{"id":175860,"date":"2024-05-08T18:59:31","date_gmt":"2024-05-08T10:59:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/175860.html"},"modified":"2024-05-08T18:59:36","modified_gmt":"2024-05-08T10:59:36","slug":"python%e8%af%ad%e8%a8%80%ef%bc%8c%e4%b8%a4%e4%b8%aa%e5%ae%8c%e5%85%a8%e6%97%a0%e5%85%b3%e7%9a%84%e8%bf%9b%e7%a8%8b%ef%bc%8c%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%8a%a0%e9%94%81%e5%92%8c%e4%bf%a1%e5%8f%b7%e9%87%8f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/175860.html","title":{"rendered":"Python\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u52a0\u9501\u548c\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Python\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u52a0\u9501\u548c\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\"<\/p>\n

Python\u8bed\u8a00\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u9501\uff08Locks\uff09\u548c\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\uff08Semaphores\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u534f\u8c03\u4e0d\u540c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u52a0\u9501\u548c\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u673a\u5236\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\uff08IPC\uff09\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u52a0\u9501\uff08Lock\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236<\/strong>\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u9632\u6b62\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u8bbf\u95ee\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u548c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\uff08Semaphore\uff09\uff0c\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e00\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u6216\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u540d\u9501\uff08Named Locks\uff09\u548c\u547d\u540d\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\uff08Named Semaphores\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u522b\u521b\u5efa\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4e0d\u540c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8bc6\u522b\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u540d\u9501<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u540d\u9501\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u83b7\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9501\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c06\u88ab\u963b\u585e\u76f4\u81f3\u8be5\u9501\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1. \u521b\u5efa\u547d\u540d\u9501<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d, multiprocessing<\/code> \u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u521b\u5efa\u9501\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b, \u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u4ef6\u9501(fcntl, lockfile)\u6216\u8005\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u7684\u4e92\u65a5\u91cf(mutex)\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

from multiprocessing import Lock<\/p>\n
lock = Lock()  # \u8fd9\u79cd\u9501\u53ea\u5bf9\u4e8e\u76f8\u5173\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6709\u7528, \u65e0\u5173\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n
import fcntl<\/p>\n
import os<\/p>\n
\u5047\u8bbe\u9501\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n
lockfile = open('\/tmp\/lockfile.lock', 'w')<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    # \u5c1d\u8bd5\u83b7\u53d6\u9501<\/p>\n
    fcntl.flock(lockfile, fcntl.LOCK_EX | fcntl.LOCK_NB)<\/p>\n
    # \u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6267\u884c\u9700\u8981\u4e92\u65a5\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n
finally:<\/p>\n
    # \u91ca\u653e\u9501<\/p>\n
    fcntl.flock(lockfile, fcntl.LOCK_UN)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u540d\u9501<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9700\u8981\u9996\u5148\u5c1d\u8bd5\u83b7\u5f97\u9501\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u83b7\u53d6\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u540e\u7eed\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u91ca\u653e\u8be5\u9501\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u8fdb\u7a0bA<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    # \u5c1d\u8bd5\u83b7\u53d6\u9501<\/p>\n
    fcntl.flock(lockfile, fcntl.LOCK_EX | fcntl.LOCK_NB)<\/p>\n
    # \u6267\u884c\u8fdb\u7a0bA\u9700\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n
finally:<\/p>\n
    # \u91ca\u653e\u9501<\/p>\n
    fcntl.flock(lockfile, fcntl.LOCK_UN)<\/p>\n
\u8fdb\u7a0bB<\/strong><\/h2>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    # \u5c1d\u8bd5\u83b7\u53d6\u9501<\/p>\n
    fcntl.flock(lockfile, fcntl.LOCK_EX | fcntl.LOCK_NB)<\/p>\n
    # \u6267\u884c\u8fdb\u7a0bB\u9700\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n
finally:<\/p>\n
    # \u91ca\u653e\u9501<\/p>\n
    fcntl.flock(lockfile, fcntl.LOCK_UN)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u540d\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u4e3a\u901a\u7528\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fdb\u5165\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u521b\u5efa\u547d\u540d\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u547d\u540d\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7multiprocessing<\/code>\u5e93\u521b\u5efa\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u72ec\u7acb\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5982POSIX\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\uff08Linux\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import posix_ipc<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u547d\u540d\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf<\/strong><\/h2>\n
sem = posix_ipc.Semaphore("\/semaphore_name", posix_ipc.O_CREAT, initial_value=1)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u540d\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u4e3a0\uff0c\u5219\u83b7\u53d6\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u963b\u585e\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u4e0d\u4e3a0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u8fdb\u7a0bA<\/p>\n
sem.acquire()<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    # \u6267\u884c\u8fdb\u7a0bA\u9700\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n
finally:<\/p>\n
    sem.release()<\/p>\n
\u8fdb\u7a0bB<\/strong><\/h2>\n
sem.acquire()<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    # \u6267\u884c\u8fdb\u7a0bB\u9700\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n
finally:<\/p>\n
    sem.release()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\u548c\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u6b63\u786e\u5730\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u9501<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u9501\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u786e\u91ca\u653e\u9501\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6c38\u4e45\u5730\u88ab\u963b\u585e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u6b7b\u9501\u7684\u907f\u514d<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u907f\u514d\u6b7b\u9501\u4e5f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u76f8\u4e92\u7b49\u5f85\u5bf9\u65b9\u91ca\u653e\u9501\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u6027\u80fd\u548c\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u9501\u548c\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u51cf\u5c11\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u91c7\u7528\u66f4\u7c92\u5ea6\u66f4\u7ec6\u7684\u9501\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u5e76\u53d1\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u7ed3\u8bed<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u5173\u7684Python\u8fdb\u7a0b\u65f6\uff0c\u52a0\u9501\u548c\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u673a\u5236\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u540d\u9501\u548c\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u534f\u8c03\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u59cb\u7ec8\u8bb0\u5f97\u9002\u65f6\u5730\u91ca\u653e\u9501\u548c\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u51fa\u73b0\u6b7b\u9501\u6216\u8d44\u6e90\u6cc4\u9732\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5065\u58ee\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
1. Python\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u7684\u52a0\u9501\u548c\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528multiprocessing<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u7684\u52a0\u9501\u548c\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u52a0\u9501\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Lock<\/code>\u7c7b\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9501\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528acquire()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u9501\uff0c\u5728\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u5185\u6267\u884c\u9700\u8981\u4e92\u65a5\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528release()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u91ca\u653e\u9501\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Semaphore<\/code>\u7c7b\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528acquire()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5728\u9700\u8981\u9650\u5236\u5e76\u53d1\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u5185\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528release()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u91ca\u653e\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n
2. \u5728Python\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u4fdd\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u540c\u6b65\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u540c\u6b65\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528multiprocessing<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5982Value<\/code>\u548cArray<\/code>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u9501\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u5728\u4fee\u6539\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u83b7\u53d6\u9501\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u4e4b\u540e\u91ca\u653e\u9501\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/p>\n
3. \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u907f\u514d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u6761\u4ef6\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n
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