{"id":1187605,"date":"2025-01-15T20:07:33","date_gmt":"2025-01-15T12:07:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1187605.html"},"modified":"2025-01-15T20:07:35","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T12:07:35","slug":"python%e8%84%9a%e6%9c%ac%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%8d%95%e5%85%83%e6%b5%8b%e8%af%95","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1187605.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u811a\u672c\u5982\u4f55\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u811a\u672c\u5982\u4f55\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\"<\/p>\n

\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u662f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee3\u7801\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u672a\u6765\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f15\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u4f7f\u7528Python\u8fdb\u884c\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u51e0\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u5e93\uff0c\u5982unittest\u3001pytest\u548cnose\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884cPython\u811a\u672c\u7684\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1. \u4f7f\u7528unittest\u5e93\u30012. \u4f7f\u7528pytest\u5e93\u30013. \u4f7f\u7528mock\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u30014. \u7f16\u5199\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4f7f\u7528unittest\u5e93<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

unittest\u662fPython\u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u7f16\u5199\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u8981\u4f7f\u7528unittest\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import unittest<\/p>\n
def add(a, b):<\/p>\n
    return a + b<\/p>\n
class TestMathFunctions(unittest.TestCase):<\/p>\n
    def test_add(self):<\/p>\n
        self.assertEqual(add(1, 2), 3)<\/p>\n
        self.assertEqual(add(-1, 1), 0)<\/p>\n
        self.assertEqual(add(-1, -1), -2)<\/p>\n
if __name__ == '__mAI<\/a>n__':<\/p>\n
    unittest.main()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aadd\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528unittest\u7f16\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7c7bTestMathFunctions\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65b9\u6cd5test_add\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528self.assertEqual\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u68c0\u67e5add\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7unittest.main()\u8fd0\u884c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\n
\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528unittest\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
unittest\u662fPython\u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6765\u652f\u6301\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7c7b\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002unittest\u5e93\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662fTestCase\u7c7b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u627f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u6765\u7f16\u5199\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u5bfc\u5165unittest\u5e93\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627funittest.TestCase\u3002\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7c7b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u591a\u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5test_\u5f00\u5934\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import unittest<\/p>\n
def multiply(a, b):<\/p>\n
    return a * b<\/p>\n
class TestMathFunctions(unittest.TestCase):<\/p>\n
    def test_multiply(self):<\/p>\n
        self.assertEqual(multiply(3, 4), 12)<\/p>\n
        self.assertEqual(multiply(-1, 5), -5)<\/p>\n
        self.assertEqual(multiply(-2, -2), 4)<\/p>\n
if __name__ == '__main__':<\/p>\n
    unittest.main()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2amultiply\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u7f16\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7c7bTestMathFunctions\uff0c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65b9\u6cd5test_multiply\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528self.assertEqual\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u68c0\u67e5multiply\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u4f7f\u7528setUp\u548ctearDown\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728unittest\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528setUp\u548ctearDown\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u524d\u7684\u51c6\u5907\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u540e\u7684\u6e05\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002setUp\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f1a\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u4e4b\u524d\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u800ctearDown\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f1a\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u4e4b\u540e\u6267\u884c\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import unittest<\/p>\n
def divide(a, b):<\/p>\n
    if b == 0:<\/p>\n
        raise ValueError("Cannot divide by zero")<\/p>\n
    return a \/ b<\/p>\n
class TestMathFunctions(unittest.TestCase):<\/p>\n
    def setUp(self):<\/p>\n
        self.a = 10<\/p>\n
        self.b = 5<\/p>\n
    def tearDown(self):<\/p>\n
        pass<\/p>\n
    def test_divide(self):<\/p>\n
        self.assertEqual(divide(self.a, self.b), 2)<\/p>\n
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):<\/p>\n
            divide(self.a, 0)<\/p>\n
if __name__ == '__main__':<\/p>\n
    unittest.main()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528setUp\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u4e4b\u524d\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cfa\u548cb\u3002\u7136\u540e\u5728test_divide\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002tearDown\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u9645\u7528\u9014\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u6e05\u7406\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528pytest\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
pytest\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u884c\u7684Python\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5b83\u6bd4unittest\u66f4\u4e3a\u7075\u6d3b\u548c\u5f3a\u5927\u3002pytest\u652f\u6301\u8bb8\u591aunittest\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u63d2\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u7f16\u5199pytest\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5test_\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528assert\u8bed\u53e5\u8fdb\u884c\u65ad\u8a00\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
def subtract(a, b):<\/p>\n
    return a - b<\/p>\n
def test_subtract():<\/p>\n
    assert subtract(10, 5) == 5<\/p>\n
    assert subtract(-1, -1) == 0<\/p>\n
    assert subtract(0, 0) == 0<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2asubtract\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u7f16\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u51fd\u6570test_subtract\u3002\u5728test_subtract\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528assert\u8bed\u53e5\u6765\u68c0\u67e5subtract\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u4f7f\u7528pytest fixtures<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
pytest fixtures\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd0\u884c\u4e4b\u524d\u548c\u4e4b\u540e\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528@pytest.fixture\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49fixtures\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import pytest<\/p>\n
@pytest.fixture<\/p>\n
def input_data():<\/p>\n
    return 10, 5<\/p>\n
def divide(a, b):<\/p>\n
    if b == 0:<\/p>\n
        raise ValueError("Cannot divide by zero")<\/p>\n
    return a \/ b<\/p>\n
def test_divide(input_data):<\/p>\n
    a, b = input_data<\/p>\n
    assert divide(a, b) == 2<\/p>\n
    with pytest.raises(ValueError):<\/p>\n
        divide(a, 0)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528@pytest.fixture\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2afixtures input_data\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd4\u56de\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5728test_divide\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u53c2\u6570input_data\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2afixtures\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528mock\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6709\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5916\u90e8\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528mock\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5916\u90e8\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8fdb\u884c\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002Python\u7684unittest.mock\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684mock\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u4f7f\u7528MagicMock<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
MagicMock\u662funittest.mock\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u6a21\u62df\u4efb\u4f55\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from unittest.mock import MagicMock<\/p>\n
class Database:<\/p>\n
    def connect(self):<\/p>\n
        pass<\/p>\n
def fetch_data(db):<\/p>\n
    db.connect()<\/p>\n
    return "data"<\/p>\n
def test_fetch_data():<\/p>\n
    db = MagicMock()<\/p>\n
    result = fetch_data(db)<\/p>\n
    db.connect.assert_called_once()<\/p>\n
    assert result == "data"<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aDatabase\u7c7b\u548c\u4e00\u4e2afetch_data\u51fd\u6570\u3002fetch_data\u51fd\u6570\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8eDatabase\u7c7b\u7684connect\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fdb\u884c\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528MagicMock\u6a21\u62df\u4e86Database\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u68c0\u67e5connect\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u4f7f\u7528patch\u88c5\u9970\u5668<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
patch\u662funittest.mock\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u88c5\u9970\u5668\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e34\u65f6\u66ff\u6362\u67d0\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from unittest.mock import patch<\/p>\n
class Network:<\/p>\n
    def request(self, url):<\/p>\n
        pass<\/p>\n
def get_status(url):<\/p>\n
    net = Network()<\/p>\n
    response = net.request(url)<\/p>\n
    return response.status_code<\/p>\n
@patch.object(Network, 'request')<\/p>\n
def test_get_status(mock_request):<\/p>\n
    mock_request.return_value.status_code = 200<\/p>\n
    status = get_status("http:\/\/example.com")<\/p>\n
    mock_request.assert_called_once_with("http:\/\/example.com")<\/p>\n
    assert status == 200<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aNetwork\u7c7b\u548c\u4e00\u4e2aget_status\u51fd\u6570\u3002get_status\u51fd\u6570\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8eNetwork\u7c7b\u7684request\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fdb\u884c\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528patch\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u4e34\u65f6\u66ff\u6362\u4e86Network\u7c7b\u7684request\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u68c0\u67e5\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u7f16\u5199\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u7f16\u5199\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee3\u7801\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u7f16\u5199\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u8986\u76d6\u6240\u6709\u8fb9\u754c\u60c5\u51b5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5c3d\u91cf\u8986\u76d6\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u548c\u6781\u7aef\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
def add(a, b):<\/p>\n
    return a + b<\/p>\n
def test_add():<\/p>\n
    assert add(1, 2) == 3        # \u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5<\/p>\n
    assert add(-1, 1) == 0       # \u8fb9\u754c\u60c5\u51b5<\/p>\n
    assert add(0, 0) == 0        # \u8fb9\u754c\u60c5\u51b5<\/p>\n
    assert add(1.5, 2.5) == 4.0  # \u6781\u7aef\u60c5\u51b5<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7f16\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u51fd\u6570test_add\uff0c\u8986\u76d6\u4e86add\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u3001\u8fb9\u754c\u60c5\u51b5\u548c\u6781\u7aef\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u4f7f\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u8fd0\u884c\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u51fd\u6570\u3002pytest\u652f\u6301\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import pytest<\/p>\n
@pytest.mark.parametrize("a, b, expected", [<\/p>\n
    (1, 2, 3),<\/p>\n
    (-1, 1, 0),<\/p>\n
    (0, 0, 0),<\/p>\n
    (1.5, 2.5, 4.0)<\/p>\n
])<\/p>\n
def test_add(a, b, expected):<\/p>\n
    assert add(a, b) == expected<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528@pytest.mark.parametrize\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u91cd\u590d\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u9ad8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8986\u76d6\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u4f7f\u7528\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9a71\u52a8\u5f00\u53d1\uff08TDD\uff09<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9a71\u52a8\u5f00\u53d1\uff08TDD\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u5f3a\u8c03\u5728\u7f16\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u4e4b\u524d\u5148\u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u3002TDD\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u201c\u7ea2-\u7eff-\u91cd\u6784\u201d\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5373\u5148\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\uff08\u7ea2\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7f16\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u4f7f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u901a\u8fc7\uff08\u7eff\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5bf9\u4ee3\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u6784\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import unittest<\/p>\n
def factorial(n):<\/p>\n
    if n == 0:<\/p>\n
        return 1<\/p>\n
    else:<\/p>\n
        return n * factorial(n-1)<\/p>\n
class TestMathFunctions(unittest.TestCase):<\/p>\n
    def test_factorial(self):<\/p>\n
        self.assertEqual(factorial(0), 1)<\/p>\n
        self.assertEqual(factorial(1), 1)<\/p>\n
        self.assertEqual(factorial(5), 120)<\/p>\n
        self.assertEqual(factorial(10), 3628800)<\/p>\n
if __name__ == '__main__':<\/p>\n
    unittest.main()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u7f16\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8btest_factorial\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7f16\u5199factorial\u51fd\u6570\u4f7f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5bf9\u4ee3\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u6784\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee3\u7801\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u96c6\u6210\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u6301\u7eed\u96c6\u6210<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u96c6\u6210\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u6301\u7eed\u96c6\u6210\uff08CI\uff09\u4e5f\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee3\u7801\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u96c6\u6210\u6d4b\u8bd5\u662f\u6307\u6d4b\u8bd5\u591a\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u6216\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u800c\u6301\u7eed\u96c6\u6210\u662f\u6307\u5c06\u4ee3\u7801\u9891\u7e41\u5730\u96c6\u6210\u5230\u4e3b\u5e72\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u7f16\u5199\u96c6\u6210\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u96c6\u6210\u6d4b\u8bd5\u901a\u5e38\u6d89\u53ca\u591a\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u6216\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import unittest<\/p>\n
class Database:<\/p>\n
    def connect(self):<\/p>\n
        return "Connected"<\/p>\n
class Service:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, db):<\/p>\n
        self.db = db<\/p>\n
    def get_data(self):<\/p>\n
        if self.db.connect() == "Connected":<\/p>\n
            return "Data"<\/p>\n
class TestIntegration(unittest.TestCase):<\/p>\n
    def test_service(self):<\/p>\n
        db = Database()<\/p>\n
        service = Service(db)<\/p>\n
        self.assertEqual(service.get_data(), "Data")<\/p>\n
if __name__ == '__main__':<\/p>\n
    unittest.main()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aDatabase\u7c7b\u548c\u4e00\u4e2aService\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u7f16\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u6210\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7c7bTestIntegration\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d4b\u8bd5Database\u548cService\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u4f7f\u7528\u6301\u7eed\u96c6\u6210\u5de5\u5177<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u6301\u7eed\u96c6\u6210\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u5982Jenkins\u3001Travis CI\u3001GitHub Actions\u7b49\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u90e8\u7f72\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528GitHub Actions\u8fdb\u884c\u6301\u7eed\u96c6\u6210\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
name: Python CI<\/p>\n
on: [push]<\/p>\n
jobs:<\/p>\n
  build:<\/p>\n
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest<\/p>\n
    steps:<\/p>\n
    - uses: actions\/checkout@v2<\/p>\n
    - name: Set up Python<\/p>\n
      uses: actions\/setup-python@v2<\/p>\n
      with:<\/p>\n
        python-version: '3.x'<\/p>\n
    - name: Install dependencies<\/p>\n
      run: |<\/p>\n
        python -m pip install --upgrade pip<\/p>\n
        pip install -r requirements.txt<\/p>\n
    - name: Run tests<\/p>\n
      run: |<\/p>\n
        python -m unittest discover<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aGitHub Actions\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u4ee3\u7801\u63a8\u9001\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u8fd0\u884c\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee3\u7801\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u90fd\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u4ee3\u7801\u8986\u76d6\u7387\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u62a5\u544a<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4ee3\u7801\u8986\u76d6\u7387\u662f\u8861\u91cf\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8986\u76d6\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u672a\u88ab\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86coverage.py\u5e93\u6765\u6d4b\u91cf\u4ee3\u7801\u8986\u76d6\u7387\uff0c\u5e76\u751f\u6210\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u62a5\u544a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u5b89\u88c5coverage.py<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5coverage.py\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install coverage<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u4f7f\u7528coverage.py\u6d4b\u91cf\u4ee3\u7801\u8986\u76d6\u7387<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528coverage.py\u6765\u8fd0\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5e76\u6d4b\u91cf\u4ee3\u7801\u8986\u76d6\u7387\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
coverage run -m unittest discover<\/p>\n
coverage report<\/p>\n
coverage html<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528coverage run\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd0\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528coverage report\u547d\u4ee4\u751f\u6210\u8986\u76d6\u7387\u62a5\u544a\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528coverage html\u547d\u4ee4\u751f\u6210HTML\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u8986\u76d6\u7387\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u67e5\u770b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u96c6\u6210\u4ee3\u7801\u8986\u76d6\u7387\u5de5\u5177<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4ee3\u7801\u8986\u76d6\u7387\u5de5\u5177\u96c6\u6210\u5230\u6301\u7eed\u96c6\u6210\u5de5\u5177\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u4ee3\u7801\u63a8\u9001\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u6d4b\u91cf\u8986\u76d6\u7387\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528GitHub Actions\u8fdb\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u8986\u76d6\u7387\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
name: Python CI<\/p>\n
on: [push]<\/p>\n
jobs:<\/p>\n
  build:<\/p>\n
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest<\/p>\n
    steps:<\/p>\n
    - uses: actions\/checkout@v2<\/p>\n
    - name: Set up Python<\/p>\n
      uses: actions\/setup-python@v2<\/p>\n
      with:<\/p>\n
        python-version: '3.x'<\/p>\n
    - name: Install dependencies<\/p>\n
      run: |<\/p>\n
        python -m pip install --upgrade pip<\/p>\n
        pip install -r requirements.txt<\/p>\n
        pip install coverage<\/p>\n
    - name: Run tests with coverage<\/p>\n
      run: |<\/p>\n
        coverage run -m unittest discover<\/p>\n
        coverage report<\/p>\n
        coverage html<\/p>\n
    - name: Upload coverage report<\/p>\n
      uses: actions\/upload-artifact@v2<\/p>\n
      with:<\/p>\n
        name: coverage-report<\/p>\n
        path: htmlcov\/<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728GitHub Actions\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86coverage.py\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u4ee3\u7801\u63a8\u9001\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u6d4b\u91cf\u4ee3\u7801\u8986\u76d6\u7387\uff0c\u5e76\u751f\u6210\u8986\u76d6\u7387\u62a5\u544a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\n
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