{"id":1177704,"date":"2025-01-15T18:01:18","date_gmt":"2025-01-15T10:01:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1177704.html"},"modified":"2025-01-15T18:01:23","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T10:01:23","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%9f%a5%e7%9c%8bpython%e5%8c%85%e5%86%85%e6%a8%a1%e5%9d%97","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1177704.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u67e5\u770bpython\u5305\u5185\u6a21\u5757"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align:center;\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-kb.worktile.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/25112543\/a1ae5d07-579f-4951-9d4c-5e303eb0b370.webp\" alt=\"\u5982\u4f55\u67e5\u770bpython\u5305\u5185\u6a21\u5757\" \/><\/p>\n<p><p> <strong>\u67e5\u770bPython\u5305\u5185\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528dir()\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u5229\u7528\u5305\u7684__all__\u5c5e\u6027\u3001\u4f7f\u7528inspect\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u4f7f\u7528pkgutil\u6a21\u5757<\/strong>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528dir()\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u4e14\u7b80\u4fbf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002dir()\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5217\u51fa\u5305\u6216\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5b50\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528dir()\u51fd\u6570\u67e5\u770bPython\u5305\u5185\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>\u5c55\u5f00\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528dir()\u51fd\u6570\u67e5\u770bPython\u5305\u5185\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u5bfc\u5165\u60a8\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u5305\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528dir()\u51fd\u6570\u5217\u51fa\u5305\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u4e86\u89e3\u5305\u5185\u5305\u542b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u5757\u548c\u5b50\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import numpy<\/p>\n<p>print(dir(numpy))<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5bfc\u5165\u4e86numpy\u5305\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528dir()\u51fd\u6570\u5217\u51fa\u4e86numpy\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u5feb\u901f\u6d4f\u89c8\u5305\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63a2\u7d22\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><h3>\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528dir()\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>1\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4f7f\u7528dir()\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u67e5\u770bPython\u5305\u5185\u6a21\u5757\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002dir()\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5217\u51fa\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u548c\u5b50\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import os<\/p>\n<p>print(dir(os))<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5bfc\u5165\u4e86os\u5305\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528dir(os)\u5217\u51fa\u4e86os\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u4e86\u89e3os\u5305\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>2\u3001\u7ed3\u5408\u6a21\u5757\u4f7f\u7528<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u6709\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u6a21\u5757\u5185\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u5bfc\u5165\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528dir()\u51fd\u6570\u67e5\u770b\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import os.path<\/p>\n<p>print(dir(os.path))<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u5305\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6df1\u5165\u5230\u5177\u4f53\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u67e5\u770b\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e8c\u3001\u5229\u7528\u5305\u7684__all__\u5c5e\u6027<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>1\u3001__all__\u5c5e\u6027\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u8bb8\u591aPython\u5305\u90fd\u4f1a\u5728\u5176__init__.py\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a__all__\u5c5e\u6027\u3002__all__\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5305\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bfc\u5165\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u548c\u5b50\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u770b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u5305\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import numpy<\/p>\n<p>print(numpy.__all__)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5bfc\u5165\u4e86numpy\u5305\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u4e86numpy\u5305\u7684__all__\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u4e86\u89e3numpy\u5305\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6a21\u5757\u548c\u5b50\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>2\u3001\u4f7f\u7528__all__\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4f7f\u7528__all__\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u4e86\u89e3\u5305\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6a21\u5757\u548c\u5b50\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5305\u90fd\u4f1a\u5b9a\u4e49__all__\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c__all__\u5c5e\u6027\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6a21\u5757\u548c\u5b50\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u9700\u8981\u7ed3\u5408\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5168\u9762\u4e86\u89e3\u5305\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528inspect\u6a21\u5757<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>1\u3001inspect\u6a21\u5757\u7b80\u4ecb<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>inspect\u6a21\u5757\u662fPython\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u7c7b\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u4ee3\u7801\u5bf9\u8c61\u7b49\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528inspect\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u5305\u548c\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import inspect<\/p>\n<p>import numpy<\/p>\n<p>for name, data in inspect.getmembers(numpy):<\/p>\n<p>    if inspect.ismodule(data):<\/p>\n<p>        print(name)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5bfc\u5165\u4e86inspect\u6a21\u5757\u548cnumpy\u5305\u3002\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528inspect.getmembers()\u51fd\u6570\u83b7\u53d6numpy\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7inspect.ismodule()\u51fd\u6570\u5224\u65ad\u6210\u5458\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5c31\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u5176\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>2\u3001inspect\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u9664\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6210\u5458\u83b7\u53d6\u529f\u80fd\uff0cinspect\u6a21\u5757\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528inspect.getdoc()\u51fd\u6570\u83b7\u53d6\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u6587\u6863\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528inspect.getsource()\u51fd\u6570\u83b7\u53d6\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import inspect<\/p>\n<p>import numpy<\/p>\n<p>print(inspect.getdoc(numpy))<\/p>\n<p>print(inspect.getsource(numpy))<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9ad8\u7ea7\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u5305\u548c\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u56db\u3001\u4f7f\u7528pkgutil\u6a21\u5757<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>1\u3001pkgutil\u6a21\u5757\u7b80\u4ecb<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>pkgutil\u6a21\u5757\u662fPython\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u904d\u5386\u5305\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528pkgutil\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u904d\u5386\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u5757\u548c\u5b50\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import pkgutil<\/p>\n<p>import numpy<\/p>\n<p>for importer, modname, ispkg in pkgutil.iter_modules(numpy.__path__):<\/p>\n<p>    print(modname)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5bfc\u5165\u4e86pkgutil\u6a21\u5757\u548cnumpy\u5305\u3002\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528pkgutil.iter_modules()\u51fd\u6570\u904d\u5386numpy\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u5757\u548c\u5b50\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5e76\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u5176\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>2\u3001pkgutil\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>pkgutil\u6a21\u5757\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u6709\u7528\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528pkgutil.walk_packages()\u51fd\u6570\u9012\u5f52\u904d\u5386\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u5757\u548c\u5b50\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import pkgutil<\/p>\n<p>import numpy<\/p>\n<p>for importer, modname, ispkg in pkgutil.walk_packages(numpy.__path__):<\/p>\n<p>    print(modname)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9ad8\u7ea7\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5168\u9762\u4e86\u89e3\u5305\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u904d\u5386\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u548c\u5b50\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e94\u3001\u7ed3\u5408\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>1\u3001\u4f7f\u7528help()\u51fd\u6570<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0cPython\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86help()\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528help()\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u6587\u6863\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u7c7b\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import numpy<\/p>\n<p>help(numpy)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5bfc\u5165\u4e86numpy\u5305\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528help(numpy)\u83b7\u53d6numpy\u5305\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8be6\u7ec6\u4e86\u89e3numpy\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u7528\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>2\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5de5\u5177<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u9664\u4e86Python\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u67e5\u770b\u5305\u548c\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cIPython\u548cJupyter Notebook\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u67e5\u770b\u5305\u548c\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import numpy<\/p>\n<p>numpy?<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728IPython\u6216Jupyter Notebook\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u95ee\u53f7\u8bed\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u770b\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u5728\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u516d\u3001\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5206\u6790\uff1a\u4ee5\u5e38\u89c1\u5305\u4e3a\u4f8b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>1\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u5e38\u7528\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u5305numpy\u7684\u6a21\u5757<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>numpy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u5305\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u6a21\u5757\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65b9\u6cd5\u67e5\u770bnumpy\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u5757\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import numpy<\/p>\n<p>print(dir(numpy))<\/p>\n<p>print(numpy.__all__)<\/p>\n<p>for name, data in inspect.getmembers(numpy):<\/p>\n<p>    if inspect.ismodule(data):<\/p>\n<p>        print(name)<\/p>\n<p>for importer, modname, ispkg in pkgutil.iter_modules(numpy.__path__):<\/p>\n<p>    print(modname)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5168\u9762\u4e86\u89e3numpy\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u548c\u5b50\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>2\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u5e38\u7528Web\u6846\u67b6Django\u7684\u6a21\u5757<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>Django\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u7528\u7684Web\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u6a21\u5757\u548c\u5b50\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65b9\u6cd5\u67e5\u770bDjango\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u5757\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import django<\/p>\n<p>print(dir(django))<\/p>\n<p>print(django.__all__)<\/p>\n<p>for name, data in inspect.getmembers(django):<\/p>\n<p>    if inspect.ismodule(data):<\/p>\n<p>        print(name)<\/p>\n<p>for importer, modname, ispkg in pkgutil.iter_modules(django.__path__):<\/p>\n<p>    print(modname)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5168\u9762\u4e86\u89e3Django\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u548c\u5b50\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e03\u3001\u603b\u7ed3\u4e0e\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>1\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u67e5\u770bPython\u5305\u5185\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528dir()\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u5229\u7528\u5305\u7684__all__\u5c5e\u6027\u3001\u4f7f\u7528inspect\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u4f7f\u7528pkgutil\u6a21\u5757\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ed3\u5408\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5168\u9762\u4e86\u89e3\u5305\u548c\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>2\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5305\u90fd\u4f1a\u5b9a\u4e49__all__\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u4f7f\u7528__all__\u5c5e\u6027\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u5176\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<li>inspect\u6a21\u5757\u548cpkgutil\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5728\u67e5\u770b\u5305\u548c\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><p>\u901a\u8fc7\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u67e5\u770b\u548c\u4f7f\u7528Python\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> <strong>\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5217\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u5757\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e2aPython\u5305\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>pkgutil<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u7684<code>iter_modules<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5305\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Python\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u73af\u5883\u6216\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">import pkgutil\nimport your_package_name\n\nmodules = pkgutil.iter_modules(your_package_name.__path__)\nfor module in modules:\n    print(module.name)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u6307\u5b9a\u5305\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u5757\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5982\u4f55\u68c0\u67e5\u7279\u5b9a\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u5426\u5728Python\u5305\u4e2d\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u82e5\u60f3\u68c0\u67e5\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e2a\u5305\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>importlib<\/code>\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684<code>find_spec<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">import importlib.util\n\nmodule_name = &#39;your_package_name.your_module_name&#39;\nif importlib.util.find_spec(module_name) is not None:\n    print(f&quot;{module_name} exists in the package.&quot;)\nelse:\n    print(f&quot;{module_name} does not exist in the package.&quot;)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u5224\u65ad\u7279\u5b9a\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u67e5\u770b\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u60f3\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>help()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6216<code>dir()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u82e5\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u67d0\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">import your_package_name.your_module_name\nhelp(your_package_name.your_module_name)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7<code>help()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u6587\u6863\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3001\u53ef\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528<code>dir()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5217\u51fa\u6a21\u5757\u5185\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">print(dir(your_package_name.your_module_name))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u67e5\u770bPython\u5305\u5185\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528dir()\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u5229\u7528\u5305\u7684__all__\u5c5e\u6027\u3001\u4f7f\u7528inspec [&hellip;]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1177710,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1177704"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1177704"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1177704\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1177713,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1177704\/revisions\/1177713"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1177710"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1177704"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1177704"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1177704"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}