{"id":1174392,"date":"2025-01-15T17:17:16","date_gmt":"2025-01-15T09:17:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1174392.html"},"modified":"2025-01-15T17:17:19","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T09:17:19","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%9f%a5%e7%9c%8b%e8%a1%a8%e7%9a%84%e5%bd%a2%e7%8a%b6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1174392.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u67e5\u770b\u8868\u7684\u5f62\u72b6"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align:center;\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-kb.worktile.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/26075921\/c60677df-c9d5-44e8-b6d9-dcbbc4864d32.webp\" alt=\"python\u5982\u4f55\u67e5\u770b\u8868\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\" \/><\/p>\n<p><p> \u5728Python\u4e2d\u67e5\u770b\u8868\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\uff08\u5373\u884c\u6570\u548c\u5217\u6570\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u5e93\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ecpandas\u548cnumpy\u3002<strong>\u4f7f\u7528pandas\u5e93\u3001\u4f7f\u7528numpy\u5e93\u3001\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u5e93<\/strong>\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u5e93\u67e5\u770b\u8868\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\uff0c\u5e76\u5c55\u5f00\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0pandas\u5e93\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528pandas\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>pandas\u662fPython\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u5e93\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528pandas\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u67e5\u770b\u8868\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>1. \u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002pandas\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u5305\u62ecCSV\u3001Excel\u3001SQL\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u8bfb\u53d6CSV\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import pandas as pd<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u8bfb\u53d6CSV\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>df = pd.read_csv(&#39;data.csv&#39;)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>2. \u67e5\u770b\u8868\u7684\u5f62\u72b6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>shape<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\u67e5\u770b\u8868\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u3002<code>shape<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u884c\u6570\u548c\u5217\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\"># \u67e5\u770b\u8868\u7684\u5f62\u72b6<\/p>\n<p>print(df.shape)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8868\u6709100\u884c\u548c5\u5217\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u5c06\u662f\uff1a(100, 5)\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>3. \u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>pandas\u5e93\u7684<code>shape<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u8868\u5f62\u72b6\u67e5\u770b\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8eDataFrame\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8eSeries\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>DataFrame\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong>\uff1aDataFrame\u662fpandas\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8eExcel\u4e2d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u7ef4\u5927\u5c0f\u53ef\u53d8\u3001\u5e26\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u884c\u548c\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">df = pd.DataFrame({<\/p>\n<p>    &#39;A&#39;: [1, 2, 3],<\/p>\n<p>    &#39;B&#39;: [4, 5, 6]<\/p>\n<p>})<\/p>\n<p>print(df.shape)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u8f93\u51fa\u5c06\u662f\uff1a(3, 2)\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u67093\u884c\u548c2\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Series\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong>\uff1aSeries\u662fpandas\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u7ef4\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u4e00\u5217\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u7ec4\u6570\u636e\u548c\u4e00\u7ec4\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\uff08\u5373\u7d22\u5f15\uff09\u7ec4\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">s = pd.Series([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])<\/p>\n<p>print(s.shape)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u8f93\u51fa\u5c06\u662f\uff1a(5,)\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u67095\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><h3>\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528numpy\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>numpy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u652f\u6301\u5927\u91cf\u7ef4\u5ea6\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0e\u77e9\u9635\u8fd0\u7b97\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e93\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528numpy\u6570\u7ec4\u67e5\u770b\u8868\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>1. \u521b\u5efa\u6570\u7ec4<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528numpy\u6570\u7ec4\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u8868\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import numpy as np<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u7ec4<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>arr = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]])<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>2. \u67e5\u770b\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5f62\u72b6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>shape<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\u67e5\u770b\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\"># \u67e5\u770b\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5f62\u72b6<\/p>\n<p>print(arr.shape)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6570\u7ec4\u67093\u884c\u548c3\u5217\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u5c06\u662f\uff1a(3, 3)\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>SQLAlchemy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aSQL\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u7cfb\u6620\u5c04\uff08ORM\uff09\u5e93\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u5e93\u67e5\u770b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>1. \u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u5230SQLite\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">from sqlalchemy import create_engine<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u521b\u5efa\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>engine = create_engine(&#39;sqlite:\/\/\/example.db&#39;)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>2. \u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528pandas\u8bfb\u53d6SQL\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5e76\u67e5\u770b\u8868\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import pandas as pd<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>query = &quot;SELECT * FROM tablename&quot;<\/p>\n<p>df = pd.read_sql_query(query, engine)<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u67e5\u770b\u8868\u7684\u5f62\u72b6<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>print(df.shape)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u56db\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65b9\u6cd5\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u5e93\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u67e5\u770b\u8868\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528Dask\u5e93\u5904\u7406\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Dask DataFrame\u67e5\u770b\u8868\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>1. \u4f7f\u7528Dask\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>Dask\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e76\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e93\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import dask.dataframe as dd<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u8bfb\u53d6CSV\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>df = dd.read_csv(&#39;data.csv&#39;)<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u67e5\u770b\u8868\u7684\u5f62\u72b6<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>print(df.shape)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e94\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728Python\u4e2d\u67e5\u770b\u8868\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec<strong>\u4f7f\u7528pandas\u5e93\u3001\u4f7f\u7528numpy\u5e93\u3001\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u5e93<\/strong>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cpandas\u5e93\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528<code>shape<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u67e5\u770b\u8868\u7684\u884c\u6570\u548c\u5217\u6570\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u5e93\uff0c\u5982Dask\u5e93\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u67e5\u770b\u8868\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5408\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> <strong>\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u67e5\u770b\u6570\u636e\u8868\u7684\u884c\u548c\u5217\u6570\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Pandas\u5e93\u7684<code>DataFrame.shape<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u6570\u636e\u8868\u7684\u884c\u548c\u5217\u6570\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u60a8\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u5e76\u5bfc\u5165\u4e86Pandas\u5e93\u3002\u4f7f\u7528<code>df.shape<\/code>\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u884c\u6570\u548c\u5217\u6570\u7684\u5143\u7ec4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 <code>(\u884c\u6570, \u5217\u6570)<\/code>\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5feb\u901f\u4e86\u89e3\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u6846\u7684\u5217\u540d\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u6846\u7684\u5217\u540d\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbf\u95ee<code>DataFrame.columns<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5b83\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u6240\u6709\u5217\u540d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5217\u8868\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e8e\u67e5\u770b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4f7f\u7528 <code>df.columns.tolist()<\/code>\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u4e86\u89e3\u6570\u636e\u8868\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u53ca\u5176\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u6570\u636e\u8868\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u9664\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528<code>shape<\/code>\u548c<code>columns<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\uff0cPandas\u5e93\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86<code>DataFrame.info()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u6570\u636e\u8868\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u975e\u7a7a\u503c\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u53ca\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e86\u89e3\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u5206\u5e03\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u5728Python\u4e2d\u67e5\u770b\u8868\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\uff08\u5373\u884c\u6570\u548c\u5217\u6570\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u5e93\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ecpandas\u548cnumpy\u3002\u4f7f\u7528panda [&hellip;]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1174398,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1174392"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1174392"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1174392\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1174401,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1174392\/revisions\/1174401"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1174398"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1174392"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1174392"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1174392"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}