{"id":310462,"date":"2024-05-20T21:50:51","date_gmt":"2024-05-20T13:50:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/310462.html"},"modified":"2024-05-20T21:50:58","modified_gmt":"2024-05-20T13:50:58","slug":"springboot-%e6%a1%86%e6%9e%b6%e4%b8%ad%e6%80%8e%e4%b9%88%e9%9b%86%e6%88%90-jpa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/310462.html","title":{"rendered":"SpringBoot \u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u600e\u4e48\u96c6\u6210 JPA"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"SpringBoot<\/p>\n

Spring Boot \u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u96c6\u6210JPA\u4e3b\u8981\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a\u914d\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u5c5e\u6027\u3001\u6dfb\u52a0\u4f9d\u8d56\u5e93\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u5b9e\u4f53\u7c7b\u3001\u7f16\u5199\u4ed3\u5e93\u63a5\u53e3\u3001\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u4f53\u7ba1\u7406\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e8b\u52a1\u5904\u7406<\/strong>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u914d\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u57fa\u7840\u4e14\u5173\u952e\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u8d1f\u8d23\u5efa\u7acbSpring Boot \u5e94\u7528\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u914d\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5728application.properties<\/code>\u6216application.yml<\/code>\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6eJDBC\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6570\u636e\u5e93URL\u3001\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3001\u5bc6\u7801\u4ee5\u53caJPA\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u663e\u793aSQL\u8bed\u53e5\u3001\u6307\u5b9aDialect\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u4e86JPA\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5982Hibernate\u7684DDL\u81ea\u52a8\u66f4\u65b0\u7b56\u7565\uff08\u7528\u4e8e\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u6216\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\uff09\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u6dfb\u52a0\u4f9d\u8d56\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728Spring Boot\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528JPA\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u6dfb\u52a0\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u5728pom.xml<\/code>\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0Spring Data JPA\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

<dependencies><\/p>\n
    <!-- Spring Boot Starter Data JPA --><\/p>\n
    <dependency><\/p>\n
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot<\/groupId><\/p>\n
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa<\/artifactId><\/p>\n
    <\/dependency><\/p>\n
    <!-- \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\uff0c\u4ee5MySQL\u4e3a\u4f8b --><\/p>\n
    <dependency><\/p>\n
        <groupId>mysql<\/groupId><\/p>\n
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java<\/artifactId><\/p>\n
        <scope>runtime<\/scope><\/p>\n
    <\/dependency><\/p>\n
<\/dependencies><\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u5c5e\u6027<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u5728Spring Boot\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u7684application.properties<\/code>\u6216application.yml<\/code>\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# application.properties \u793a\u4f8b<\/p>\n
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql:\/\/localhost:3306\/test?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC<\/p>\n
spring.datasource.username=root<\/p>\n
spring.datasource.password=root<\/p>\n
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver<\/p>\n
JPA\u76f8\u5173\u914d\u7f6e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
spring.jpa.show-sql=true<\/p>\n
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update<\/p>\n
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u5b9e\u4f53\u7c7b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e4b\u540e\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u5b9e\u4f53\u7c7b\u6765\u8868\u793a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u3002\u5b9e\u4f53\u7c7b\u901a\u8fc7\u6ce8\u89e3\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868\u8fdb\u884c\u6620\u5c04\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u7c7b\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import javax.persistence.*;<\/p>\n
@Entity<\/p>\n
@Table(name = "users")<\/p>\n
public class User {<\/p>\n
    @Id<\/p>\n
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)<\/p>\n
    private Long id;<\/p>\n
    @Column(name = "username", nullable = false)<\/p>\n
    private String username;<\/p>\n
    @Column(name = "emAI<\/a>l")<\/p>\n
    private String email;<\/p>\n
    \/\/ standard getters and setters<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u7f16\u5199\u4ed3\u5e93\u63a5\u53e3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Spring Data JPA\u4f7f\u7528\u4ed3\u5e93\u63a5\u53e3\u6765\u62bd\u8c61\u5316\u6570\u636e\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u4ed3\u5e93\u63a5\u53e3\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u7684CRUD\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002Spring Data JPA\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63a5\u53e3\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;<\/p>\n
public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User, Long> {<\/p>\n
    \/\/ \u8fd9\u91cc\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u6dfb\u52a0\u67e5\u8be2\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u4f53\u7ba1\u7406<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b9e\u4f53\u7ba1\u7406\u662f\u5728Spring Boot\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528JPA\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u4e0eSpring\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e\u4e00\u8d77\u5de5\u4f5c\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u5e72\u9884\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u4f8b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u6216\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b9e\u4f53\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u5de5\u5382\uff08EntityManagerFactory\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u5728\u57fa\u672c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u662f\u8f83\u4e3a\u5c11\u89c1\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u4e8b\u52a1\u5904\u7406<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Spring Data JPA\u652f\u6301\u58f0\u660e\u5f0f\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5c42\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528@Transactional<\/code>\u6ce8\u89e3\u6765\u6307\u793a\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u3002Spring\u4f1a\u5904\u7406\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u63d0\u4ea4\u6216\u56de\u6eda\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0cSpring Boot \u5e94\u7528\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u96c6\u6210JPA\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u4f20\u7edfJ2EE\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u7e41\u7410\u7684\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u5c42\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u66f4\u52a0\u76f4\u89c2\u548c\u6613\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
1. \u5982\u4f55\u5728Spring Boot\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u96c6\u6210JPA\u6280\u672f\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u5728Spring Boot\u4e2d\uff0c\u96c6\u6210JPA\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4f60\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u5b9e\u4f53\u7c7b\u548c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684Repository\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u52a8\u6ce8\u5165EntityManager\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528Repository\u63a5\u53e3\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u8bbf\u95ee\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5728Spring Boot\u4e2d\u96c6\u6210JPA\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
2. \u5728Spring Boot\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u4e49JPA\u5b9e\u4f53\u7c7b\uff1f<\/strong>
\n\u5728Spring Boot\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49JPA\u5b9e\u4f53\u7c7b\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5728\u7c7b\u4e0a\u6dfb\u52a0@Entity\u6ce8\u89e3\u5373\u53ef\u5c06\u5176\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2aJPA\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528@Id\u6ce8\u89e3\u6807\u8bb0\u5b9e\u4f53\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u952e\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6dfb\u52a0\u5176\u4ed6\u6ce8\u89e3\uff0c\u5982@Column\u3001@OneToMany\u7b49\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b9e\u4f53\u7c7b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u4f7f\u7528JPA\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u8bbf\u95ee\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b9e\u4f53\u7c7b\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n
3. Spring Boot\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528JPA\u8fdb\u884c\u5173\u8054\u67e5\u8be2\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u5728\u4f7f\u7528JPA\u8fdb\u884c\u5173\u8054\u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\uff0cSpring Boot\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u4f7f\u7528@OneToMany\u6216@ManyToOne\u7b49\u6ce8\u89e3\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b9e\u4f53\u7c7b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5d4c\u5957\u5c5e\u6027\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5982"user.profile"\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5173\u8054\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0cSpring Boot\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u547d\u540d\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u539f\u751f\u67e5\u8be2\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u7f16\u5199\u5173\u8054\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u54ea\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528JPA\u8fdb\u884c\u5173\u8054\u67e5\u8be2\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Spring Boot \u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u96c6\u6210JPA\u4e3b\u8981\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a\u914d\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u5c5e\u6027\u3001\u6dfb\u52a0\u4f9d\u8d56\u5e93\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u5b9e\u4f53\u7c7b\u3001\u7f16\u5199\u4ed3 […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":310469,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/310462"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=310462"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/310462\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/310469"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=310462"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=310462"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=310462"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}