{"id":298542,"date":"2024-05-20T16:55:20","date_gmt":"2024-05-20T08:55:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/298542.html"},"modified":"2024-05-20T16:55:28","modified_gmt":"2024-05-20T08:55:28","slug":"c-%e4%b8%ad%ef%bc%8c%e5%bc%95%e7%94%a8%e5%92%8c%e6%8c%87%e9%92%88%e7%9a%84%e5%8c%ba%e5%88%ab%e6%98%af%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/298542.html","title":{"rendered":"c \u4e2d\uff0c\u5f15\u7528\u548c\u6307\u9488\u7684\u533a\u522b\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"c<\/p>\n

\u5728C++\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f15\u7528<\/strong>\u548c\u6307\u9488<\/strong>\u662f\u4e24\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6216\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6839\u672c\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\u5f15\u7528\u662f\u67d0\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u522b\u540d\uff0c\u800c\u6307\u9488\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5730\u5740<\/strong>\u3002\u5c06\u5f15\u7528\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u58f0\u660e\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u94fe\u63a5\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u58f0\u660e\u65f6\u88ab\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u6210\u4e3a\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u5b83\u5b58\u50a8\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u8d4b\u503c\u4ee5\u6307\u5411\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6216\u6539\u53d8\u6240\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5c55\u5f00\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u5f15\u7528\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u58f0\u660e\u65f6\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/strong>\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5f15\u7528\u4e00\u65e6\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u522b\u540d\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u6210\u6307\u5411\u5176\u4ed6\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f15\u7528\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6bd4\u6307\u9488\u4f7f\u7528\u8d77\u6765\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u89e3\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u901a\u8fc7 *<\/code> \u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u95f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u60ac\u5782\uff08\u6216\u91ce\uff09\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u98ce\u9669 \u2014\u2014 \u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528\u603b\u662f\u6307\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f15\u7528\u5728\u5982\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u7b49\u573a\u5408\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u603b\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u5b9a\u4e49<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u7279\u6027<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728C++\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f15\u7528\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e2a\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u522b\u540d\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u7b26\u53f7 &<\/code> \u6765\u58f0\u660e\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 int& ref = a;<\/code> \u5176\u4e2d a<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u6574\u578b\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u70b9\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5b83\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u58f0\u660e\u65f6\u88ab\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3001\u4e00\u65e6\u88ab\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u540e\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u6539\u53d8\u6307\u5411\u53e6\u5916\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u4e0d\u5360\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u662f\u5f88\u5c0f\u5230\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ffd\u7565\u4e0d\u8ba1\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u6307\u9488\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u7279\u6027<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u6307\u9488\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5176\u503c\u4e3a\u53e6\u4e00\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5373\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u5730\u5740\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u7b26\u53f7 *<\/code> \u6765\u58f0\u660e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 int* p = &a;<\/code> \u5176\u4e2d a<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u6574\u578b\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u6307\u9488\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u70b9\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a NULL<\/code>\uff08\u6307\u5411\u65e0\u5904\u7684\u6307\u9488\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u6240\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u89e3\u5f15\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26 *<\/code> \u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u76ee\u6807\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u5f15\u7528\u4e0e\u6307\u9488\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8bed\u5883<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u4fbf\u5229\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5f53\u60a8\u5e0c\u671b\u51fd\u6570\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u60f3\u907f\u514d\u5927\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u62f7\u8d1d\u5f00\u9500\u65f6\u3002\u5f15\u7528\u8fd8\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u91cd\u8f7d\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u548c\u8fd4\u56de\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u6307\u9488\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u6307\u9488\u5728C++\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u5e7f\u6cdb\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\uff08\u5982\u901a\u8fc7 new<\/code> \u548c delete<\/code> \u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff09\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u6811\u7b49\u3002\u6307\u9488\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5411\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u7b97\u672f\u8fd0\u7b97\uff08\u5982\u6307\u9488\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u548c\u51cf\u5c11\uff09\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u7279\u6027\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u53d8\u6027<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u5f15\u7528\u4e00\u65e6\u88ab\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6307\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u6307\u5411\u201d\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6307\u9488\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5176\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u5185\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u6307\u5411\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u6307\u9488\u53d8\u91cf\u672c\u8eab\u9700\u8981\u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u6240\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u5f15\u7528\u5219\u88ab\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u5360\u7528\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u5f15\u7528\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u662fNULL<\/code>(\u6216\u4e0d\u6307\u5411\u4efb\u4f55\u5185\u5bb9)\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u800c\u8a00\u6bd4\u6307\u9488\u66f4\u52a0\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u6307\u9488\u82e5\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6216\u8005\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u60ac\u5782\u6307\u9488\u6216\u91ce\u6307\u9488\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u7ed3\u8bba\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u5efa\u8bae<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728C++\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u5f15\u7528\u4e0e\u6307\u9488\u5bf9\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u6548\u7387\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u76f4\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u67d0\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u5bf9\u8c61\u800c\u4e0d\u60f3\u8fdb\u884c\u62f7\u8d1d\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u9996\u9009\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u5f53\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u6216\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u5e94\u9009\u62e9\u6307\u9488\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u533a\u522b\u548c\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7f16\u5199\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684C++\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n

1. \u4ec0\u4e48\u662fc\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u548c\u6307\u9488\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5728C\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f15\u7528\u548c\u6307\u9488\u662f\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5f15\u7528\u662fC++\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u522b\u540d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u518d\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u9488\u95f4\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6307\u9488\u662fC\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u53d8\u91cf\u5730\u5740\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u9488\u53ef\u4ee5\u95f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u4fee\u6539\u5176\u503c\u3002\u6307\u9488\u53d8\u91cf\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u503c\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8be5\u5730\u5740\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u771f\u6b63\u5b58\u50a8\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n

2. \u5f15\u7528\u548c\u6307\u9488\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5f15\u7528\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u548c\u8d4b\u503c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u7528\u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u521b\u5efa\u526f\u672c\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002\u5f15\u7528\u8fd8\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u8fd4\u56de\u591a\u4e2a\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6307\u9488\u5219\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7528\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6d89\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528malloc()\u6216new\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u9488\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5e76\u66f4\u65b0\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/p>\n

3. \u5982\u4f55\u9009\u62e9\u4f7f\u7528\u5f15\u7528\u8fd8\u662f\u6307\u9488\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u5f15\u7528\u8fd8\u662f\u6307\u9488\u4e3b\u8981\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4f20\u9012\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7ed9\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5f15\u7528\u66f4\u52a0\u76f4\u89c2\u548c\u7b80\u6d01\u3002\u800c\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u4f20\u9012\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u6307\u9488\u6216\u8005\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u9488\u5219\u66f4\u5408\u9002\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5f15\u7528\u662f\u5728\u58f0\u660e\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u6539\u53d8\u6240\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u6307\u9488\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u5019\u6307\u5411\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u9700\u8981\u52a8\u6001\u6539\u53d8\u6240\u6307\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6216\u8005\u9700\u8981\u53ef\u9009\u6027\u5730\u5f15\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u9488\u66f4\u4e3a\u7075\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u5728C++\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f15\u7528\u548c\u6307\u9488\u662f\u4e24\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6216\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6839\u672c\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\u5f15 […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":298557,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/298542"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=298542"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/298542\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/298557"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=298542"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=298542"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=298542"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}