{"id":226157,"date":"2024-05-11T20:20:14","date_gmt":"2024-05-11T12:20:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/226157.html"},"modified":"2024-05-11T20:20:21","modified_gmt":"2024-05-11T12:20:21","slug":"%e5%88%9d%e5%ad%a6%e8%80%85%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%94%a8python%e7%88%ac%e8%99%ab%e6%8a%80%e6%9c%af%e6%8a%93%e5%8f%96%e7%bd%91%e9%a1%b5%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/226157.html","title":{"rendered":"\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u7528\u201cpython\u722c\u866b\u201d\u6280\u672f\u6293\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u6570\u636e"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u7528\u201cpython\u722c\u866b\u201d\u6280\u672f\u6293\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u6570\u636e\"<\/p>\n

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\u4e00\u3001\u4e86\u89e3HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

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\u4e86\u89e3HTTP\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e3b\u8981\u6709GET\u3001POST\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dGET\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u8bf7\u6c42\u8bbf\u95ee\u5df2\u88abURI\uff08\u7edf\u4e00\u8d44\u6e90\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\uff09\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7URL\u4f20\u9001\u53c2\u6570\uff1b\u800cPOST\u65b9\u6cd5\u5219\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u66f4\u65b0\u8d44\u6e90\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u7406\u89e3\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e0e\u54cd\u5e94<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

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\u4e8c\u3001\u5b66\u4e60Python\u7f16\u7a0b\u57fa\u7840<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

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\u5b89\u88c5Python<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u5b89\u88c5Python\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u914d\u7f6e\u4e86\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u3002\u4f7f\u7528pip\uff08Python\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff09\u5b89\u88c5\u722c\u866b\u6240\u9700\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u7f16\u5199\u57fa\u672c\u811a\u672c<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u5b66\u4f1a\u7f16\u5199\u57fa\u672c\u7684Python\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u719f\u7ec3\u4f7f\u7528\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u6216IDE\uff08\u96c6\u6210\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5199\u722c\u866b\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u9996\u8981\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u7ec3\u4e60\u7f16\u5199\u5e76\u8fd0\u884c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ee5\u52a0\u6df1\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u53d1\u8d77HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

\u8981\u6293\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5f97\u83b7\u53d6\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684requests\u5e93\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5b89\u88c5\u4e0e\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

import requests<\/p>\n
response = requests.get('http:\/\/example.com')<\/p>\n
html = response.text<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u6dfb\u52a0\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5982HTTP\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u8d85\u65f6\u7b49\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u89e3\u6790HTML\u5185\u5bb9<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u7f51\u9875\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u540e\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u4ece\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u9aa4\u79f0\u4e3a\u89e3\u6790HTML\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u89e3\u6790\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
BeautifulSoup\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4eceHTML\u6216XML\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7684Python\u5e93\u3002\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u7b5b\u9009\u6807\u7b7e\u3001\u5bfc\u822a\u6587\u6863\u6811\u548c\u641c\u7d22\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5229\u7528DOM\u6811\u7ed3\u6784\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6570\u636e<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u719f\u6089\u6587\u6863\u5bf9\u8c61\u6a21\u578b\uff08DOM\uff09\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u5143\u7d20\u7684id\u3001class\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5c5e\u6027\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u6570\u636e<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u4eceHTML\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u662f\u722c\u866b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u63d0\u53d6\u6280\u5de7\u662f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u63d0\u53d6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6587\u672c\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3a\u6587\u672c\u641c\u7d22\u548c\u590d\u6742\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4fe1\u606f\u63d0\u53d6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u7684\u4fbf\u5229\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u9002\u7528\u6027\u975e\u5e38\u5e7f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528XPath\u6216CSS\u9009\u62e9\u5668<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b66\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528XPath\u6216CSS\u9009\u62e9\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5b9a\u4f4d\u548c\u6570\u636e\u62bd\u53d6\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982lxml\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684etree\u6a21\u5757\u5c31\u80fd\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u6293\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u540e\uff0c\u59cb\u7ec8\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u67d0\u5904\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3a\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u81f3\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6216\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3aJSON\u3001CSV\u7b49\u683c\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3a\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u4f7f\u7528\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684SQLite\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684MySQL\u3001PostgreSQL\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u9075\u5b88\u722c\u866b\u793c\u4eea<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4f7f\u7528Python\u722c\u866b\u6280\u672f\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u9075\u5b88\u67d0\u4e9b\u7f51\u7edc\u793c\u4eea\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6761\u6b3e\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5bf9\u7f51\u7ad9\u670d\u52a1\u9020\u6210\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5c0a\u91cdrobots.txt<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
robots.txt\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7f51\u7ad9\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5b83\u544a\u8bc9\u722c\u866b\u54ea\u4e9b\u9875\u9762\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6293\u53d6\u7684\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u662f\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5408\u7406\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u9891\u7387<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u9632\u6b62\u5bf9\u7f51\u7ad9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9020\u6210\u8fc7\u5927\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u5e94\u5408\u7406\u8bbe\u7f6e\u722c\u866b\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u95f4\u9694\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u8fdb\u884c\u9ad8\u9891\u7387\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0cPython\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u5c31\u80fd\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7f51\u9875\u6570\u636e\u6293\u53d6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u968f\u7740\u4e0d\u65ad\u6df1\u5165\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b66\u4e60\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5982\u5f02\u6b65\u722c\u866b\u3001\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u722c\u866b\u4ee5\u53ca\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u5e94\u5bf9\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u63d0\u5347\u722c\u866b\u6548\u7387\u4e0e\u6293\u53d6\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Q: \u5982\u4f55\u5165\u95e8python\u722c\u866b\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u6293\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u6570\u636e\uff1f<\/strong>
\nA: \u5165\u95e8python\u722c\u866b\u6280\u672f\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u6293\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u6570\u636e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3Python\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u5e93\uff0c\u5982requests\u548cBeautifulSoup\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u5199\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u811a\u672c\u6765\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u89e3\u6790HTML\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4ece\u7f51\u9875\u4e2d\u6293\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528CSS\u9009\u62e9\u5668\u6216XPath\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6765\u5b9a\u4f4d\u548c\u63d0\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u53cd\u722c\u63aa\u65bd\u5e76\u91c7\u53d6\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u4e5f\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
Q: \u54ea\u4e9b\u662f\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684Python\u722c\u866b\u5e93\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6293\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u6570\u636e\uff1f<\/strong>
\nA: \u521d\u5b66\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\u7684Python\u722c\u866b\u5e93\u6765\u6293\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0crequests\u5e93\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u89e3\u6790HTML\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u5e93\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u63d0\u53d6\u51fa\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u662fScrapy\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u81ea\u52a8\u5904\u7406\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u5bfc\u822a\u548c\u5904\u7406JavaScript\u6e32\u67d3\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e93\u90fd\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u6587\u6863\u548c\u6559\u7a0b\u4f9b\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u5b66\u4e60\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
Q: \u5728\u4f7f\u7528Python\u722c\u866b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u7f51\u7ad9\u5c4f\u853d\u6216\u5c01\u7981\uff1f<\/strong>
\nA: \u5728\u4f7f\u7528Python\u722c\u866b\u6293\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u9075\u5b88\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6761\u6b3e\u548crobots.txt\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u8981\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u7f51\u7ad9\u5c4f\u853d\u6216\u5c01\u7981\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b56\u7565\uff1a<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. \u63a7\u5236\u722c\u53d6\u901f\u5ea6\uff1a\u5408\u7406\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bbf\u95ee\u95f4\u9694\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u8fc7\u5feb\u5730\u8bf7\u6c42\u9875\u9762\u3002<\/li>\n
  2. \u8bbe\u7f6e\u968f\u673a\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff1a\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u6dfb\u52a0\u968f\u673a\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff0c\u6a21\u62df\u771f\u5b9e\u7528\u6237\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n
  3. \u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406IP\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406IP\u53ef\u4ee5\u9690\u85cf\u4f60\u7684\u771f\u5b9eIP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u533f\u540d\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n
  4. \u4f2a\u88c5\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6eUser-Agent\u5934\u90e8\uff0c\u6a21\u62df\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/li>\n
  5. \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\/\u5f02\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u5f02\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u722c\u53d6\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u5bf9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u538b\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \u8bf7\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528Python\u722c\u866b\u65f6\u8981\u9075\u5b88\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5e76\u4fdd\u6301\u5408\u7406\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u53d1\u73b0\u88ab\u5c01\u7981\u6216\u5c4f\u853d\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u9002\u5f53\u8c03\u6574\u7b56\u7565\u6216\u5bfb\u627e\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u6293\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u6570\u636e\u662fPython\u722c\u866b\u6280\u672f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u9996\u5148\u8981\u638c\u63e1\u51e0\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u4e86\u89e3HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3001\u719f\u6089HTML […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":226167,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/226157"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=226157"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/226157\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/226167"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=226157"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=226157"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=226157"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}