{"id":928232,"date":"2024-12-26T16:30:33","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T08:30:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/928232.html"},"modified":"2024-12-26T16:30:35","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T08:30:35","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%bf%9e%e6%8e%a5netconf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/928232.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u8fde\u63a5netconf"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u8fde\u63a5netconf\"<\/p>\n

Python\u8fde\u63a5NETCONF\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528ncclient\u5e93\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u4f1a\u8bdd\u3001\u53d1\u9001RPC\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94<\/strong>\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u8fde\u63a5NETCONF\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001NCCLIENT\u5e93\u6982\u8ff0
ncclient\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8ePython\u7684NETCONF\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e93\uff0c\u652f\u6301NETCONF\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7ec4API\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0eNETCONF\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n

    \u5b89\u88c5NCCLIENT<\/strong>
    \u5728\u4f7f\u7528ncclient\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86\u8be5\u5e93\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528pip\u6765\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    pip install ncclient<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    \u8fde\u63a5NETCONF\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/strong>
    \u8fde\u63a5NETCONF\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u76ee\u6807\u8bbe\u5907\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u3001\u7aef\u53e3\u3001\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u3002ncclient\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86manager<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u7528\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    from ncclient import manager<\/p>\n
    with manager.connect(<\/p>\n
        host='192.168.1.1',<\/p>\n
        port=830,<\/p>\n
        username='admin',<\/p>\n
        password='admin',<\/p>\n
        hostkey_verify=False<\/p>\n
    ) as m:<\/p>\n
        print("Connected to NETCONF server")<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0cmanager.connect<\/code>\u7528\u4e8e\u5efa\u7acb\u4e0eNETCONF\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002hostkey_verify=False<\/code>\u7528\u4e8e\u8df3\u8fc7\u4e3b\u673a\u5bc6\u94a5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \u4e8c\u3001\u53d1\u9001RPC\u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \n
      \u83b7\u53d6\u914d\u7f6e\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong>
      \u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u529f\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528get_config<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u6307\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u6e90\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982running<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      config = m.get_config(source='running')<\/p>\n
      print(config)<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
    2. \n
      \u4fee\u6539\u914d\u7f6e\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong>
      \u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7edit_config<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u4fee\u6539\u8bbe\u5907\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u914d\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      config_data = '''<\/p>\n
      <config><\/p>\n
          <interface xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-interfaces"><\/p>\n
              <name>GigabitEthernet1<\/name><\/p>\n
              <description>Configured by NETCONF<\/description><\/p>\n
          <\/interface><\/p>\n
      <\/config><\/p>\n
      '''<\/p>\n
      m.edit_config(target='running', config=config_data)<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \u4e09\u3001\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \n
        \u89e3\u6790XML\u54cd\u5e94<\/strong>
        NETCONF\u54cd\u5e94\u901a\u5e38\u662fXML\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528xml.etree.ElementTree<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u89e3\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET<\/p>\n
        config = m.get_config(source='running')<\/p>\n
        root = ET.fromstring(config.xml)<\/p>\n
        for interface in root.findall('.\/\/{urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-interfaces}interface'):<\/p>\n
            name = interface.find('{urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-interfaces}name').text<\/p>\n
            print(f"Interface Name: {name}")<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
      2. \n
        \u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef<\/strong>
        \u5728\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u65e0\u6548\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u6216\u8fde\u63a5\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6355\u83b7\u5f02\u5e38\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        try:<\/p>\n
            config = m.get_config(source='running')<\/p>\n
        except Exception as e:<\/p>\n
            print(f"An error occurred: {e}")<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \u56db\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u53ca\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. \n
          \u8fde\u63a5\u8d85\u65f6<\/strong>
          \u5982\u679c\u8fde\u63a5NETCONF\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d85\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u68c0\u67e5\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5e38\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\u542f\u7528\u4e86NETCONF\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        2. \n
          \u8ba4\u8bc1\u5931\u8d25<\/strong>
          \u5982\u679c\u51fa\u73b0\u8ba4\u8bc1\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u9700\u68c0\u67e5\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u76ee\u6807\u8bbe\u5907\u662f\u5426\u914d\u7f6e\u4e86\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        3. \n
          \u4e3b\u673a\u5bc6\u94a5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5931\u8d25<\/strong>
          \u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u673a\u5bc6\u94a5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\u5c06hostkey_verify<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aFalse<\/code>\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5e76\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u914d\u7f6e\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u5bc6\u94a5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \u4e94\u3001\u6269\u5c55\u529f\u80fd<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \n
          1. \n
            \u652f\u6301\u7684\u80fd\u529b<\/strong>
            \u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7m.server_capabilities<\/code>\u67e5\u770bNETCONF\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u652f\u6301\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            for capability in m.server_capabilities:<\/p>\n
                print(capability)<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
          2. \n
            \u8ba2\u9605\u901a\u77e5<\/strong>
            ncclient\u8fd8\u652f\u6301NETCONF\u7684\u901a\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba2\u9605\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u901a\u77e5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            with manager.connect(<\/p>\n
                host='192.168.1.1',<\/p>\n
                port=830,<\/p>\n
                username='admin',<\/p>\n
                password='admin',<\/p>\n
                hostkey_verify=False<\/p>\n
            ) as m:<\/p>\n
                m.create_subscription()<\/p>\n
                print("Subscribed to notifications")<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
          3. \n
            \u9501\u5b9a\u548c\u89e3\u9501\u914d\u7f6e<\/strong>
            \u5728\u4fee\u6539\u914d\u7f6e\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9501\u5b9a\u914d\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u5176\u4ed6\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            m.lock(target='running')<\/p>\n
            perform configuration changes<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            m.unlock(target='running')<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            \u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Python\u8f7b\u677e\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u64cd\u4f5cNETCONF\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u5730\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
             \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u8fde\u63a5\u5230NETCONF\u8bbe\u5907\uff1f<\/strong>
            \u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u5230NETCONF\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528ncclient<\/code>\u5e93\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u60a8\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u8be5\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7pip install ncclient<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\u3002\u8fde\u63a5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2amanager<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u8bbe\u5907\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u3001\u7aef\u53e3\u3001\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
            from ncclient import manager\n\nwith manager.connect(host='192.168.1.1', port=830, username='admin', password='password', hostkey_verify=False) as m:\n    print("Connected to NETCONF device")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
            NETCONF\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff1f<\/strong>
            \u5728\u8fde\u63a5NETCONF\u8bbe\u5907\u65f6\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u5305\u62ec\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25\u3001\u8ba4\u8bc1\u9519\u8bef\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0d\u652f\u6301NETCONF\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u9632\u706b\u5899\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u8ba4\u8bbe\u5907\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u542f\u7528\u4e86NETCONF\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9047\u5230\u8ba4\u8bc1\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8bf7\u518d\u6b21\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n
            \u4f7f\u7528Python\u8fdb\u884cNETCONF\u64cd\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u54ea\u4e9b\u4e8b\u9879\uff1f<\/strong>
            \u8fdb\u884cNETCONF\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u548c\u7248\u672c\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4f7f\u7528\u7684NETCONF\u534f\u8bae\u7248\u672c\u4e0e\u8bbe\u5907\u652f\u6301\u7684\u7248\u672c\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u8981\u6ce8\u610fXML\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u56e0\u683c\u5f0f\u95ee\u9898\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528ncclient<\/code>\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee3\u7801\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u5904\u7406\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Python\u8fde\u63a5NETCONF\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528ncclient\u5e93\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u4f1a\u8bdd\u3001\u53d1\u9001RPC\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94 […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":928236,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/928232"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=928232"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/928232\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":928237,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/928232\/revisions\/928237"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/928236"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=928232"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=928232"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=928232"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}