{"id":168285,"date":"2024-05-08T16:20:46","date_gmt":"2024-05-08T08:20:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/168285.html"},"modified":"2024-05-08T16:20:50","modified_gmt":"2024-05-08T08:20:50","slug":"javascript-%e4%b8%ad-class-%e6%9c%89%e5%b1%9e%e6%80%a7%e5%90%8e%e4%b8%ba%e4%bd%95%e4%b8%8d%e8%83%bd%e4%bd%9c%e4%b8%ba%e5%af%b9%e8%b1%a1%e8%b5%8b%e5%80%bc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/168285.html","title":{"rendered":"javascript \u4e2d class \u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u540e\u4e3a\u4f55\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u8d4b\u503c"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align:center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-kb.worktile.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/27034444\/1f343738-2e3f-494e-a148-2b447869b324.webp\" alt=\"javascript \u4e2d class \u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u540e\u4e3a\u4f55\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u8d4b\u503c\" \/><\/p>\n<p><p>JavaScript\u4e2d\u7684\u7c7b\uff08\u6216class\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e3a\u6784\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u7ee7\u627f\u529f\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u6a21\u677f\u5316\u548c\u53ef\u590d\u7528\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u7cd6\u3002\u5728ES6\u4e4b\u524d\uff0cJavaScript\u901a\u8fc7\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u539f\u578b\u94fe\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002<strong>ES6\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u4e86<code>class<\/code>\u5173\u952e\u5b57\uff0c\u5b83\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u8bed\u6cd5\u8bbe\u65bd\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u5904\u7406\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ee7\u627f\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\u3002<code>class<\/code>\u4e2d\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u8d4b\u503c\u5230\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u539f\u578b\uff08prototype\uff09\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u539f\u578b\u94fe\u67e5\u627e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86JavaScript\u539f\u578b\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e3a\u4f55<code>class<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u8d4b\u503c\u7684JavaScript\u5185\u5728\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e00\u3001\u7c7b\u4e0e\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728ES6\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-javascript\">function Person(name) {<\/p>\n<p>  this.name = name;<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p>Person.prototype.sayHello = function() {<\/p>\n<p>  return &#039;Hello, &#039; + this.name;<\/p>\n<p>};<\/p>\n<p>var person = new Person(&#039;Alice&#039;);<\/p>\n<p>console.log(person.sayHello()); \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aHello, Alice<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c<code>Person<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7<code>new<\/code>\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5bf9\u8c61<code>person<\/code>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86<code>Person.prototype<\/code>\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e8c\u3001\u539f\u578b\u94fe<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>JavaScript\u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u90e8\u94fe\u63a5\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u539f\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\u201d\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff0cJavaScript\u4f1a\u6cbf\u7740\u539f\u578b\u94fe\u5411\u4e0a\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u627e\u5230\u8be5\u5c5e\u6027\u6216\u5230\u8fbe\u539f\u578b\u94fe\u7684\u672b\u7aef\u3002 <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5171\u4eab\u5176\u539f\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e0a\u5355\u72ec\u62e5\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u8282\u7701\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e09\u3001ES6\u7684\u7c7b\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>ES6\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u7c7b\u8bed\u6cd5\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u7cd6\uff0c\u5176\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u673a\u5236\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u539f\u578b\u94fe\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u4f7f\u7528<code>class<\/code>\u5173\u952e\u5b57\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u5199\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-javascript\">class Person {<\/p>\n<p>  constructor(name) {<\/p>\n<p>    this.name = name;<\/p>\n<p>  }<\/p>\n<p>  sayHello() {<\/p>\n<p>    return `Hello, ${this.name}`;<\/p>\n<p>  }<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p>const person = new Person(&#039;Alice&#039;);<\/p>\n<p>console.log(person.sayHello()); \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aHello, Alice<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c<code>sayHello<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u88ab\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u4e86<code>Person<\/code>\u7684\u539f\u578b\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a<code>Person<\/code>\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u56db\u3001\u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5b58\u50a8<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff09\u90fd\u662f\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u7c7b\u7684\u539f\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u90fd\u4f1a\u5171\u4eab\u539f\u578b\u4e0a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230ES2022\u6b63\u5f0f\u5f15\u5165\u7c7b\u5b57\u6bb5\uff08Class fields\uff09\u4e4b\u524d\uff0cJavaScript\u4e2d\u7684\u7c7b\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u672c\u5730\u7684\u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027\uff08class-properties\uff09\u7684\u6982\u5ff5<\/strong>\u3002\u7c7b\u5b57\u6bb5\u4f7f\u5f97\u5728\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u6dfb\u52a0\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5c5e\u6027\u53d8\u5f97\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u5728\u6784\u9020\u5668\u4e2d\u58f0\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-javascript\">class Person {<\/p>\n<p>  name = &#039;Unnamed&#039;; \/\/ \u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u5171\u5b57\u6bb5<\/p>\n<p>  constructor(name) {<\/p>\n<p>    if (name) {<\/p>\n<p>      this.name = name;<\/p>\n<p>    }<\/p>\n<p>  }<\/p>\n<p>  sayHello() {<\/p>\n<p>    return `Hello, ${this.name}`;<\/p>\n<p>  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