{"id":929619,"date":"2024-12-26T16:59:16","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T08:59:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/929619.html"},"modified":"2024-12-26T16:59:19","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T08:59:19","slug":"python-%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0tcp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/929619.html","title":{"rendered":"Python \u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0tcp"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Python<\/p>\n

Python \u5b9e\u73b0 TCP \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528 socket \u6a21\u5757\u521b\u5efa TCP \u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u3001\u5229\u7528 socketserver \u6a21\u5757\u7b80\u5316 TCP \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u3001\u4f7f\u7528 asyncio \u6a21\u5757\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f02\u6b65 TCP \u7f16\u7a0b<\/strong>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0csocket \u6a21\u5757\u662f\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u76f4\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\uff1bsocketserver \u6a21\u5757\u5219\u5728 socket \u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\uff1basyncio \u6a21\u5757\u5219\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5f02\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u5728 Python \u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0 TCP \u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528 SOCKET \u6a21\u5757\u5b9e\u73b0 TCP<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

1. \u521b\u5efa TCP \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

Python \u7684 socket \u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u521b\u5efa TCP \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684 TCP \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a socket \u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import socket<\/p>\n
def tcp_client():<\/p>\n
    # \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a TCP\/IP \u5957\u63a5\u5b57<\/p>\n
    sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)<\/p>\n
    # \u8fde\u63a5\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/p>\n
    server_address = ('localhost', 10000)<\/p>\n
    print(f'Connecting to {server_address[0]} port {server_address[1]}')<\/p>\n
    sock.connect(server_address)<\/p>\n
    try:<\/p>\n
        # \u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
        message = 'This is the message. It will be repeated.'<\/p>\n
        print(f'Sending: {message}')<\/p>\n
        sock.sendall(message.encode())<\/p>\n
        # \u63a5\u6536\u54cd\u5e94<\/p>\n
        data = sock.recv(1024)<\/p>\n
        print(f'Received: {data.decode()}')<\/p>\n
    finally:<\/p>\n
        print('Closing socket')<\/p>\n
        sock.close()<\/p>\n
tcp_client()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u521b\u5efa TCP \u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa TCP \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e5f\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a socket \u5bf9\u8c61\u5e76\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u76d1\u542c\u5e76\u63a5\u53d7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import socket<\/p>\n
def tcp_server():<\/p>\n
    # \u521b\u5efa TCP\/IP \u5957\u63a5\u5b57<\/p>\n
    sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)<\/p>\n
    # \u7ed1\u5b9a\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u5230\u7aef\u53e3<\/p>\n
    server_address = ('localhost', 10000)<\/p>\n
    print(f'Starting up on {server_address[0]} port {server_address[1]}')<\/p>\n
    sock.bind(server_address)<\/p>\n
    # \u76d1\u542c\u4f20\u5165\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n
    sock.listen(1)<\/p>\n
    while True:<\/p>\n
        # \u7b49\u5f85\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n
        print('WAI<\/a>ting for a connection')<\/p>\n
        connection, client_address = sock.accept()<\/p>\n
        try:<\/p>\n
            print(f'Connection from {client_address}')<\/p>\n
            # \u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u56de\u4f20<\/p>\n
            while True:<\/p>\n
                data = connection.recv(1024)<\/p>\n
                print(f'Received: {data.decode()}')<\/p>\n
                if data:<\/p>\n
                    print('Sending data back to the client')<\/p>\n
                    connection.sendall(data)<\/p>\n
                else:<\/p>\n
                    print('No more data from', client_address)<\/p>\n
                    break<\/p>\n
        finally:<\/p>\n
            # \u6e05\u7406\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n
            connection.close()<\/p>\n
tcp_server()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528 SOCKETSERVER \u6a21\u5757\u5b9e\u73b0 TCP \u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
Python \u7684 socketserver \u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa TCP \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u5b83\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684 TCP \u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
import socketserver<\/p>\n
class MyTCPHandler(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler):<\/p>\n
    def handle(self):<\/p>\n
        # self.request \u662f TCP \u5957\u63a5\u5b57<\/p>\n
        self.data = self.request.recv(1024).strip()<\/p>\n
        print(f'{self.client_address[0]} wrote:')<\/p>\n
        print(self.data.decode())<\/p>\n
        # \u56de\u4f20\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
        self.request.sendall(self.data)<\/p>\n
if __name__ == "__main__":<\/p>\n
    HOST, PORT = "localhost", 10000<\/p>\n
    # \u521b\u5efa\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230 localhost:10000<\/p>\n
    with socketserver.TCPServer((HOST, PORT), MyTCPHandler) as server:<\/p>\n
        # \u6fc0\u6d3b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1b\u5b83\u4f1a\u4e00\u76f4\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6309\u4e0b\u4e2d\u65ad<\/p>\n
        server.serve_forever()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
socketserver \u6a21\u5757\u8fd8\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u7ee7\u627f BaseRequestHandler \u7c7b\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u5728 handle \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u6765\u5904\u7406\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528 ASYNCIO \u6a21\u5757\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f02\u6b65 TCP<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u521b\u5efa\u5f02\u6b65 TCP \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
asyncio \u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f02\u6b65 I\/O \u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f02\u6b65 TCP \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import asyncio<\/p>\n
async def tcp_client():<\/p>\n
    reader, writer = await asyncio.open_connection('127.0.0.1', 10000)<\/p>\n
    message = 'Hello World!'<\/p>\n
    print(f'Send: {message}')<\/p>\n
    writer.write(message.encode())<\/p>\n
    data = await reader.read(100)<\/p>\n
    print(f'Received: {data.decode()}')<\/p>\n
    print('Close the connection')<\/p>\n
    writer.close()<\/p>\n
    await writer.wait_closed()<\/p>\n
asyncio.run(tcp_client())<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u521b\u5efa\u5f02\u6b65 TCP \u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
import asyncio<\/p>\n
async def handle_echo(reader, writer):<\/p>\n
    data = await reader.read(100)<\/p>\n
    message = data.decode()<\/p>\n
    addr = writer.get_extra_info('peername')<\/p>\n
    print(f"Received {message} from {addr}")<\/p>\n
    print("Send: %s" % message)<\/p>\n
    writer.write(data)<\/p>\n
    await writer.drain()<\/p>\n
    print("Close the connection")<\/p>\n
    writer.close()<\/p>\n
async def main():<\/p>\n
    server = await asyncio.start_server(handle_echo, '127.0.0.1', 10000)<\/p>\n
    addr = server.sockets[0].getsockname()<\/p>\n
    print(f'Serving on {addr}')<\/p>\n
    async with server:<\/p>\n
        await server.serve_forever()<\/p>\n
asyncio.run(main())<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001TCP \u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u5904\u7406\u7c98\u5305\u95ee\u9898<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728 TCP \u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\uff0c\u7c98\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u7279\u6027\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u5408\u5e76\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u7c98\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6d88\u606f\u524d\u52a0\u4e0a\u957f\u5ea6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u65f6\uff0c\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25\u3001\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u5931\u8d25\u7b49\u3002\u5728 Python \u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 try-except \u5757\u6765\u6355\u83b7\u5e76\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\uff08\u5982 asyncio\uff09\u6216\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3001\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7f16\u7a0b\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
Python \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0 TCP \u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528 socket \u6a21\u5757\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001socketserver \u6a21\u5757\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca asyncio \u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u548c\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0 TCP \u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u5904\u7406\u7c98\u5305\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u7684 TCP \u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684TCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528socket\u5e93\u6765\u521b\u5efaTCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u5bfc\u5165socket\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2asocket\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0a\u3002\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528listen()\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f00\u59cb\u76d1\u542c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7accept()\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u6536\u6765\u81ea\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7recv()\u548csend()\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002<\/p>\n
Python\u7684TCP\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\uff1f<\/strong>
\u8981\u521b\u5efaTCP\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff0c\u60a8\u540c\u6837\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528socket\u5e93\u3002\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efasocket\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e76\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u529f\u540e\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528send()\u65b9\u6cd5\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u901a\u8fc7recv()\u65b9\u6cd5\u63a5\u6536\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u901a\u4fe1\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u8c03\u7528close()\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0TCP\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u548c\u9519\u8bef\uff1f<\/strong>
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