{"id":158371,"date":"2024-05-08T12:49:11","date_gmt":"2024-05-08T04:49:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/158371.html"},"modified":"2024-05-08T12:49:14","modified_gmt":"2024-05-08T04:49:14","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8-javascript-%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0%e9%a1%b5%e9%9d%a2%e5%b1%80%e9%83%a8%e5%88%b7%e6%96%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/158371.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 JavaScript \u5b9e\u73b0\u9875\u9762\u5c40\u90e8\u5237\u65b0"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n

\u9875\u9762\u5c40\u90e8\u5237\u65b0\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u7f51\u9875\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u6781\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u5f97\u7f51\u9875\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u6574\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u9875\u9762\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d1f\u8f7d\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 JavaScript \u5b9e\u73b0\u9875\u9762\u5c40\u90e8\u5237\u65b0\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528 AJAX\uff08Asynchronous JavaScript and XML\uff09\u3001Fetch API\u3001\u53caWebSockets<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u5404\u6709\u7279\u70b9\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cAJAX \u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u9875\u9762\u5c40\u90e8\u5237\u65b0\u7684\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u548c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001AJAX \u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

AJAX \u7b80\u4ecb<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

AJAX\uff08Asynchronous JavaScript and XML\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u65e0\u9700\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u65b0\u90e8\u5206\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u6280\u672f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4ea4\u6362\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u9875\u9762\u4e0a\u663e\u793a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\uff0cAJAX\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u7f51\u9875\u5b9e\u73b0\u52a8\u6001\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u540d\u79f0\u4e2d\u5305\u542bXML\uff0c\u4f46\u73b0\u5728JSON\u662f\u66f4\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u683c\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528 AJAX \u5b9e\u73b0\u5c40\u90e8\u5237\u65b0<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c40\u90e8\u5237\u65b0\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u901a\u8fc7JavaScript\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aXMLHttpRequest\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u65b0\u9875\u9762\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u521b\u5efa XMLHttpRequest \u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n
var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u914d\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u7c7b\u578b\u3001URL \u4ee5\u53ca\u5f02\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f<\/p>\n
xhr.open('GET', 'server.php', true);<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n
xhr.onload = function () {<\/p>\n
  if (xhr.status >= 200 && xhr.status < 300) {<\/p>\n
    \/\/ \u89e3\u6790\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
    var response = JSON.parse(xhr.responseText);<\/p>\n
    \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u65b0\u9875\u9762\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n
    document.getElementById('content').innerHTML = response.content;<\/p>\n
  } else {<\/p>\n
    \/\/ \u8bf7\u6c42\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u7684\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n
    console.log('Request fAI<\/a>led');<\/p>\n
  }<\/p>\n
};<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n
xhr.send();<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7f51\u9875\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u5237\u65b0\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ece\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u66f4\u65b0\u9875\u9762\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001Fetch API \u4f7f\u7528\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
Fetch API \u7b80\u4ecb<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Fetch API\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u5408\u7406\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8de8\u7f51\u7edc\u5f02\u6b65\u83b7\u53d6\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u5b83\u66f4\u52a0\u5f3a\u5927\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u7f51\u9875\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2dAJAX\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u3002Fetch API\u4f7f\u7528Promise\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\u66f4\u52a0\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528 Fetch API \u5b9e\u73b0\u5c40\u90e8\u5237\u65b0<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Fetch API\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u4f7f\u7528 Fetch API \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
fetch('server.php')<\/p>\n
  .then(response => {<\/p>\n
    if (!response.ok) {<\/p>\n
      throw new Error('Network response was not ok');<\/p>\n
    }<\/p>\n
    return response.json();<\/p>\n
  })<\/p>\n
  .then(data => {<\/p>\n
    \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u65b0\u9875\u9762\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n
    document.getElementById('content').innerHTML = data.content;<\/p>\n
  })<\/p>\n
  .catch(error => {<\/p>\n
    \/\/ \u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n
    console.error('Fetch error: ', error);<\/p>\n
  });<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528Fetch API\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u5904\u7406\u7f51\u7edc\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u786e\u4fdd\u54cd\u5e94\u6709\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001WebSockets \u5b9e\u73b0\u5b9e\u65f6\u52a8\u6001\u5237\u65b0<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
WebSockets\u7b80\u4ecb<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
WebSockets\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u5355\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u5168\u53cc\u5de5\u3001\u53cc\u5411\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b9e\u65f6\u5730\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u63a8\u9001\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u65f6\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5982\u5728\u7ebf\u6e38\u620f\u3001\u4ea4\u6613\u5e73\u53f0\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528 WebSockets \u5b9e\u73b0\u5c40\u90e8\u5237\u65b0<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528WebSockets\u65f6\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u53cc\u5411\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u521b\u5efa WebSocket \u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n
var socket = new WebSocket('ws:\/\/example.com\/server');<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u65f6\u7684\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n
socket.onopen = function (event) {<\/p>\n
  \/\/ \u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/p>\n
  socket.send('Hello, server!');<\/p>\n
};<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u63a5\u6536\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
socket.onmessage = function (event) {<\/p>\n
  var data = event.data;<\/p>\n
  \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u65b0\u9875\u9762\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n
  document.getElementById('content').innerHTML = data;<\/p>\n
};<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
WebSockets\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b9e\u65f6\u901a\u4fe1\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u7ed3\u5408\u5b9e\u4f8b\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u52a0\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528JavaScript\u5b9e\u73b0\u9875\u9762\u5c40\u90e8\u5237\u65b0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u535a\u5ba2\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5237\u65b0\u9875\u9762\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u67e5\u770b\u65b0\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b9e\u4f8b\u80cc\u666f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u535a\u5ba2\u6587\u7ae0\u9875\u9762\uff0c\u9875\u9762\u4e0b\u65b9\u6709\u8bc4\u8bba\u533a\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u6709\u65b0\u8bc4\u8bba\u63d0\u4ea4\u65f6\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u65f6\u5730\u5c06\u8bc4\u8bba\u663e\u793a\u5728\u9875\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7528\u6237\u5237\u65b0\u6574\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6848<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528AJAX\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6848<\/strong>\uff1a\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u65f6\u5668\uff0c\u6bcf\u9694\u4e00\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u4f8b\u59825\u79d2\uff09\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7AJAX\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u662f\u5426\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc4\u8bba\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u8bc4\u8bba\u533a\u7684DOM\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u91c7\u7528WebSockets\u7684\u65b9\u6848<\/strong>\uff1a\u5efa\u7acbWebSocket\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5f53\u6709\u65b0\u8bc4\u8bba\u65f6\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u8fc7WebSocket\u8fde\u63a5\u63a8\u9001\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u66f4\u65b0\u8bc4\u8bba\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u54ea\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u8bba\u54ea\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u76ee\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u9875\u9762\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u5237\u65b0\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u6587\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528JavaScript\u5b9e\u73b0\u9875\u9762\u5c40\u90e8\u5237\u65b0\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ecAJAX\u3001Fetch API\u4ee5\u53caWebSockets\u3002\u6bcf\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u5408\u7406\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6781\u5927\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u6027\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
1. \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f JavaScript \u9875\u9762\u5c40\u90e8\u5237\u65b0\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n
JavaScript \u9875\u9762\u5c40\u90e8\u5237\u65b0\u662f\u6307\u4ec5\u5237\u65b0\u9875\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528 JavaScript\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a8\u6001\u5730\u52a0\u8f7d\u3001\u66ff\u6362\u6216\u66f4\u65b0\u7279\u5b9a\u7684 HTML \u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u9875\u9762\u5c40\u90e8\u5237\u65b0\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n
2. \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 JavaScript \u5b9e\u73b0\u9875\u9762\u5c40\u90e8\u5237\u65b0\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u9875\u9762\u5c40\u90e8\u5237\u65b0\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n
    \n
  • \n
    \u4f7f\u7528 JavaScript AJAX\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528 XMLHttpRequest \u6216 Fetch API\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u5f02\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528 JavaScript \u66f4\u65b0\u9875\u9762\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u60a8\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u5237\u65b0\u6574\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u66f4\u65b0\u5c40\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \u4f7f\u7528 JavaScript \u64cd\u4f5c DOM\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528 JavaScript\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u9875\u9762\u4e2d\u7684 DOM\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u901a\u8fc7 document.getElementById() \u83b7\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528 innerHTML \u5c5e\u6027\u5c06\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u66f4\u6539\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
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      \n
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