{"id":1175114,"date":"2025-01-15T17:27:26","date_gmt":"2025-01-15T09:27:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1175114.html"},"modified":"2025-01-15T17:27:30","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T09:27:30","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%90%8c%e6%97%b6%e7%94%bb%e5%a4%9a%e4%b8%aa%e5%9b%be","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1175114.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u540c\u65f6\u753b\u591a\u4e2a\u56fe"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u540c\u65f6\u753b\u591a\u4e2a\u56fe\"<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528Matplotlib\u5e93\u6765\u540c\u65f6\u7ed8\u5236\u591a\u4e2a\u56fe\u3002\u4f7f\u7528subplot<\/code>\u3001subplots<\/code>\u3001GridSpec<\/code>\u3001plt.figure<\/code>\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u540c\u65f6\u7ed8\u5236\u591a\u4e2a\u56fe<\/strong>\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3e\u4f8b\u8bf4\u660e\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001SUBPLOT<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

subplot<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\u662fMatplotlib\u5e93\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\u7a97\u53e3\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u4e2a\u5b50\u56fe\u3002\u4f7f\u7528subplot<\/code>\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6307\u5b9a\u5b50\u56fe\u7684\u884c\u6570\u3001\u5217\u6570\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f53\u524d\u56fe\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a2\u884c2\u5217\u7684\u7f51\u683c\uff0c\u7ed8\u52364\u4e2a\u5b50\u56fe<\/strong><\/h2>\n
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 8))<\/p>\n
plt.subplot(2, 2, 1)<\/p>\n
plt.plot([0, 1], [0, 1])<\/p>\n
plt.title('Plot 1')<\/p>\n
plt.subplot(2, 2, 2)<\/p>\n
plt.plot([0, 1], [1, 0])<\/p>\n
plt.title('Plot 2')<\/p>\n
plt.subplot(2, 2, 3)<\/p>\n
plt.plot([0, 1], [0.5, 0.5])<\/p>\n
plt.title('Plot 3')<\/p>\n
plt.subplot(2, 2, 4)<\/p>\n
plt.plot([0, 1], [0, 0.5])<\/p>\n
plt.title('Plot 4')<\/p>\n
plt.tight_layout()<\/p>\n
plt.show()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86plt.subplot(2, 2, 1)<\/code>\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a2\u884c2\u5217\u7684\u7f51\u683c\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u56fe\u653e\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u4f9d\u6b21\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7f51\u683c\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5b50\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001SUBPLOTS<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
subplots<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u66f4\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u4e2a\u5b50\u56fe\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u4e2a\u5b50\u56fe\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u56fe\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u56fe\u7684\u5904\u7406\u66f4\u52a0\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a2\u884c2\u5217\u7684\u7f51\u683c\uff0c\u7ed8\u52364\u4e2a\u5b50\u56fe<\/strong><\/h2>\n
fig, axs = plt.subplots(2, 2, figsize=(10, 8))<\/p>\n
axs[0, 0].plot([0, 1], [0, 1])<\/p>\n
axs[0, 0].set_title('Plot 1')<\/p>\n
axs[0, 1].plot([0, 1], [1, 0])<\/p>\n
axs[0, 1].set_title('Plot 2')<\/p>\n
axs[1, 0].plot([0, 1], [0.5, 0.5])<\/p>\n
axs[1, 0].set_title('Plot 3')<\/p>\n
axs[1, 1].plot([0, 1], [0, 0.5])<\/p>\n
axs[1, 1].set_title('Plot 4')<\/p>\n
fig.tight_layout()<\/p>\n
plt.show()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0csubplots<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u56fe\u7684\u6570\u7ec4axs<\/code>\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u5f15axs[i, j]<\/code>\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001GRIDSPEC<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
GridSpec<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u7f51\u683c\u5e03\u5c40\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6392\u5217\u5b50\u56fe\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u8de8\u8d8a\u591a\u884c\u6216\u591a\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt<\/p>\n
import matplotlib.gridspec as gridspec<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aGridSpec\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10, 8))<\/p>\n
gs = gridspec.GridSpec(3, 3)<\/p>\n
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(gs[0, 0])<\/p>\n
ax1.plot([0, 1], [0, 1])<\/p>\n
ax1.set_title('Plot 1')<\/p>\n
ax2 = fig.add_subplot(gs[0, 1:])<\/p>\n
ax2.plot([0, 1], [1, 0])<\/p>\n
ax2.set_title('Plot 2')<\/p>\n
ax3 = fig.add_subplot(gs[1:, 0])<\/p>\n
ax3.plot([0, 1], [0.5, 0.5])<\/p>\n
ax3.set_title('Plot 3')<\/p>\n
ax4 = fig.add_subplot(gs[1:, 1:])<\/p>\n
ax4.plot([0, 1], [0, 0.5])<\/p>\n
ax4.set_title('Plot 4')<\/p>\n
plt.tight_layout()<\/p>\n
plt.show()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aGridSpec<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61gs<\/code>\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7fig.add_subplot(gs[i, j])<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u56fe\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001PLT.FIGURE<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
plt.figure<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\u7a97\u53e3\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\u7a97\u53e3\u4e2d\u7ed8\u5236\u591a\u4e2a\u56fe\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528plt.figure<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u5f62\u7a97\u53e3<\/strong><\/h2>\n
plt.figure(1, figsize=(6, 4))<\/p>\n
plt.plot([0, 1], [0, 1])<\/p>\n
plt.title('Figure 1')<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u56fe\u5f62\u7a97\u53e3<\/strong><\/h2>\n
plt.figure(2, figsize=(6, 4))<\/p>\n
plt.plot([0, 1], [1, 0])<\/p>\n
plt.title('Figure 2')<\/p>\n
\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u56fe\u5f62\u7a97\u53e3<\/strong><\/h2>\n
plt.show()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528plt.figure(1)<\/code>\u548cplt.figure(2)<\/code>\u5206\u522b\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\u7a97\u53e3\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7a97\u53e3\u4e2d\u7ed8\u5236\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001PLOTTING WITH SEABORN<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86Matplotlib\uff0cSeaborn\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u5e93\u3002Seaborn\u57fa\u4e8eMatplotlib\u6784\u5efa\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u548c\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7ed8\u56fe\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Seaborn\u6765\u7ed8\u5236\u591a\u4e2a\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import seaborn as sns<\/p>\n
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt<\/p>\n
\u52a0\u8f7d\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e\u96c6<\/strong><\/h2>\n
tips = sns.load_dataset('tips')<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a2\u884c2\u5217\u7684\u7f51\u683c\uff0c\u7ed8\u52364\u4e2a\u5b50\u56fe<\/strong><\/h2>\n
fig, axs = plt.subplots(2, 2, figsize=(10, 8))<\/p>\n
sns.scatterplot(data=tips, x='total_bill', y='tip', ax=axs[0, 0])<\/p>\n
axs[0, 0].set_title('Scatter Plot')<\/p>\n
sns.histplot(data=tips, x='total_bill', kde=True, ax=axs[0, 1])<\/p>\n
axs[0, 1].set_title('Histogram')<\/p>\n
sns.boxplot(data=tips, x='day', y='total_bill', ax=axs[1, 0])<\/p>\n
axs[1, 0].set_title('Box Plot')<\/p>\n
sns.violinplot(data=tips, x='day', y='total_bill', ax=axs[1, 1])<\/p>\n
axs[1, 1].set_title('Violin Plot')<\/p>\n
fig.tight_layout()<\/p>\n
plt.show()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528Seaborn\u6765\u7ed8\u5236\u591a\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u56fe\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a2\u884c2\u5217\u7684\u7f51\u683c\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001USING OBJECT-ORIENTED INTERFACE<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Matplotlib\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u7cbe\u7ec6\u5730\u63a7\u5236\u6bcf\u4e2a\u56fe\u5f62\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u5b50\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u5f62\u7a97\u53e3<\/strong><\/h2>\n
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10, 8))<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u4e2a\u5b50\u56fe<\/strong><\/h2>\n
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(2, 2, 1)<\/p>\n
ax2 = fig.add_subplot(2, 2, 2)<\/p>\n
ax3 = fig.add_subplot(2, 2, 3)<\/p>\n
ax4 = fig.add_subplot(2, 2, 4)<\/p>\n
\u7ed8\u5236\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
ax1.plot([0, 1], [0, 1])<\/p>\n
ax1.set_title('Plot 1')<\/p>\n
ax2.plot([0, 1], [1, 0])<\/p>\n
ax2.set_title('Plot 2')<\/p>\n
ax3.plot([0, 1], [0.5, 0.5])<\/p>\n
ax3.set_title('Plot 3')<\/p>\n
ax4.plot([0, 1], [0, 0.5])<\/p>\n
ax4.set_title('Plot 4')<\/p>\n
\u8c03\u6574\u5e03\u5c40<\/strong><\/h2>\n
fig.tight_layout()<\/p>\n
plt.show()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528fig.add_subplot<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u4e2a\u5b50\u56fe\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u6765\u7ed8\u5236\u6570\u636e\u548c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6807\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001MULTIPAGE PDF FILES<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6709\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u56fe\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u9875\u7684PDF\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Matplotlib\u7684PdfPages<\/code>\u7c7b\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt<\/p>\n
from matplotlib.backends.backend_pdf import PdfPages<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aPdfPages\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
pdf = PdfPages('multipage.pdf')<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u4e2a\u56fe\u5f62\u7a97\u53e3\u5e76\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230PDF\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d<\/strong><\/h2>\n
for i in range(1, 5):<\/p>\n
    fig = plt.figure(figsize=(6, 4))<\/p>\n
    plt.plot([0, 1], [0, 1])<\/p>\n
    plt.title(f'Figure {i}')<\/p>\n
    pdf.savefig(fig)<\/p>\n
    plt.close(fig)<\/p>\n
\u5173\u95edPdfPages\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
pdf.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aPdfPages<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u4e2a\u56fe\u5f62\u7a97\u53e3\uff0c\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u9875\u7684PDF\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516b\u3001INTERACTIVE PLOTTING WITH PLOTLY<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Plotly\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u4e14\u6613\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7ed8\u56fe\u5e93\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u7ed8\u56fe\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Plotly\u6765\u7ed8\u5236\u591a\u4e2a\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import plotly.subplots as sp<\/p>\n
import plotly.graph_objs as go<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a2\u884c2\u5217\u7684\u5b50\u56fe\u5e03\u5c40<\/strong><\/h2>\n
fig = sp.make_subplots(rows=2, cols=2)<\/p>\n
\u6dfb\u52a0\u591a\u4e2a\u56fe\u5230\u5b50\u56fe\u5e03\u5c40\u4e2d<\/strong><\/h2>\n
fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(x=[0, 1], y=[0, 1], mode='lines', name='Plot 1'), row=1, col=1)<\/p>\n
fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(x=[0, 1], y=[1, 0], mode='lines', name='Plot 2'), row=1, col=2)<\/p>\n
fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(x=[0, 1], y=[0.5, 0.5], mode='lines', name='Plot 3'), row=2, col=1)<\/p>\n
fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(x=[0, 1], y=[0, 0.5], mode='lines', name='Plot 4'), row=2, col=2)<\/p>\n
\u66f4\u65b0\u5e03\u5c40<\/strong><\/h2>\n
fig.update_layout(title='Multiple Plots with Plotly', showlegend=False)<\/p>\n
\u663e\u793a\u56fe\u5f62<\/strong><\/h2>\n
fig.show()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528Plotly\u7684make_subplots<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a2\u884c2\u5217\u7684\u5b50\u56fe\u5e03\u5c40\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7add_trace<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u56fe\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5b50\u56fe\u5e03\u5c40\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e5d\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
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