528GPIO.BOARD<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u914d\u7f6e\u5f15\u811a\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u8bbe\u7f6e\u597d\u5f15\u811a\u6a21\u5f0f\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u914d\u7f6e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5f15\u811a\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\u6216\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528GPIO.setup()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
GPIO.setup(18, GPIO.OUT)  # \u8bbe\u7f6eGPIO 18\u4e3a\u8f93\u51fa<\/p>\n
GPIO.setup(23, GPIO.IN)   # \u8bbe\u7f6eGPIO 23\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4. \u63a7\u5236\u5f15\u811a\u8f93\u51fa<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u914d\u7f6e\u4e3a\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5f15\u811a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528GPIO.output()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5176\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u9ad8\u7535\u5e73\u6216\u4f4e\u7535\u5e73\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
GPIO.output(18, GPIO.HIGH)  # \u8bbe\u7f6eGPIO 18\u4e3a\u9ad8\u7535\u5e73<\/p>\n
GPIO.output(18, GPIO.LOW)   # \u8bbe\u7f6eGPIO 18\u4e3a\u4f4e\u7535\u5e73<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
5. \u8bfb\u53d6\u5f15\u811a\u8f93\u5165<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u914d\u7f6e\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5f15\u811a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528GPIO.input()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8bfb\u53d6\u5176\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
input_state = GPIO.input(23)<\/p>\n
if input_state == GPIO.HIGH:<\/p>\n
    print("\u5f15\u811a23\u4e3a\u9ad8\u7535\u5e73")<\/p>\n
else:<\/p>\n
    print("\u5f15\u811a23\u4e3a\u4f4e\u7535\u5e73")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
6. \u6e05\u7406GPIO\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528GPIO.cleanup()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u6e05\u7406GPIO\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
GPIO.cleanup()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
gpiozero\u5e93\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
gpiozero\u5e93\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684GPIO\u63a7\u5236\u5e93\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5feb\u901f\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u539f\u578b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u7c7b\u6765\u8868\u793a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982LED\u3001\u6309\u94ae\u3001\u9a6c\u8fbe\u7b49\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u64cd\u4f5c\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u5355\u76f4\u89c2\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u5b89\u88c5gpiozero\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
gpiozero\u5e93\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u4f1a\u9884\u88c5\u5728Raspbian\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
sudo apt-get install python3-gpiozero<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u4f7f\u7528LED\u7ec4\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
gpiozero\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aLED<\/code>\u7c7b\u6765\u63a7\u5236LED\u706f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u6253\u5f00\u548c\u5173\u95edLED\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from gpiozero import LED<\/p>\n
led = LED(17)  # \u8fde\u63a5\u5230GPIO 17\u7684LED<\/p>\n
led.on()       # \u6253\u5f00LED<\/p>\n
led.off()      # \u5173\u95edLED<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u4f7f\u7528\u6309\u94ae\u7ec4\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u540c\u6837\uff0cgpiozero\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aButton<\/code>\u7c7b\u6765\u8bfb\u53d6\u6309\u94ae\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from gpiozero import Button<\/p>\n
button = Button(2)  # \u8fde\u63a5\u5230GPIO 2\u7684\u6309\u94ae<\/p>\n
if button.is_pressed:<\/p>\n
    print("\u6309\u94ae\u88ab\u6309\u4e0b")<\/p>\n
else:<\/p>\n
    print("\u6309\u94ae\u672a\u88ab\u6309\u4e0b")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4. \u63a7\u5236\u9a6c\u8fbe<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
gpiozero\u5e93\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u63a7\u5236\u9a6c\u8fbe\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Motor<\/code>\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from gpiozero import Motor<\/p>\n
motor = Motor(forward=4, backward=14)  # \u4f7f\u7528GPIO 4\u548c14\u63a7\u5236\u9a6c\u8fbe<\/p>\n
motor.forward()  # \u5411\u524d\u8f6c\u52a8<\/p>\n
motor.backward()  # \u5411\u540e\u8f6c\u52a8<\/p>\n
motor.stop()      # \u505c\u6b62<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528GPIO\u5f15\u811a\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7535\u6d41\u548c\u7535\u538b\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5bf9Raspberry Pi\u9020\u6210\u635f\u574f\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0cGPIO\u5f15\u811a\u7684\u7535\u538b\u4e3a3.3V\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u8f93\u51fa\u7535\u6d41\u4e3a16mA\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u7535\u6d41\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7ee7\u7535\u5668\u6216MOSFET\u8fdb\u884c\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u5f15\u811a\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u77ed\u8def\u6216\u53cd\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528RPi.GPIO\u5e93\u548cgpiozero\u5e93\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5728Python\u4e2d\u63a7\u5236Raspberry Pi\u7684GPIO\u5f15\u811a\u3002RPi.GPIO\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u9700\u8981\u7cbe\u786e\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u800cgpiozero\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5feb\u901f\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u539f\u578b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7535\u6d41\u548c\u7535\u538b\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u786e\u4fddRaspberry Pi\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e93\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5b9e\u73b0\u5404\u79cd\u521b\u610f\u9879\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 1. \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5b89\u88c5\u63a7\u5236GPIO\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5e93\uff1f<\/strong>
\u8981\u63a7\u5236GPIO\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5Raspberry Pi\u7684Raspberry.GPIO\u5e93\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6253\u5f00\u7ec8\u7aef\u5e76\u8fd0\u884c\u547d\u4ee4pip install RPi.GPIO<\/code>\u6765\u5b89\u88c5\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u60a8\u7684Python\u73af\u5883\u5df2\u6b63\u786e\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u60a8\u6709\u6743\u9650\u8bbf\u95eeGPIO\u5f15\u811a\u3002<\/p>\n
2. \u4f7f\u7528Python\u63a7\u5236GPIO\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u4fdd\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728\u63a7\u5236GPIO\u65f6\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u9075\u5faa\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u7535\u8def\u77ed\u8def\u6216\u635f\u574f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u7535\u963b\u6765\u4fdd\u62a4\u60a8\u7684\u7535\u8def\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u64cd\u4f5cGPIO\u5f15\u811a\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u60a8\u5df2\u6b63\u786e\u914d\u7f6e\u5f15\u811a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u8f93\u5165\u6216\u8f93\u51fa\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u9891\u7e41\u8bfb\u5199GPIO\u5f15\u811a\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
3. Python\u63a7\u5236GPIO\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b9a\u65f6\u5668\u529f\u80fd\uff1f<\/strong>
\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684time<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5b9a\u65f6\u5668\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed3\u5408time.sleep()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u548cGPIO\u63a7\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\u6765\u5f00\u5173\u5f15\u811a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u6765\u5b9a\u65f6\u5207\u6362LED\u706f\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u95ea\u70c1\u6548\u679c\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u5b9a\u65f6\u5668\u65f6\u9002\u5f53\u5904\u7406GPIO\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u5f15\u53d1\u9519\u8bef\u6216\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u4e00\u3001Python\u63a7\u5236GPIO\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6982\u8ff0 \u8981\u5728Python\u4e2d\u63a7\u5236GPIO\uff08\u901a\u7528\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u7aef\u53e3\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528RPi.G […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":934065,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/934063"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=934063"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/934063\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":934066,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/934063\/revisions\/934066"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/934065"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=934063"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=934063"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=934063"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}