{"id":170593,"date":"2024-05-08T17:10:59","date_gmt":"2024-05-08T09:10:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/170593.html"},"modified":"2024-05-08T17:11:04","modified_gmt":"2024-05-08T09:11:04","slug":"javascript-%e7%bc%96%e7%a8%8b%e4%b8%ad%e6%80%8e%e4%b9%88%e5%8f%91%e5%87%ba-http-%e8%af%b7%e6%b1%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/170593.html","title":{"rendered":"JavaScript \u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u600e\u4e48\u53d1\u51fa HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"JavaScript<\/p>\n

\u5728JavaScript\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d1\u51faHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u9760XMLHttpRequest<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001fetch API<\/code>\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u5982Axios<\/code>\u6216jQuery<\/code>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8Web\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u5f02\u6b65\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u6216\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c<\/strong>fetch API<\/code>\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u548c\u7b80\u6613\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u52a0\u5f3a\u5927\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001FETCH API\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

Fetch API<\/strong>\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u7b80\u6d01\u3001\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u53d1\u8d77\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u4e0eXMLHttpRequest<\/code>\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86Promises\uff0c\u8ba9\u5f02\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u6670\u6613\u61c2\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528fetch\u5f00\u59cb\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4f20\u9012\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684URL\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

fetch('https:\/\/api.example.com\/data')<\/p>\n
  .then(response => response.json())<\/p>\n
  .then(data => console.log(data))<\/p>\n
  .catch(error => console.error('Error:', error));<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86.then()<\/code>\u6765\u5904\u7406Promise\u89e3\u6790\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c<\/strong>\u3002\u9996\u5148\u68c0\u67e5\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aJSON\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6253\u5370\u5230\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u914d\u7f6e\u9009\u9879<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
Fetch\u4e5f\u5141\u8bb8\u901a\u8fc7\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u4e00\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u5b9a\u5236\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u5934\u90e8\u3001body\u7b49\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
fetch('https:\/\/api.example.com\/data', {<\/p>\n
  method: 'POST', \/\/ \u6216 'PUT'<\/p>\n
  headers: {<\/p>\n
    'Content-Type': 'application\/json',<\/p>\n
  },<\/p>\n
  body: JSON.stringify({key: 'value'}),<\/p>\n
})<\/p>\n
.then(response => response.json())<\/p>\n
.then(data => console.log(data))<\/p>\n
.catch((error) => console.error('Error:', error));<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728Fetch\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u548c\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001XMLHTTPREQUEST\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5c3d\u7ba1Fetch API\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\uff0cXMLHttpRequest<\/code>\uff08XHR\uff09\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u5177<\/strong>\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u8001\u65e7\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u6216\u9700\u8981\u517c\u5bb9\u65e9\u671f\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u8981\u53d1\u8d77\u4e00\u4e2aHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8981\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316XMLHttpRequest\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u914d\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f7f\u7528open<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528send<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
xhr.open('GET', 'https:\/\/api.example.com\/data', true);<\/p>\n
xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {<\/p>\n
  if(xhr.readyState === 4 && xhr.status === 200) {<\/p>\n
    console.log(xhr.responseText);<\/p>\n
  }<\/p>\n
};<\/p>\n
xhr.send();<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8c03\u7528open<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bbe\u5b9a\u8bf7\u6c42\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a'GET'\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684URL<\/strong>\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u76d1\u542conreadystatechange<\/code>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6765\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5f53\u8bf7\u6c42\u5b8c\u6210\u5e76\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de\u65f6(readyState<\/code>\u4e3a4\u4e14status<\/code>\u4e3a200)\uff0c\u6253\u5370\u54cd\u5e94\u6587\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001USING THIRD-PARTY LIBRARIES<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86\u6807\u51c6\u7684Fetch API<\/code>\u548cXMLHttpRequest<\/code>\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\uff0c\u5982Axios<\/code>\u6216jQuery<\/code>\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u7b80\u5316\u7684API\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528Axios<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
Axios<\/strong>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8ePromise\u7684HTTP\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u548cnode.js\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u53d1\u8d77GET\u548cPOST\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b89\u88c5Axios\u5e93\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u8fd9\u6837\u53d1\u8d77\u4e00\u4e2aGET\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
axios.get('https:\/\/api.example.com\/data')<\/p>\n
  .then(response => console.log(response.data))<\/p>\n
  .catch(error => console.error('Error:', error));<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528jQuery<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
jQuery<\/strong>\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86$.ajax()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u53d1\u51faHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5b83\u62e5\u6709\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5404\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u9700\u6c42\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
$.ajax({<\/p>\n
  url: 'https:\/\/api.example.com\/data',<\/p>\n
  type: 'GET',<\/p>\n
  success: function(data) {<\/p>\n
    console.log(data);<\/p>\n
  },<\/p>\n
  error: function(error) {<\/p>\n
    console.error('Error:', error);<\/p>\n
  }<\/p>\n
});<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u603b\u7ed3\u6765\u8bf4<\/strong>\uff0c\u5728JavaScript\u4e2d\u53d1\u51faHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u9009\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u751f\u7684Fetch API<\/code>\u548cXMLHttpRequest<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f9d\u8d56\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u5982Axios<\/code>\u548cjQuery<\/code>\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u54ea\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4f60\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u3001\u73af\u5883\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2a\u4eba\u504f\u597d\u3002\u800c\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3Web\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\uff0cFetch API<\/code>\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6700\u4e3a\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u9009\u62e9<\/strong>\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u6d01\u3001\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5904\u7406\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
1. \u5982\u4f55\u5728 JavaScript \u4e2d\u53d1\u51fa HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\uff1f<\/strong>
\n\u5728 JavaScript \u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7684XMLHttpRequest\u5bf9\u8c61\u6216fetch\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u53d1\u51faHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u9996\u5148\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aHttpRequest\u5bf9\u8c61\u6216\u8c03\u7528fetch\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u4f20\u5165\u8981\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684URL\u548c\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u5982GET\u3001POST\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u3001\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u6216Promise\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n
2. \u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406 JavaScript \u4e2d\u7684\u5f02\u6b65 HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\uff1f<\/strong>
\n\u7531\u4e8eJavaScript\u4e2d\u7684HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5f02\u6b65\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u6216Promise\u6765\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ce8\u518c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5904\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6765\u63a5\u6536\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528async\/awAI<\/a>t\u8bed\u6cd5\u7ed3\u5408try\/catch\u5757\u6765\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u6d01\u548c\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
3. \u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 JavaScript \u4e2d\u53d1\u9001 HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\uff1f<\/strong>
\n\u9664\u4e86\u539f\u751f\u7684XMLHttpRequest\u548cfetch\u51fd\u6570\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u548c\u6846\u67b6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982Axios\u548cjQuery\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u4fbf\u6377\u3001\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002\u6839\u636e\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5408\u7684\u5e93\u6216\u6846\u67b6\u6765\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f1a\u66f4\u52a0\u7075\u6d3b\u548c\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u5728JavaScript\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d1\u51faHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u9760XMLHttpRequest\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001fetch API\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":170598,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/170593"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=170593"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/170593\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/170598"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=170593"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=170593"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=170593"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}