{"id":251677,"date":"2024-05-14T20:14:44","date_gmt":"2024-05-14T12:14:44","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2024-05-14T20:14:53","modified_gmt":"2024-05-14T12:14:53","slug":"python%e8%83%bd%e5%a4%9f%e5%81%9a%e8%bd%af%e4%bb%b6%e7%9a%84%e8%87%aa%e5%8a%a8%e5%8c%96%e6%b5%8b%e8%af%95%e5%90%97-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/251677.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u80fd\u591f\u505a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5417"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u80fd\u591f\u505a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5417\"<\/p>\n

Python\u80fd\u591f\u505a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/strong>\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884cWeb\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001API\u63a5\u53e3\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u79fb\u52a8\u5e94\u7528\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u6027\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u56fe\u5f62\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\uff08GUI\uff09\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/strong>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cWeb\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u662fSelenium\uff0c\u5b83\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5e76\u53ef\u7528Python\u811a\u672c\u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0cPython\u7684unittest\u6846\u67b6\u4e5f\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5957\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8f6f\u4ef6\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9886\u57df\uff0cPython\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u5e93\u548c\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u8ba9\u6d4b\u8bd5\u53d8\u5f97\u7b80\u6d01\u4e14\u9ad8\u6548\u3002\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cSelenium\u4e0ePython\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u7f51\u9875\u4e0a\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\uff0c\u5982\u70b9\u51fb\u3001\u586b\u5199\u8868\u5355\u3001\u62d6\u62fd\u7b49\uff0c\u80fd\u8986\u76d6\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570Web\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001WEB\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

Web\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u662f\u6307\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u5de5\u5177\u5bf9\u7f51\u9875\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002Python\u4e2d\u8457\u540d\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177Selenium WebDriver\u5141\u8bb8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4eba\u5458\u7f16\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u53bb\u6a21\u62df\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\u70b9\u51fb\u6309\u94ae\u3001\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u672c\u3001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\u7b49\u3002\u901a\u8fc7Selenium WebDriver\u7684API\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7a97\u53e3\u3001\u5bf9\u9875\u9762\u5143\u7d20\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u540c\u6b65\u6d4b\u8bd5\u811a\u672c\u4ee5\u7b49\u5f85\u9875\u9762\u52a0\u8f7d\u6216\u8005\u5143\u7d20\u53d8\u5f97\u53ef\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1. \u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u8981\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684WebDriver\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u5199Python\u811a\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u7f16\u5199\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0bPython\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e2a\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u5e76\u70b9\u51fb\u4e00\u4e2a\u6309\u94ae\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

from selenium import webdriver<\/p>\n
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys<\/p>\n
\u521d\u59cb\u5316WebDriver<\/strong><\/h2>\n
driver = webdriver.Chrome()<\/p>\n
\u6253\u5f00\u7f51\u9875<\/strong><\/h2>\n
driver.get("http:\/\/www.example.com")<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u5143\u7d20ID\u67e5\u627e\u6309\u94ae\u5e76\u70b9\u51fb<\/strong><\/h2>\n
button = driver.find_element_by_id("submit_button")<\/p>\n
button.click()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Web\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\u662f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u73af\u8282\u3002\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408\u65ad\u8a00\u6765\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e00\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7f51\u9875\u4e0a\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u3001\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u5c5e\u6027\u6216\u8005\u9875\u9762\u8df3\u8f6c\u540eURL\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6b65\u9aa4\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001API\u63a5\u53e3\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
API\u63a5\u53e3\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e3b\u8981\u9a8c\u8bc1\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u3002Python\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5e93\u6709requests\u3001unittest\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed3\u5408\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e93\u548cPython\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u7f16\u5199API\u6d4b\u8bd5\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u63a5\u53e3\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
requests\u662fPython\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u6d41\u884c\u7684HTTP\u5e93\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u3002\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4eba\u5458\u53d1\u9001HTTP\/1.1\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u573a\u666f\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684requests\u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u8303\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
response = requests.get('https:\/\/api.example.com\/data')<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u8fd4\u56de\u7684JSON\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
data = response.json()<\/p>\n
\u786e\u4fdd\u8bf7\u6c42\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u54cd\u5e94<\/strong><\/h2>\n
assert response.status_code == 200<\/p>\n
\u786e\u4fdd\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u9884\u671f\u7684key<\/strong><\/h2>\n
assert "expected_key" in data<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u91c7\u7528unittest\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65ad\u8a00<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
unittest\u662fPython\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5957\u4ef6\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5API\u63a5\u53e3\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528unittest\u91cc\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u63a5\u53e3\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u79fb\u52a8\u5e94\u7528\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u540c\u6837\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u79fb\u52a8\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002Appium\u662f\u4e00\u6b3e\u5f00\u6e90\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u652f\u6301iOS\u548cAndroid\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528Python\u6765\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u811a\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u7ed3\u5408Appium\u8fdb\u884c\u79fb\u52a8\u5e94\u7528\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\uff0cAppium\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e0eSelenium WebDriver\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684API\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5c11\u91cf\u4fee\u6539\u5373\u53ef\u8ba9Web\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u811a\u672c\u9002\u914d\u79fb\u52a8\u7aef\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u79fb\u52a8\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u7279\u6709\u6d4b\u8bd5\u573a\u5408<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u79fb\u52a8\u5e94\u7528\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u529f\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u5982\u624b\u52bf\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u8de8\u5e94\u7528\u4ea4\u4e92\u3001\u4f4d\u7f6e\u670d\u52a1\u7b49\u79fb\u52a8\u7279\u6709\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002Python\u901a\u8fc7Appium\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u80fd\u591f\u8f7b\u677e\u6a21\u62df\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6027\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e3b\u8981\u8bc4\u4f30\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u7b49\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u538b\u529b\u4e0b\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3002Python\u5177\u6709\u5982locust\u548cjmeter\u7b49\u6027\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u4f7f\u7528Locust\u8fdb\u884c\u6027\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
Locust\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u7eafPython\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u5f00\u6e90\u6027\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5b9a\u4e49\u7528\u6237\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u6784\u5efa\u6d4b\u8bd5\u573a\u666f\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u6570\u4ee5\u767e\u4e07\u8ba1\u7684\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u5206\u6790\u6027\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u6027\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u56fe\u5f62\u53ca\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u5f62\u5f0f\u5c55\u73b0\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4eba\u5458\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5224\u65ad\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u72b6\u51b5\u3002Python\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u80fd\u529b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5c55\u793a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001GUI\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e93\u5982PyAutoGUI\u548cPywinauto\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u684c\u9762\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684GUI\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u4f7f\u7528PyAutoGUI\u8fdb\u884cGUI\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
PyAutoGUI\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u9f20\u6807\u548c\u952e\u76d8\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u684c\u9762\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u5b83\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u652f\u6301Windows\u3001macOS\u3001Linux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u4f7f\u7528Pywinauto\u9488\u5bf9Windows\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
Pywinauto\u662f\u4e13\u95e8\u4e3aWindows GUI\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u5fae\u8f6f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u9762\u8868\u73b0\u5c24\u4e3a\u51fa\u8272\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u8fdb\u884cWindows\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0cPython\u5728\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u4e14\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u591a\u79cd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u8fd8\u62e5\u6709\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5e93\u548c\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4eba\u5458\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u7f16\u5199\u548c\u6267\u884c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u811a\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
1. \u80fd\u7528Python\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5417\uff1f<\/strong>
\n\u662f\u7684\uff0cPython\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002Python\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5b83\u62e5\u6709\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u548c\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u9002\u5408\u7f16\u5199\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u811a\u672c\u3002\u4f7f\u7528Python\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4eba\u5de5\u6295\u5165\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u548c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
2. \u5728\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\uff0cPython\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u4f18\u52bf\uff1f<\/strong>
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