{"id":1186215,"date":"2025-01-15T19:50:01","date_gmt":"2025-01-15T11:50:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1186215.html"},"modified":"2025-01-15T19:50:05","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T11:50:05","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%94%a8python%e5%88%9b%e5%bb%badb%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1186215.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u7528python\u521b\u5efadb\u6587\u4ef6"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5982\u4f55\u7528python\u521b\u5efadb\u6587\u4ef6\"<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528Python\u521b\u5efaDB\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528SQLite\u3001SQLAlchemy\u3001TinyDB\u7b49\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528SQLite\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u521b\u5efaDB\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

SQLite\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f15\u64ce\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5d4c\u5165\u5230\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u3002Python\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u81ea\u5e26\u4e86SQLite3\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4f7f\u7528SQLite3\u6a21\u5757\u521b\u5efaDB\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5bfc\u5165SQLite3\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u8868\u3001\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e<\/strong>\u7b49\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5bfc\u5165SQLite3\u6a21\u5757<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5bfc\u5165Python\u7684SQLite3\u6a21\u5757\u3002SQLite3\u6a21\u5757\u662fPython\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u5b89\u88c5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import sqlite3<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528sqlite3.connect()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4f20\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0cSQLite\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
conn = sqlite3.connect('example.db')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u8868<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u7684cursor()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528execute()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6267\u884cSQL\u8bed\u53e5\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
c = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u8868<\/strong><\/h2>\n
c.execute('''CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users<\/p>\n
             (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,<\/p>\n
              name TEXT NOT NULL,<\/p>\n
              age INTEGER NOT NULL)''')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u8868\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528INSERT INTO<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u6765\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
c.execute("INSERT INTO users (name, age) VALUES ('Alice', 30)")<\/p>\n
c.execute("INSERT INTO users (name, age) VALUES ('Bob', 25)")<\/p>\n
conn.commit()  # \u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528SELECT<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u6765\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
c.execute("SELECT * FROM users")<\/p>\n
print(c.fetchall())<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u5173\u95ed\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5b8c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5173\u95ed\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
conn.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u5b8c\u6574\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684SQLite3\u6a21\u5757\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u8868\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import sqlite3<\/p>\n
\u8fde\u63a5\u5230SQLite\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong><\/h2>\n
conn = sqlite3.connect('example.db')<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
c = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u8868<\/strong><\/h2>\n
c.execute('''CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users<\/p>\n
             (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,<\/p>\n
              name TEXT NOT NULL,<\/p>\n
              age INTEGER NOT NULL)''')<\/p>\n
\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
c.execute("INSERT INTO users (name, age) VALUES ('Alice', 30)")<\/p>\n
c.execute("INSERT INTO users (name, age) VALUES ('Bob', 25)")<\/p>\n
conn.commit()  # \u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1<\/p>\n
\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
c.execute("SELECT * FROM users")<\/p>\n
print(c.fetchall())<\/p>\n
\u5173\u95ed\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
conn.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516b\u3001\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u521b\u5efaDB\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528SQLite3\u6a21\u5757\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u6765\u521b\u5efaDB\u6587\u4ef6\u3002SQLAlchemy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aPython\u7684ORM\u5e93\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u521b\u5efaDB\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5b89\u88c5SQLAlchemy\u3001\u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u5b9a\u4e49\u6a21\u578b\u7c7b\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u8868\u3001\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e<\/strong>\u7b49\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u3001\u5b89\u88c5SQLAlchemy<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5SQLAlchemy\u5e93\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528pip\u6765\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install sqlalchemy<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5bfc\u5165SQLAlchemy\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy import create_engine, Column, Integer, String<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528create_engine()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f15\u64ce\uff0c\u5e76\u4f20\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
engine = create_engine('sqlite:\/\/\/example.db')<\/p>\n
Base = declarative_base()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u5b9a\u4e49\u6a21\u578b\u7c7b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u7c7b\u6765\u6620\u5c04\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868\u3002\u6a21\u578b\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u81eaBase\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u5b9a\u4e49\u8868\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class User(Base):<\/p>\n
    __tablename__ = 'users'<\/p>\n
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)<\/p>\n
    name = Column(String, nullable=False)<\/p>\n
    age = Column(Integer, nullable=False)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u8868<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f15\u64ce\u7684create_all()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Base.metadata.create_all(engine)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)<\/p>\n
session = Session()<\/p>\n
\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
user1 = User(name='Alice', age=30)<\/p>\n
user2 = User(name='Bob', age=25)<\/p>\n
session.add(user1)<\/p>\n
session.add(user2)<\/p>\n
session.commit()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
users = session.query(User).all()<\/p>\n
for user in users:<\/p>\n
    print(user.id, user.name, user.age)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516b\u3001\u5b8c\u6574\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u6a21\u578b\u7c7b\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u8868\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy import create_engine, Column, Integer, String<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f15\u64ce<\/strong><\/h2>\n
engine = create_engine('sqlite:\/\/\/example.db')<\/p>\n
Base = declarative_base()<\/p>\n
\u5b9a\u4e49\u6a21\u578b\u7c7b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
class User(Base):<\/p>\n
    __tablename__ = 'users'<\/p>\n
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)<\/p>\n
    name = Column(String, nullable=False)<\/p>\n
    age = Column(Integer, nullable=False)<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u8868<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Base.metadata.create_all(engine)<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4f1a\u8bdd<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)<\/p>\n
session = Session()<\/p>\n
\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
user1 = User(name='Alice', age=30)<\/p>\n
user2 = User(name='Bob', age=25)<\/p>\n
session.add(user1)<\/p>\n
session.add(user2)<\/p>\n
session.commit()<\/p>\n
\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
users = session.query(User).all()<\/p>\n
for user in users:<\/p>\n
    print(user.id, user.name, user.age)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e5d\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb2\u89e3\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684SQLite3\u6a21\u5757\u548cSQLAlchemy\u5e93\u6765\u521b\u5efaDB\u6587\u4ef6\u3002SQLite3\u6a21\u5757\u662fPython\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u8fdb\u884c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1b\u800cSQLAlchemy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684ORM\u5e93\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u63a5\u53e3<\/strong>\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u672c\u6587\u5bf9\u4f60\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7c7b\u578b\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728Python\u4e2d\u521b\u5efadb\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7c7b\u578b\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u5305\u62ecSQLite\u3001MySQL\u548cPostgreSQL\u3002SQLite\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u5c0f\u578b\u9879\u76ee\u548c\u672c\u5730\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u5e76\u4e14\u6613\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u800cMySQL\u548cPostgreSQL\u5219\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u548c\u590d\u6742\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u9879\u76ee\u9700\u6c42\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n
Python\u4e2d\u521b\u5efadb\u6587\u4ef6\u9700\u8981\u54ea\u4e9b\u5e93\uff1f<\/strong>
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