{"id":30480,"date":"2023-05-18T17:10:48","date_gmt":"2023-05-18T09:10:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/?p=30480"},"modified":"2023-07-31T01:49:35","modified_gmt":"2023-07-30T17:49:35","slug":"requests%e6%a8%a1%e5%9d%97%e7%9a%84response-text%e4%b8%8eresponse-content%e6%9c%89%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%e5%8c%ba%e5%88%ab","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/30480.html","title":{"rendered":"requests\u6a21\u5757\u7684response.text\u4e0eresponse.content\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

requests\u6a21\u5757\u7684response.text\u4e0eresponse.content\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff1a1\u3001\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff1b2\u3001\u6570\u636e\u7f16\u7801\uff1b3\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u540c\u662f\u6307response.text\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a unicode \u578b\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6570\u636e\uff0cresponse.content\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u662f bytes \u578b\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

\u4e00\u3001requests\u6a21\u5757\u7684response.text\u4e0eresponse.content\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b<\/h2>\n

1\u3001\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b<\/h3>\n

response.text\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a unicode \u578b\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6587\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u722c\u53d6\uff1bresponse.content\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u662f bytes \u578b\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u56fe\u7247\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u722c\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u6570\u636e\u7f16\u7801<\/h3>\n

response.text\u9ed8\u8ba4\u201diso-8859-1\u201d\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8bdd\u662f\u6839\u636e\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u6765\u731c\u6d4b\u7f16\u7801\uff1bresponse.content \u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u662f\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n

3\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5185\u5bb9<\/h3>\n

response.text\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u662fUnicode\u578b\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5373\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u54cd\u5e94\u89e3\u7801\u540e\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff1b\u800cresponse.content\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u662fbytes\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001Requests\u7b80\u4ecb<\/h2>\n

1\u3001requests\u5e93\u7b80\u4ecb<\/h3>\n

Urllib \u548c Requests \u6a21\u5757\u662f\u53d1\u8d77 http \u8bf7\u6c42\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u867d\u7136 Python \u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d urllib \u6a21\u5757\u5df2\u7ecf\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5e73\u5e38\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u7684 API \u4f7f\u7528\u8d77\u6765\u8ba9\u4eba\u611f\u89c9\u4e0d\u592a\u597d\uff0c\u800c Requests \u81ea\u79f0\u201chttp for Humans\u201d\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u7b80\u6d01\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002Requests\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86urllib\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7279\u6027\u3002Requests\u652f\u6301http\u8fde\u63a5\u4fdd\u6301\u548c\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u4f7f\u7528cookie \u4fdd\u6301\u4f1a\u8bdd\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u4f20\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u52a8\u786e\u5b9a\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u56fd\u9645\u5316\u7684 URL \u548c POST \u6570 \u636e\u81ea\u52a8\u7f16\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n

**requests \u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u5b9e\u73b0\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f urllib3(urllib2 \u7684\u5347\u7ea7\u7248\u2014python2 \u652f\u6301) **Requests \u7684\u6587\u6863\u975e\u5e38\u5b8c\u5907\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u6587\u6863\u4e5f\u76f8\u5f53\u4e0d\u9519\u3002Requests \u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u6ee1\u8db3\u5f53\u524d\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c \u652f\u6301 Python 2.6\u20143.6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f00\u6e90\u5730\u5740<\/strong>\uff1ahttp:\/\/github.com\/kennethreitz\/requests<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u6587\u6587\u6863 API<\/strong>\uff1ahttp:\/\/2.python-requests.org\/zh_CN\/latest\/<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u5b89\u88c5\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h3>\n

\u5229\u7528 pip \u5b89\u88c5\u6216\u8005\u5229\u7528 easy_install \u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n

$ pip install requests<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4e09\u3001Requests\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u4f7f\u7528<\/h2>\n
1\u3001Get \u8bf7\u6c42<\/h3>\n
\u53d1\u9001\u65e0\u53c2\u6570\u7684get\u8bf7\u6c42,\u5c1d\u8bd5\u83b7\u53d6\u67d0\u4e2a\u7f51\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n
r = requests.get('http:\/\/www.baidu.com')<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u53d1\u9001\u65e0\u53c2\u6570\u7684get\u8bf7\u6c42 \u8bbe\u7f6e\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4 timeout \u5355\u4f4d\u79d2\u3002<\/p>\n
r = requests.get('http:\/\/www.baidu.com', timeout=1)<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4f60\u4e5f\u8bb8\u7ecf\u5e38\u60f3\u4e3a URL \u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32(query string) \u4f20\u9012\u67d0\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u662f\u624b\u5de5\u6784\u5efa URL\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u4ee5\u952e\/\u503c\u5bf9\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u7f6e\u4e8e URL \u4e2d\uff0c\u8ddf\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u53f7\u7684\u540e\u9762\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c www.baidu.com\/?key=val\u3002 Requests \u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528 params \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5b57\u5178\u6765\u63d0\u4f9b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u4f20\u9012 key1=value1 \u548c key2=value2 \u5230 www.baidu.com\/ \uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n
payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}r = requests.get(\"https:\/\/www.baidu.com\/\", params=payload)print(r.url)https:\/\/www.baidu.com\/?key2=value2&key1=value1<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4f60\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u4f5c\u4e3a\u503c\u4f20\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n
payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': ['value2', 'value3']}r = requests.get('http:\/\/www.baidu.com\/', params=payload)print(r.url)http:\/\/www.baidu.com\/?key2=value2&key2=value3&key1=value1<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5b9a\u5236\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u4e3a\u8bf7\u6c42\u6dfb\u52a0 HTTP \u5934\u90e8\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u4f20\u9012\u4e00\u4e2a dict \u7ed9 headers \u53c2\u6570\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
url = 'https:\/\/www.baidu.com\/s?wd=python'headers = {'Content-Type': 'text\/html;charset=utf-8','User-Agent' : 'Mozilla\/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64)'}r = requests.get(url,headers=headers)<\/code><\/pre>\n
Response\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n
r.url #\u6253\u5370\u8f93\u51fa\u8be5 URL\nr.headers #\u4ee5\u5b57\u5178\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b58\u50a8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u5178\u6bd4\u8f83\u7279\u6b8a\uff0c\u5b57\u5178\u952e\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\uff0c\u82e5\u952e\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u8fd4\u56deNone\nr.status_code #\u8fd4\u56de\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\uff0c200\u6b63\u5e38\u3002\nr.text #\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4ee5unicode\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fd4\u56de\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7f51\u9875\u6e90\u7801\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\nr.content #\u4ee5\u5b57\u8282\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\uff09\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u5b57\u8282\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53\uff0c\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u4e3a\u4f60\u89e3\u7801 gzip \u548c deflate \u538b\u7f29\u3002\nr.json() #\u628a\u7f51\u9875\u4e2d\u7684json\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u6210\u5b57\u5178\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\nr.encoding #\u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u7f16\u7801\nr.encoding = 'ISO-8859-1' #\u6307\u5b9a\u7f16\u7801,r.text\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5199\u5728r.text\u4e4b\u524d\u3002<\/code><\/pre>\n
2\u3001POST \u8bf7\u6c42<\/h3>\n
HTTP \u534f\u8bae\u89c4\u5b9a POST \u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5fc5\u987b\u653e\u5728\u6d88\u606f\u4e3b\u4f53\uff08entity-body\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u534f\u8bae\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u89c4\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u4ec0\u4e48\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u5f0f,\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u901a\u8fc7\u662f\u6839\u636e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u4e2d\u7684Content-Type\u5b57\u6bb5\u6765\u83b7\u77e5\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u4e3b\u4f53\u662f\u7528\u4f55\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u518d\u5bf9\u6d88\u606f\u4e3b\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u6790\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u5f0f\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n
    \n
  • \u6700\u5e38\u89c1post\u63d0\u4ea4\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5form\u8868\u5355\u5f62\u5f0f\u63d0\u4ea4\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u4ee5json\u4e32\u63d0\u4ea4\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u4e00\u822c\u4f7f\u7528\u6765\u4e0a\u4f20\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    \u5b9e\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n
    \u4ee5form\u5f62\u5f0f\u53d1\u9001post\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0cReqeusts\u652f\u6301\u4ee5form\u8868\u5355\u5f62\u5f0f\u53d1\u9001post\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u6784\u9020\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f20\u7ed9requests.post()\u7684data\u53c2\u6570\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n
    payload = {'key1': 'value1',\n'key2': 'value2'\n}\nr = requests.post(\"http:\/\/httpbin.org\/post\", data=payload)\nprint(r.text)\n\u2026\n\"form\": {\n\"key1\": \"value1\",\n\"key2\": \"value2\"\n},<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u4ee5json\u5f62\u5f0f\u53d1\u9001post\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e00 json\u4e32\u4f20\u7ed9requests.post()\u7684data\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n
    url = 'http:\/\/httpbin.org\/post'\npayload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}\nr = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload))\nprint(r.text)\nprint(r.headers.get('Content-Type'))\napplication\/json<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u4ee5multipart\u5f62\u5f0f\u53d1\u9001post\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0cRequests\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u4ee5multipart\u5f62\u5f0f\u53d1\u9001post\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5c06\u4e00\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u7ed9requests.post()\u7684files\u53c2\u6570\u5373\u53ef,\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6report.txt\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u884c\uff1aHello world!\uff0c\u4ece\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5df2\u4e0a\u4f20\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
    url = 'http:\/\/httpbin.org\/post'\nfiles = {'file': open('report.txt', 'rb')}\nr = requests.post(url, files=files)\nprint(r.text)\n\n{\n\u2026\n\"files\": {\n\"file\": \"hello world\"\n},\n\"form\": {},\n\"headers\": {\n\"Content-Type\": \"multipart\/form-data; boundary=6db46af64e694661985109da21c8fe9b\",\n\n},\n\"json\": null,\n\"origin\": \"223.72.217.138\",\n\"url\": \"http:\/\/httpbin.org\/post\"\n\u2026\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u5ef6\u4f38\u9605\u8bfb1\uff1aPython\u7b80\u4ecb<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n
    Python\u7531\u8377\u5170\u6570\u5b66\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5b66\u4f1a\u7684\u5409\u591a\u00b7\u8303\u7f57\u82cf\u59c6\u4e8e1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u95e8\u53eb\u505aABC\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u54c1\u3002Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u6709\u6548\u5730\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u3002Python\u8bed\u6cd5\u548c\u52a8\u6001\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u89e3\u91ca\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u6210\u4e3a\u591a\u6570\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u5199\u811a\u672c\u548c\u5feb\u901f\u5f00\u53d1\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u7248\u672c\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u65b0\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u6dfb\u52a0\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u3001\u5927\u578b\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"requests\u6a21\u5757\u7684response.text\u4e0eresponse.content\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff1a1\u3001\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff1b […]","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":30483,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[119],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30480"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30480"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30480\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30483"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30480"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30480"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30480"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}