{"id":175193,"date":"2024-05-08T18:46:40","date_gmt":"2024-05-08T10:46:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/175193.html"},"modified":"2024-05-08T18:46:46","modified_gmt":"2024-05-08T10:46:46","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%94%a8python%e8%af%bb%e5%8f%96%e6%8e%a5%e5%8f%a3%e8%bf%94%e5%9b%9e%e7%9a%84xml-%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/175193.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u7528python\u8bfb\u53d6\u63a5\u53e3\u8fd4\u56de\u7684xml \u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5982\u4f55\u7528python\u8bfb\u53d6\u63a5\u53e3\u8fd4\u56de\u7684xml<\/p>\n

Python\u8bfb\u53d6\u63a5\u53e3\u8fd4\u56de\u7684XML\u6570\u636e<\/strong>\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a\u5b89\u88c5\u5e76\u5bfc\u5165\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5e93\u3001\u53d1\u8d77HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u83b7\u53d6XML\u6570\u636e\u3001\u89e3\u6790XML\u6570\u636e\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u7279\u5b9a\u7684XML\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u524d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u89e3\u6790XML\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u822c\u4f7f\u7528xml.etree.ElementTree<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5b83\u662fPython\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u5e93\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u989d\u5916\u5b89\u88c5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982find<\/code>\u3001findall<\/code>\u548citer<\/code>\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u8282\u70b9\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u5982requests<\/code>\u53d1\u8d77HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u63a5\u53e3\u4ee5GET\u65b9\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5219\u4ee3\u7801\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\uff1aresponse = requests.get('\u63a5\u53e3URL')<\/code>\u3002\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u7684response\u5bf9\u8c61\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd4\u56de\u7684XML\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7response.content<\/code>\u8bbf\u95ee\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u901a\u8fc7response.text<\/code>\u4ee5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5f62\u5f0f\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u65e6\u83b7\u53d6\u4e86XML\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528xml.etree.ElementTree<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u6790\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7ElementTree.XML()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u89e3\u6790\u4e3aXML\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u6811\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6811\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u5904\u7406\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0ctree = ElementTree.XML(response.text)<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u662f\u6839\u636eXML\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528find<\/code>\u3001findall<\/code>\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u82e5\u60f3\u8981\u83b7\u53d6XML\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709item<\/code>\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528items = tree.findall('.\/\/item')<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u4e3e\u4f8b\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\u6574\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5b89\u88c5\u5e76\u5bfc\u5165\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5requests<\/code>\u5e93\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5c1a\u672a\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u8bdd\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

pip install requests<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7136\u540e\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bfc\u5165requests<\/code>\u5e93\u548cxml.etree.ElementTree<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u53d1\u8d77HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u83b7\u53d6XML\u6570\u636e<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u63a5\u53e3URL\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u8fd4\u56de\u7684XML\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
url = '\u63a5\u53e3URL'<\/p>\n
response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u786e\u4fdd\u8bf7\u6c42\u6210\u529f\u540e\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u7684XML\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
xml_data = response.text<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u89e3\u6790XML\u6570\u636e<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5229\u7528xml.etree.ElementTree<\/code>\u4e2d\u7684XML()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u683c\u5f0f\u7684XML\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u89e3\u6790\u540e\u7684XML\u5143\u7d20\u6811\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
root = ET.XML(xml_data)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
root<\/code>\u53d8\u91cf\u73b0\u5728\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86XML\u7684\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u8fd9\u91cc\u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5386\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u7279\u5b9a\u7684XML\u8282\u70b9<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u6240\u6709\u540d\u4e3adata<\/code>\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528findall<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u679cXML\u7ed3\u6784\u8f83\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528XPath\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6765\u5b9a\u4f4d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8282\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
data_elements = root.findall('.\/\/data')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u627e\u5230\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528find<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u6216\u8005attrib<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u503c\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
for elem in data_elements:<\/p>\n
    child = elem.find('child') # \u6539\u4e3a\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6807\u7b7e\u540d<\/p>\n
    attribute = elem.attrib.get('attribute_name') # \u6539\u4e3a\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u540d<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u6216\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u6c42\u5b8c\u6210\u7279\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u603b\u7ed3\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bfb\u53d6\u5e76\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7HTTP\u63a5\u53e3\u8fd4\u56de\u7684XML\u6570\u636e\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u8981\u7406\u89e3XML\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528ElementTree<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u64cd\u4f5cXML\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u968f\u7740\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u79ef\u7d2f\uff0c\u4f60\u5c06\u80fd\u591f\u5feb\u901f\u5730\u4ece\u590d\u6742\u7684XML\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u3001\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u683c\u5f0f\u6216\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b58\u50a8\u7b49\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bf7\u8bb0\u4f4f\u68c0\u67e5\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u5904\u7406\u5927\u578bXML\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u4e14\u5065\u58ee\u7684XML\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u6d41\u7a0b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
1. \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u8bfb\u53d6\u63a5\u53e3\u8fd4\u56de\u7684XML\u6570\u636e\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n
Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u5904\u7406XML\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u662fxml.etree.ElementTree<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u8bfb\u53d6\u63a5\u53e3\u8fd4\u56de\u7684XML\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u8bfb\u53d6XML\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET\n\n# \u89e3\u6790XML\u6570\u636e\nxml_data = '''<data>\n    <name>John<\/name>\n    <age>30<\/age>\n    <gender>Male<\/gender>\n<\/data>'''\n\nroot = ET.fromstring(xml_data)\n\n# \u8bfb\u53d6XML\u6570\u636e\nname = root.find('name').text\nage = int(root.find('age').text)\ngender = root.find('gender').text\n\n# \u6253\u5370\u8bfb\u53d6\u7ed3\u679c\nprint(f"Name: {name}")\nprint(f"Age: {age}")\nprint(f"Gender: {gender}")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7root.find()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684XML\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528text<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n
2. \u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u63a5\u53e3\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u5d4c\u5957XML\u6570\u636e\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u63a5\u53e3\u8fd4\u56de\u7684XML\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u5728\u5d4c\u5957\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5373\u6709\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u9012\u5f52\u904d\u5386\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5904\u7406\u5d4c\u5957XML\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET\n\ndef process_node(node):\n    # \u5904\u7406\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u636e\n    print(f"Node Name: {node.tag}")\n    print(f"Node Text: {node.text}")\n    print("")\n\n    # \u9012\u5f52\u5904\u7406\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\n    for child in node:\n        process_node(child)\n\n# \u89e3\u6790XML\u6570\u636e\nxml_data = '''<data>\n    <person>\n        <name>John<\/name>\n        <age>30<\/age>\n    <\/person>\n    <person>\n        <name>Jane<\/name>\n        <age>25<\/age>\n    <\/person>\n<\/data>'''\n\nroot = ET.fromstring(xml_data)\n\n# \u5904\u7406\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u53ca\u5176\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\nprocess_node(root)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u9012\u5f52\u904d\u5386\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u6240\u6709\u5d4c\u5957XML\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n
3. \u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u63a5\u53e3\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u5e26\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u7684XML\u6570\u636e\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u6709\u4e9b\u63a5\u53e3\u8fd4\u56de\u7684XML\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u8282\u70b9\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Element.attrib<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\u83b7\u53d6\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET\n\n# \u89e3\u6790XML\u6570\u636e\nxml_data = '''<data>\n    <person id="1">\n        <name>John<\/name>\n        <age>30<\/age>\n    <\/person>\n    <person id="2">\n        <name>Jane<\/name>\n        <age>25<\/age>\n    <\/person>\n<\/data>'''\n\nroot = ET.fromstring(xml_data)\n\n# \u8bfb\u53d6\u5e26\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u7684XML\u6570\u636e\nfor person in root.findall('person'):\n    person_id = person.attrib['id']\n    name = person.find('name').text\n    age = int(person.find('age').text)\n\n    print(f"Person ID: {person_id}")\n    print(f"Name: {name}")\n    print(f"Age: {age}")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u901a\u8fc7Element.attrib<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8bfb\u53d6\u5e26\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u7684XML\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Python\u8bfb\u53d6\u63a5\u53e3\u8fd4\u56de\u7684XML\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a\u5b89\u88c5\u5e76\u5bfc\u5165\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5e93\u3001\u53d1\u8d77HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u83b7\u53d6XML\u6570\u636e\u3001\u89e3\u6790X […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":175200,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/175193"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=175193"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/175193\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/175200"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=175193"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=175193"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=175193"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}