{"id":170704,"date":"2024-05-08T17:13:17","date_gmt":"2024-05-08T09:13:17","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2024-05-08T17:13:21","modified_gmt":"2024-05-08T09:13:21","slug":"javascript-%e7%bc%96%e7%a8%8b%e9%a1%b9%e7%9b%ae%e6%80%8e%e4%b9%88%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0%e5%90%8c%e6%ba%90%e9%80%9a%e4%bf%a1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/170704.html","title":{"rendered":"JavaScript \u7f16\u7a0b\u9879\u76ee\u600e\u4e48\u5b9e\u73b0\u540c\u6e90\u901a\u4fe1"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"JavaScript<\/p>\n

JavaScript \u7f16\u7a0b\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u540c\u6e90\u901a\u4fe1\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7684\u534f\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u901a\u4fe1\u63a5\u53e3\u3001\u9075\u5faa\u540c\u6e90\u7b56\u7565<\/strong>\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u901a\u4fe1\u53cc\u65b9\u9075\u5faa\u540c\u6e90\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5373\u534f\u8bae\u3001\u57df\u540d\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u4e09\u8005\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u7136\u540e\u5229\u7528XMLHttpRequest\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001Fetch API\u3001WebSocket<\/strong> \u7b49\u6280\u672f\u5efa\u7acb\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cXMLHttpRequest\u5bf9\u8c61\u548cFetch API\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8eHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u800cWebSocket\u5219\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u5efa\u7acb\u6301\u4e45\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u573a\u666f\u5982\u5b9e\u65f6\u804a\u5929\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5bf9XMLHttpRequest\u8fdb\u884c\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1aXMLHttpRequest\uff08XHR\uff09\u5bf9\u8c61\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001\u5f02\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u6574\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u5c31\u80fd\u83b7\u53d6\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528XHR\u5bf9\u8c61\u53d1\u9001GET\u548cPOST\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406HTTP\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u76d1\u542c\u8fdb\u5ea6\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6eXMLHTTPREQUEST\u5bf9\u8c61<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u540c\u6e90\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efaXMLHttpRequest<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u914d\u7f6eXHR\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u5982\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684URL\u3001\u662f\u5426\u5f02\u6b65\u5904\u7406\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
xhr.open('GET', '\/api\/data', true);<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7ec6\u5316\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u5305\u62ec\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u3001\u53d1\u9001\u7279\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u76d1\u542c\u54cd\u5e94\u5e76\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
XMLHttpRequest\u5bf9\u8c61\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6765\u76d1\u542c\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\uff0c\u5982load<\/code>\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
xhr.onload = function() {<\/p>\n
    if (xhr.status === 200) {<\/p>\n
        \/\/ \u8bf7\u6c42\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
        console.log(xhr.responseText);<\/p>\n
    } else {<\/p>\n
        \/\/ \u8bf7\u6c42\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef<\/p>\n
        console.error('Error: ' + xhr.status);<\/p>\n
    }<\/p>\n
};<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u9488\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u9636\u6bb5\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982error<\/code>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u51fa\u9519\u65f6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u914d\u7f6e\u597dXHR\u5bf9\u8c61\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
xhr.send();<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7send<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f20\u9012\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8ePOST\u8bf7\u6c42\u662f\u5e38\u89c1\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u5229\u7528FETCH API<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Fetch API\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3XHR\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd4\u56dePromise\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f02\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\u66f4\u52a0\u65b9\u4fbf\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
fetch('\/api\/data')<\/p>\n
    .then(response => {<\/p>\n
        if (!response.ok) {<\/p>\n
            throw new Error('Network response was not ok.');<\/p>\n
        }<\/p>\n
        return response.json();<\/p>\n
    })<\/p>\n
    .then(data => {<\/p>\n
        console.log(data);<\/p>\n
    })<\/p>\n
    .catch(error => {<\/p>\n
        console.error('Fetch Error:', error);<\/p>\n
    });<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
Fetch API\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u5f02\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u4f7f\u7528WEB SOCKET<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
WebSocket\u63d0\u4f9b\u5168\u53cc\u5de5\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u6e20\u9053\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u65f6\u901a\u4fe1\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
var socket = new WebSocket('wss:\/\/example.com\/');<\/p>\n
socket.onmessage = function(event) {<\/p>\n
    console.log('Message from server ', event.data);<\/p>\n
};<\/p>\n
socket.onopen = function(event) {<\/p>\n
    socket.send('Hello Server!');<\/p>\n
};<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
WebSocket\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u804a\u5929\u5e94\u7528\u3001\u5728\u7ebf\u6e38\u620f\u7b49\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u65f6\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u5229\u7528LOCALSTORAGE\u548cSESSION STORAGE<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u867d\u7136LocalStorage\u548cSessionStorage\u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u4e8e\u540c\u6e90\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u57df\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u9875\u9762\u6216\u7ec4\u4ef6\u95f4\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
localStorage.setItem('key', 'value');<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
var value = localStorage.getItem('key');<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5355\u9875\u9762\u5e94\u7528(SPA)\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6216\u89c6\u56fe\u95f4\u4fdd\u6301\u72b6\u6001\u540c\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u5229\u7528POSTMESSAGE<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
postMessage<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u8de8\u6587\u6863\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u540c\u6e90\u7b56\u7565\u4e0b\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f<\/p>\n
window.postMessage('Hello there!', 'https:\/\/example.com');<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u63a5\u6536\u6d88\u606f<\/p>\n
window.addEventListener('message', function(event) {<\/p>\n
    if (event.origin !== 'https:\/\/example.com') {<\/p>\n
        return;<\/p>\n
    }<\/p>\n
    console.log('Received message:', event.data);<\/p>\n
});<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u5904\u7406iframe\u6216\u7a97\u53e3\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u65f6\u7279\u522b\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u96c6\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u6280\u672f\u624b\u6bb5\uff0cJavaScript\u7f16\u7a0b\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u540c\u6e90\u901a\u4fe1\u5c06\u5f97\u5230\u7075\u6d3b\u4e14\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cFetch API\u548cWebSocket\u8f83\u4e3a\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3Web\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u4f18\u8d8a\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u4fbf\u6377\u6027\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u5b9e\u73b0\u540c\u6e90\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6ce8\u610f\u7ef4\u62a4\u597d\u72b6\u6001\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8981\u9632\u6b62CSRF\u653b\u51fb\u548c\u6570\u636e\u6cc4\u9732\u7b49\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Q\uff1a\u5728JavaScript\u7f16\u7a0b\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u540c\u6e90\u901a\u4fe1\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n
A\uff1a\u540c\u6e90\u901a\u4fe1\u5728JavaScript\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\uff08\u57df\u540d\u3001\u534f\u8bae\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\uff09\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u540c\u6e90\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u51e0\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u540c\u6e90\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n
1.\u4f7f\u7528XMLHttpRequest\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1aXMLHttpRequest\u662fJavaScript\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u7f6e\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aXMLHttpRequest\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528open()\u65b9\u6cd5\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u7c7b\u578b\u3001URL\u4ee5\u53ca\u662f\u5426\u5f02\u6b65\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528send()\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u4e0e\u540c\u4e00\u6e90\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n
2.\u4f7f\u7528Fetch API\uff1aFetch API\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684Web API\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528fetch()\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u53d1\u9001GET\u3001POST\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5b83\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u8de8\u57df\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bbe\u7f6eCORS\uff08\u8de8\u57df\u8d44\u6e90\u5171\u4eab\uff09\u5934\u3002<\/p>\n
3.\u4f7f\u7528WebSocket\uff1aWebSocket\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5168\u53cc\u5de5\u901a\u4fe1\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u6e90\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b9e\u65f6\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acbWebSocket\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63a8\u9001\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b9e\u65f6\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8de8\u57df\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5982\u8bbe\u7f6eCORS\u5934\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u786e\u4fdd\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u907f\u514d\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5f00\u542f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8de8\u57df\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5b89\u5168\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"JavaScript \u7f16\u7a0b\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u540c\u6e90\u901a\u4fe1\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7684\u534f\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u901a\u4fe1\u63a5\u53e3\u3001\u9075\u5faa […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":170710,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/170704"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=170704"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/170704\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/170710"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=170704"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=170704"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=170704"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}