{"id":1180984,"date":"2025-01-15T18:45:30","date_gmt":"2025-01-15T10:45:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1180984.html"},"modified":"2025-01-15T18:45:37","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T10:45:37","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%88%9b%e5%bb%ba%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e7%bb%93%e6%9e%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1180984.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\"<\/p>\n

Python\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u5185\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong>\u5305\u62ec\u5217\u8868\u3001\u5143\u7ec4\u3001\u96c6\u5408\u548c\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u662fPython\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u4fbf\u4e14\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

Python\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u5177\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u53ca\u5176\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u94fe\u8868\uff08Linked List\uff09<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u94fe\u8868\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u94fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u8282\u70b9\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5b57\u6bb5\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6307\u9488\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

class Node:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, data=None):<\/p>\n
        self.data = data<\/p>\n
        self.next = None<\/p>\n
class LinkedList:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self):<\/p>\n
        self.head = None<\/p>\n
    def append(self, data):<\/p>\n
        new_node = Node(data)<\/p>\n
        if self.head is None:<\/p>\n
            self.head = new_node<\/p>\n
            return<\/p>\n
        last_node = self.head<\/p>\n
        while last_node.next:<\/p>\n
            last_node = last_node.next<\/p>\n
        last_node.next = new_node<\/p>\n
    def print_list(self):<\/p>\n
        cur_node = self.head<\/p>\n
        while cur_node:<\/p>\n
            print(cur_node.data)<\/p>\n
            cur_node = cur_node.next<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u5806\u6808\uff08Stack\uff09<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5806\u6808\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u540e\u8fdb\u5148\u51fa\uff08LIFO\uff09\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u9012\u5f52\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class Stack:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self):<\/p>\n
        self.stack = []<\/p>\n
    def push(self, item):<\/p>\n
        self.stack.append(item)<\/p>\n
    def pop(self):<\/p>\n
        if not self.is_empty():<\/p>\n
            return self.stack.pop()<\/p>\n
        return None<\/p>\n
    def peek(self):<\/p>\n
        if not self.is_empty():<\/p>\n
            return self.stack[-1]<\/p>\n
        return None<\/p>\n
    def is_empty(self):<\/p>\n
        return len(self.stack) == 0<\/p>\n
    def size(self):<\/p>\n
        return len(self.stack)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u961f\u5217\uff08Queue\uff09<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u961f\u5217\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5148\u8fdb\u5148\u51fa\uff08FIFO\uff09\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u4efb\u52a1\u8c03\u5ea6\u548c\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class Queue:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self):<\/p>\n
        self.queue = []<\/p>\n
    def enqueue(self, item):<\/p>\n
        self.queue.append(item)<\/p>\n
    def dequeue(self):<\/p>\n
        if not self.is_empty():<\/p>\n
            return self.queue.pop(0)<\/p>\n
        return None<\/p>\n
    def is_empty(self):<\/p>\n
        return len(self.queue) == 0<\/p>\n
    def size(self):<\/p>\n
        return len(self.queue)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u51e0\u79cd\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5217\u8868\u3001\u5143\u7ec4\u3001\u96c6\u5408\u548c\u5b57\u5178\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u4e14\u6613\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u5217\u8868\uff08List\uff09<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5217\u8868\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u7d22\u5f15\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u5207\u7247\u3001\u6dfb\u52a0\u3001\u5220\u9664\u548c\u6392\u5e8f\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u521b\u5efa\u5217\u8868<\/p>\n
my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]<\/p>\n
\u8bbf\u95ee\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20<\/strong><\/h2>\n
print(my_list[0])  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a1<\/p>\n
\u5207\u7247<\/strong><\/h2>\n
print(my_list[1:3])  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a[2, 3]<\/p>\n
\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20<\/strong><\/h2>\n
my_list.append(6)<\/p>\n
\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20<\/strong><\/h2>\n
my_list.remove(3)<\/p>\n
\u6392\u5e8f<\/strong><\/h2>\n
my_list.sort()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u5143\u7ec4\uff08Tuple\uff09<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5143\u7ec4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u5217\u8868\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5143\u7ec4\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u540e\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u521b\u5efa\u5143\u7ec4<\/p>\n
my_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)<\/p>\n
\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20<\/strong><\/h2>\n
print(my_tuple[0])  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a1<\/p>\n
\u5207\u7247<\/strong><\/h2>\n
print(my_tuple[1:3])  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a(2, 3)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u96c6\u5408\uff08Set\uff09<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u96c6\u5408\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u53bb\u91cd\u548c\u96c6\u5408\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u521b\u5efa\u96c6\u5408<\/p>\n
my_set = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}<\/p>\n
\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20<\/strong><\/h2>\n
my_set.add(6)<\/p>\n
\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20<\/strong><\/h2>\n
my_set.remove(3)<\/p>\n
\u96c6\u5408\u8fd0\u7b97<\/strong><\/h2>\n
another_set = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7}<\/p>\n
print(my_set & another_set)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a{4, 5, 6}<\/p>\n
print(my_set | another_set)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4\u3001\u5b57\u5178\uff08Dictionary\uff09<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b57\u5178\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u952e\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u521b\u5efa\u5b57\u5178<\/p>\n
my_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}<\/p>\n
\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b57\u5178\u5143\u7d20<\/strong><\/h2>\n
print(my_dict['a'])  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a1<\/p>\n
\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20<\/strong><\/h2>\n
my_dict['d'] = 4<\/p>\n
\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20<\/strong><\/h2>\n
del my_dict['b']<\/p>\n
\u904d\u5386\u5b57\u5178<\/strong><\/h2>\n
for key, value in my_dict.items():<\/p>\n
    print(key, value)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u8fd8\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0ccollections<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86deque<\/code>\u3001Counter<\/code>\u3001OrderedDict<\/code>\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0cheapq<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0cbisect<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001collections<\/code>\u6a21\u5757<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
collections<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u6709\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5982deque<\/code>\u3001Counter<\/code>\u3001OrderedDict<\/code>\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from collections import deque, Counter, OrderedDict<\/p>\n
deque\uff08\u53cc\u7aef\u961f\u5217\uff09<\/strong><\/h2>\n
d = deque([1, 2, 3, 4])<\/p>\n
d.append(5)<\/p>\n
d.appendleft(0)<\/p>\n
print(d)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1adeque([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5])<\/p>\n
Counter\uff08\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\uff09<\/strong><\/h2>\n
c = Counter('aabbcc')<\/p>\n
print(c)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aCounter({'a': 2, 'b': 2, 'c': 2})<\/p>\n
OrderedDict\uff08\u6709\u5e8f\u5b57\u5178\uff09<\/strong><\/h2>\n
od = OrderedDict()<\/p>\n
od['a'] = 1<\/p>\n
od['b'] = 2<\/p>\n
od['c'] = 3<\/p>\n
print(od)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aOrderedDict([('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3)])<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001heapq<\/code>\u6a21\u5757<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
heapq<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5806\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f18\u5148\u961f\u5217\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import heapq<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5806<\/strong><\/h2>\n
heap = [4, 1, 7, 3, 8, 5]<\/p>\n
heapq.heapify(heap)<\/p>\n
print(heap)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a[1, 3, 5, 4, 8, 7]<\/p>\n
\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20<\/strong><\/h2>\n
heapq.heappush(heap, 2)<\/p>\n
print(heap)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a[1, 2, 5, 4, 8, 7, 3]<\/p>\n
\u5f39\u51fa\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20<\/strong><\/h2>\n
min_element = heapq.heappop(heap)<\/p>\n
print(min_element)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a1<\/p>\n
print(heap)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a[2, 3, 5, 4, 8, 7]<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001bisect<\/code>\u6a21\u5757<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
bisect<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u63d2\u5165\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6709\u5e8f\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import bisect<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5e8f\u5217\u8868<\/strong><\/h2>\n
sorted_list = [1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8]<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
index = bisect.bisect_left(sorted_list, 4)<\/p>\n
print(index)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a2<\/p>\n
\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20<\/strong><\/h2>\n
bisect.insort_left(sorted_list, 6)<\/p>\n
print(sorted_list)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a[1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4ece\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u5217\u8868\u3001\u5143\u7ec4\u3001\u96c6\u5408\u548c\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u5230\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u5806\u6808\u548c\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u5982collections<\/code>\u3001heapq<\/code>\u548cbisect<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong>\uff0c\u5982\u5217\u8868\u3001\u5143\u7ec4\u3001\u96c6\u5408\u548c\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u9ad8\u6548\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong>\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u7279\u6b8a\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u5177\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93<\/strong>\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u53cc\u7aef\u961f\u5217\u3001\u4f18\u5148\u961f\u5217\u548c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u7ec4\u5408\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7c7b\u578b\uff1f<\/strong>
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