{"id":184158,"date":"2024-05-08T22:01:51","date_gmt":"2024-05-08T14:01:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/184158.html"},"modified":"2024-05-08T22:01:59","modified_gmt":"2024-05-08T14:01:59","slug":"go%e8%af%ad%e8%a8%80%ef%bc%8c%e4%b8%ad%e6%9c%89%e6%8a%bd%e8%b1%a1%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95%e5%90%97","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/184158.html","title":{"rendered":"go\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4e2d\u6709\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\u5417"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"go\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4e2d\u6709\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\u5417\"<\/p>\n

Go\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5982Java\u6216C++\u90a3\u6837\u76f4\u63a5\u5b9a\u4e49\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5728Go\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u63a5\u53e3\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u63a5\u53e3\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7ec4\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u800c\u672a\u5305\u542b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5b9e\u73b0<\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u8981\u6c42\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u53bb\u5b9e\u73b0\u63a5\u53e3\u4e2d\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u8981\u5728Go\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u7c7b\u4f3c\u201c\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\u201d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u5e76\u5728\u63a5\u53e3\u4e2d\u4ec5\u58f0\u660e\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u53bb\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c31\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u62e5\u6709\u63a5\u53e3\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u9610\u8ff0\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u63a5\u53e3\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u5e94\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001GO\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0e\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6a21\u62df<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

Go\u8bed\u8a00\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f20\u7edf\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684abstract<\/code>\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u6765\u76f4\u63a5\u5b9a\u4e49\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b\u6216\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46Go\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u673a\u5236\u4e3a\u62bd\u8c61\u5c42\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5728Go\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u591a\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u62bd\u8c61<\/strong>\uff0c\u800c\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\u63a5\u53e3\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5176\u201c\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6a21\u62df\u6b65\u9aa4<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u63a5\u53e3\u5b9a\u4e49<\/h5>\n<\/p>\n

\u63a5\u53e3\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u6a21\u62df\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u5b83\u4ec5\u58f0\u660e\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

type Shape interface {<\/p>\n
    Area() float64<\/p>\n
    Perimeter() float64<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h5>\n<\/p>\n
\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u6309\u7167\u63a5\u53e3\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
type Rectangle struct {<\/p>\n
    Width  float64<\/p>\n
    Height float64<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
func (r Rectangle) Area() float64 {<\/p>\n
    return r.Width * r.Height<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
func (r Rectangle) Perimeter() float64 {<\/p>\n
    return 2 * (r.Width + r.Height)<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u63a5\u53e3<\/h5>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u63a5\u53e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u5177\u6709\u62bd\u8c61\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
func Calculate(s Shape) {<\/p>\n
    fmt.Println("Area:", s.Area())<\/p>\n
    fmt.Println("Perimeter:", s.Perimeter())<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u63a5\u53e3\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u63a5\u53e3\u63d0\u4f9b\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u96c6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u63a5\u53e3\u5141\u8bb8\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9e\u73b0\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u96c6\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u63d0\u4f9b\u591a\u6001\u6027\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f9d\u636e\u63a5\u53e3\u6765\u7edf\u4e00\u8c03\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u4eec\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6267\u884c\u903b\u8f91\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u63a5\u53e3\u4e0e\u4f9d\u8d56\u5012\u7f6e<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5927\u578b\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\uff0c\u4f9d\u8d56\u5012\u7f6e\uff08Dependency Inversion\uff09\u539f\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u5021\u201c\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u62bd\u8c61\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u201d\u3002\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u662f\u4f9d\u8d56\u5012\u7f6e\u539f\u5219\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4f9d\u8d56\u63a5\u53e3\u800c\u975e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6a21\u5757\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u89e3\u8026\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u548c\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u4f7f\u7528<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u63a5\u53e3\u5d4c\u5957<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
Go\u8fd8\u5141\u8bb8\u63a5\u53e3\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5d4c\u5957\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u7ec4\u5408\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u66f4\u5927\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
type ReadWriter interface {<\/p>\n
    Reader<\/p>\n
    Writer<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5d4c\u5165\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
Go\u8bed\u8a00\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u5d4c\u5165\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u6269\u5c55\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u96c6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
type Base struct{}<\/p>\n
func (Base) Foo() {}<\/p>\n
type Derived struct {<\/p>\n
    Base<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
d := Derived{}<\/p>\n
d.Foo() \/\/ \u8c03\u7528\u5d4c\u5165\u7684Base\u7c7b\u578b\u7684Foo\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u8fdb\u9636\u7528\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u63a5\u53e3\u65ad\u8a00<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u63a5\u53e3\u65ad\u8a00\uff08Type Assertion\uff09\u6765\u68c0\u6d4b\u548c\u8f6c\u6362\u63a5\u53e3\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
var i interface{} = "hello"<\/p>\n
s, ok := i.(string)<\/p>\n
fmt.Println(s, ok)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7a7a\u63a5\u53e3<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u7a7a\u63a5\u53e3\uff08Empty Interface\uff09interface{}<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\u4efb\u4f55\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6240\u6709\u7c7b\u578b\u90fd\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u7a7a\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4efb\u4f55\u503c\u8d4b\u7ed9\u7a7a\u63a5\u53e3\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
var any interface{}<\/p>\n
any = "test"<\/p>\n
any = 123<\/p>\n
any = true<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5305\u542b\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u503c\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u7a7a\u63a5\u53e3\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5b57\u5178\u6216\u5207\u7247\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u50a8\u4efb\u610f\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u503c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7a7a\u63a5\u53e3\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u7c7b\u578b\u65ad\u8a00\u6765\u6062\u590d\u5176\u539f\u59cb\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6b65\u9aa4\u548c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0cGo\u8bed\u8a00\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u652f\u6301\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u7c7b\u578b\u8db3\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u62bd\u8c61\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u3001\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u5f3a\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5177\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
1. Go\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u652f\u6301\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b83\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u6216\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cGo\u8bed\u8a00\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5728Go\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u63a5\u53e3\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u63a5\u53e3\u4e2d\u58f0\u660e\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b7e\u540d\u4f46\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u7c7b\u4f3c\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u8be5\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7edf\u4e00\u5730\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
2. \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u63a5\u53e3\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n
    \n
  • \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u62bd\u8c61\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u7136\u540e\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u8be5\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u5c06\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u63a5\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u6700\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0a\u58f0\u660e\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u63a5\u53e3\u4e2d\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5c06\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u4e0e\u63a5\u53e3\u8fdb\u884c\u5173\u8054\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u63a5\u53e3\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    \u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Go\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u52a0\u7075\u6d3b\u548c\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n
    3. \u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u666e\u901a\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u4f55\u533a\u522b\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n
    \u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u666e\u901a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u533a\u522b\uff1a<\/p>\n
      \n
    • \u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u800c\u666e\u901a\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u7c7b\u6216\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u76f8\u5e94\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u666e\u901a\u65b9\u6cd5\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7c7b\u6216\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b\u672c\u8eab\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u63a5\u53e3\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u666e\u901a\u65b9\u6cd5\u5219\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u6216\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u6765\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n
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