{"id":1180077,"date":"2025-01-15T18:32:26","date_gmt":"2025-01-15T10:32:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1180077.html"},"modified":"2025-01-15T18:32:29","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T10:32:29","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%94%a8python%e6%a8%a1%e6%8b%9f%e7%99%bb%e5%bd%95%e8%b1%86%e7%93%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1180077.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u7528python\u6a21\u62df\u767b\u5f55\u8c46\u74e3"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5982\u4f55\u7528python\u6a21\u62df\u767b\u5f55\u8c46\u74e3\"<\/p>\n

\u8981\u7528Python\u6a21\u62df\u767b\u5f55\u8c46\u74e3\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u3001\u5904\u7406Cookies\u3001\u6a21\u62df\u7528\u6237\u4ee3\u7406\u3001\u7834\u89e3\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u7b49\u6b65\u9aa4\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1. \u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\uff1a<\/strong> requests\u5e93\u662fPython\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684HTTP\u5e93\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

2. \u5904\u7406Cookies\uff1a<\/strong> \u5728\u6a21\u62df\u767b\u5f55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5904\u7406Cookies\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f88\u591a\u7f51\u7ad9\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7Cookies\u6765\u7ef4\u62a4\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

3. \u6a21\u62df\u7528\u6237\u4ee3\u7406\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u7f51\u7ad9\u8bc6\u522b\u4e3a\u722c\u866b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6eHTTP\u5934\u4e2d\u7684User-Agent\u5b57\u6bb5\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

4. \u7834\u89e3\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\uff1a<\/strong> \u6709\u4e9b\u7f51\u7ad9\u5728\u767b\u5f55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f1a\u6709\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u56fe\u50cf\u8bc6\u522b\u6280\u672f\u6765\u7834\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u6a21\u62df\u767b\u5f55\u8c46\u74e3\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

requests\u5e93\u662fPython\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684HTTP\u5e93\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5904\u7406HTTP\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u8981\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5148\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

pip install requests<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684GET\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
response = requests.get('https:\/\/www.douban.com\/')<\/p>\n
print(response.text)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u5904\u7406Cookies<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u6a21\u62df\u767b\u5f55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5904\u7406Cookies\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f88\u591a\u7f51\u7ad9\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7Cookies\u6765\u7ef4\u62a4\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u72b6\u6001\u3002requests\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u5904\u7406Cookies\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
session = requests.Session()<\/p>\n
\u53d1\u9001GET\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u767b\u5f55\u9875\u9762\u7684Cookies<\/strong><\/h2>\n
response = session.get('https:\/\/www.douban.com\/accounts\/login')<\/p>\n
\u6253\u5370Cookies<\/strong><\/h2>\n
print(session.cookies)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u6a21\u62df\u7528\u6237\u4ee3\u7406<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u7f51\u7ad9\u8bc6\u522b\u4e3a\u722c\u866b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6eHTTP\u5934\u4e2d\u7684User-Agent\u5b57\u6bb5\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7headers\u53c2\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6eUser-Agent\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
headers = {<\/p>\n
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla\/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit\/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome\/58.0.3029.110 Safari\/537.3'<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
response = requests.get('https:\/\/www.douban.com\/', headers=headers)<\/p>\n
print(response.text)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u7834\u89e3\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6709\u4e9b\u7f51\u7ad9\u5728\u767b\u5f55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f1a\u6709\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u56fe\u50cf\u8bc6\u522b\u6280\u672f\u6765\u7834\u89e3\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\uff0c\u5982Pillow\u548ctesseract-ocr\uff0c\u6765\u5904\u7406\u548c\u8bc6\u522b\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5Pillow\u548ctesseract-ocr\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install pillow pytesseract<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u4e0b\u8f7d\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc6\u522b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
from PIL import Image<\/p>\n
from io import BytesIO<\/p>\n
import pytesseract<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
session = requests.Session()<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u56fe\u7247<\/strong><\/h2>\n
captcha_url = 'https:\/\/www.douban.com\/misc\/captcha?id=some_id&size=s'<\/p>\n
captcha_response = session.get(captcha_url)<\/p>\n
\u6253\u5f00\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u56fe\u7247<\/strong><\/h2>\n
captcha_image = Image.open(BytesIO(captcha_response.content))<\/p>\n
\u663e\u793a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u56fe\u7247<\/strong><\/h2>\n
captcha_image.show()<\/p>\n
\u8bc6\u522b\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801<\/strong><\/h2>\n
captcha_text = pytesseract.image_to_string(captcha_image)<\/p>\n
print(captcha_text)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u6a21\u62df\u767b\u5f55\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u7ed3\u5408\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6a21\u62df\u767b\u5f55\u8c46\u74e3\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
from PIL import Image<\/p>\n
from io import BytesIO<\/p>\n
import pytesseract<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
session = requests.Session()<\/p>\n
\u8bbe\u7f6eUser-Agent<\/strong><\/h2>\n
headers = {<\/p>\n
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla\/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit\/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome\/58.0.3029.110 Safari\/537.3'<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u767b\u5f55\u9875\u9762<\/strong><\/h2>\n
login_url = 'https:\/\/www.douban.com\/accounts\/login'<\/p>\n
login_page = session.get(login_url, headers=headers)<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u56fe\u7247<\/strong><\/h2>\n
captcha_url = 'https:\/\/www.douban.com\/misc\/captcha?id=some_id&size=s'<\/p>\n
captcha_response = session.get(captcha_url, headers=headers)<\/p>\n
\u6253\u5f00\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u56fe\u7247<\/strong><\/h2>\n
captcha_image = Image.open(BytesIO(captcha_response.content))<\/p>\n
\u663e\u793a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u56fe\u7247<\/strong><\/h2>\n
captcha_image.show()<\/p>\n
\u8bc6\u522b\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801<\/strong><\/h2>\n
captcha_text = pytesseract.image_to_string(captcha_image)<\/p>\n
print(f'Captcha: {captcha_text}')<\/p>\n
\u8bbe\u7f6e\u767b\u5f55\u8868\u5355\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
login_data = {<\/p>\n
    'form_emAI<\/a>l': 'your_email@example.com',<\/p>\n
    'form_password': 'your_password',<\/p>\n
    'captcha-solution': captcha_text,<\/p>\n
    'redir': 'https:\/\/www.douban.com\/',<\/p>\n
    'source': 'index_nav'<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
\u63d0\u4ea4\u767b\u5f55\u8868\u5355<\/strong><\/h2>\n
login_response = session.post(login_url, data=login_data, headers=headers)<\/p>\n
\u6253\u5370\u767b\u5f55\u540e\u7684\u9875\u9762<\/strong><\/h2>\n
print(login_response.text)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u5904\u7406\u767b\u5f55\u540e\u7684\u9875\u9762<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u65e6\u6210\u529f\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5df2\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u9700\u8981\u767b\u5f55\u6743\u9650\u7684\u9875\u9762\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5bf9\u8c61\u5df2\u7ecf\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u767b\u5f55\u6240\u9700\u7684Cookies\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5c06\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5df2\u767b\u5f55\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u8bbf\u95ee\u9700\u8981\u767b\u5f55\u6743\u9650\u7684\u9875\u9762<\/p>\n
profile_url = 'https:\/\/www.douban.com\/people\/your_user_id\/'<\/p>\n
profile_response = session.get(profile_url, headers=headers)<\/p>\n
\u6253\u5370\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u9875\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/h2>\n
print(profile_response.text)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u63d0\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u9875\u9762\u5185\u5bb9\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u63d0\u53d6\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import re<\/p>\n
\u63d0\u53d6\u7528\u6237\u540d<\/strong><\/h2>\n
username_pattern = re.compile(r'<title>(.*?)\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u9875<\/title>')<\/p>\n
username = username_pattern.search(profile_response.text).group(1)<\/p>\n
print(f'Username: {username}')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516b\u3001\u4fdd\u5b58\u548c\u52a0\u8f7dCookies<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fd0\u884c\u811a\u672c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u767b\u5f55\u540e\u7684Cookies\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e0b\u6b21\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u52a0\u8f7d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import pickle<\/p>\n
\u4fdd\u5b58Cookies\u5230\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n
with open('cookies.pkl', 'wb') as f:<\/p>\n
    pickle.dump(session.cookies, f)<\/p>\n
\u52a0\u8f7dCookies\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n
with open('cookies.pkl', 'rb') as f:<\/p>\n
    session.cookies.update(pickle.load(f))<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e5d\u3001\u5904\u7406\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u5931\u8d25\u60c5\u51b5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u8bc6\u522b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8bc6\u522b\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u91cd\u65b0\u83b7\u53d6\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc6\u522b\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6210\u529f\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
while True:<\/p>\n
    # \u83b7\u53d6\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u56fe\u7247<\/p>\n
    captcha_response = session.get(captcha_url, headers=headers)<\/p>\n
    captcha_image = Image.open(BytesIO(captcha_response.content))<\/p>\n
    # \u8bc6\u522b\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801<\/p>\n
    captcha_text = pytesseract.image_to_string(captcha_image)<\/p>\n
    # \u68c0\u67e5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u662f\u5426\u8bc6\u522b\u6210\u529f<\/p>\n
    if captcha_text:<\/p>\n
        break<\/p>\n
print(f'Captcha: {captcha_text}')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5341\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u7528Python\u6a21\u62df\u767b\u5f55\u8c46\u74e3\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u6b65\u9aa4\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u5904\u7406Cookies\u3001\u6a21\u62df\u7528\u6237\u4ee3\u7406\u3001\u7834\u89e3\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u5982\u5904\u7406\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u5931\u8d25\u60c5\u51b5\u3001\u63d0\u53d6\u9875\u9762\u4fe1\u606f\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u6a21\u62df\u767b\u5f55\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u673a\u5236\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u6574\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u672c\u6587\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u80fd\u5bf9\u60a8\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u591f\u987a\u5229\u5b9e\u73b0\u6a21\u62df\u767b\u5f55\u8c46\u74e3\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u6a21\u62df\u767b\u5f55\u8c46\u74e3\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u54ea\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff1f<\/strong>
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