{"id":1172008,"date":"2025-01-15T16:43:05","date_gmt":"2025-01-15T08:43:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1172008.html"},"modified":"2025-01-15T16:43:08","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T08:43:08","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%bf%9b%e8%a1%8cssl%e8%bf%9e%e6%8e%a5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1172008.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884cssl\u8fde\u63a5"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884cssl\u8fde\u63a5\"<\/p>\n

\u8981\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884cSSL\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7684 ssl<\/code> \u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5bf9\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u5b89\u5168 (TLS) \u548c\u5b89\u5168\u5957\u63a5\u5c42 (SSL) \u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5bfc\u5165ssl\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u521b\u5efaSSL\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u3001\u5305\u88c5\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\uff0c<\/strong>\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5efa\u7acbSSL\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884cSSL\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5bfc\u5165ssl\u6a21\u5757<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884cSSL\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u5bfc\u5165 ssl<\/code> \u6a21\u5757\u3002ssl<\/code> \u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u7528\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u521b\u5efa\u5b89\u5168\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import ssl<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u521b\u5efaSSL\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
SSL\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\uff08SSLContext\uff09\u662fSSL\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u5bb9\u5668\u3002\u5b83\u5b58\u50a8\u5404\u79cd\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5982\u8bc1\u4e66\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u5bc6\u94a5\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u9009\u9879\u3002\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aSSL\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8c03\u7528 ssl.create_default_context()<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5c5e\u6027\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u7279\u5b9a\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
context = ssl.create_default_context()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e verify_mode<\/code> \u5c5e\u6027\u4e3a ssl.CERT_REQUIRED<\/code>\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f3a\u5236\u9a8c\u8bc1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u52a0\u8f7d\u8bc1\u4e66<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u8f7d\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 load_cert_chAI<\/a>n()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u52a0\u8f7d\u8bc1\u4e66\u548c\u5bc6\u94a5\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
context.load_cert_chain(certfile='path\/to\/certfile', keyfile='path\/to\/keyfile')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u5305\u88c5\u5957\u63a5\u5b57<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u65e6\u521b\u5efa\u5e76\u914d\u7f6e\u4e86SSL\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u5305\u88c5\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\uff08socket\uff09\u3002\u5305\u88c5\u540e\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528SSL\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import socket<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57<\/strong><\/h2>\n
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528SSL\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5305\u88c5\u5957\u63a5\u5b57<\/strong><\/h2>\n
ssl_sock = context.wrap_socket(sock, server_hostname='example.com')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u5305\u88c5\u540e\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u666e\u901a\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e00\u6837\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
ssl_sock.connect(('example.com', 443))<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 send()<\/code> \u548c recv()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
ssl_sock.sendall(b'GET \/ HTTP\/1.1\\r\\nHost: example.com\\r\\n\\r\\n')<\/p>\n
\u63a5\u6536\u54cd\u5e94<\/strong><\/h2>\n
response = ssl_sock.recv(4096)<\/p>\n
print(response.decode('utf-8'))<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u5904\u7406SSL\u9519\u8bef<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4f7f\u7528SSL\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u5404\u79cdSSL\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u6355\u83b7\u5e76\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9519\u8bef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    ssl_sock.connect(('example.com', 443))<\/p>\n
except ssl.SSLError as e:<\/p>\n
    print(f'SSL error: {e}')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b8c\u6210\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u540e\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f97\u5173\u95edSSL\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u548c\u57fa\u7840\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
ssl_sock.close()<\/p>\n
sock.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u8fdb\u884cSSL\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u548c\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u3001\u5bfc\u5165ssl\u6a21\u5757<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
ssl<\/code> \u6a21\u5757\u662fPython\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5bf9TLS\u548cSSL\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5bfc\u5165\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5404\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u7c7b\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b89\u5168\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import ssl<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u521b\u5efaSSL\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
SSL\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u662fSSL\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u5bb9\u5668\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8\u4e86\u8bc1\u4e66\u3001\u5bc6\u94a5\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u9009\u9879\u7b49\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u521b\u5efaSSL\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 ssl.create_default_context()<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
context = ssl.create_default_context()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u914d\u7f6eSSL\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u6765\u914d\u7f6eSSL\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e verify_mode<\/code> \u5c5e\u6027\u6765\u5f3a\u5236\u9a8c\u8bc1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5176\u4ed6\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5982 check_hostname<\/code>\u3001load_verify_locations()<\/code> \u7b49\uff0c\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u7279\u5b9a\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
context.check_hostname = True<\/p>\n
context.load_verify_locations(cafile='path\/to\/cafile')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u52a0\u8f7d\u8bc1\u4e66<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u8f7d\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u548c\u5bc6\u94a5\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8fdb\u884c\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 load_cert_chain()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u52a0\u8f7d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
context.load_cert_chain(certfile='path\/to\/certfile', keyfile='path\/to\/keyfile')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u7b7e\u540d\u8bc1\u4e66<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u7b7e\u540d\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u81ea\u7b7e\u540d\u8bc1\u4e66\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u53d7\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
context.load_verify_locations(cafile='path\/to\/self_signed_cert.pem')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u5305\u88c5\u5957\u63a5\u5b57<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u5e76\u914d\u7f6eSSL\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u5305\u88c5\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u3002\u5305\u88c5\u540e\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528SSL\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import socket<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u666e\u901a\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57<\/strong><\/h2>\n
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528SSL\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5305\u88c5\u5957\u63a5\u5b57<\/strong><\/h2>\n
ssl_sock = context.wrap_socket(sock, server_hostname='example.com')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5305\u88c5\u540e\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u666e\u901a\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e00\u6837\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
ssl_sock.connect(('example.com', 443))<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 send()<\/code> \u548c recv()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
ssl_sock.sendall(b'GET \/ HTTP\/1.1\\r\\nHost: example.com\\r\\n\\r\\n')<\/p>\n
\u63a5\u6536\u54cd\u5e94<\/strong><\/h2>\n
response = ssl_sock.recv(4096)<\/p>\n
print(response.decode('utf-8'))<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u5904\u7406SSL\u9519\u8bef<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4f7f\u7528SSL\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u5404\u79cdSSL\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u6355\u83b7\u5e76\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    ssl_sock.connect(('example.com', 443))<\/p>\n
except ssl.SSLError as e:<\/p>\n
    print(f'SSL error: {e}')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5e38\u89c1\u7684SSL\u9519\u8bef\u5305\u62ec\u8bc1\u4e66\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5931\u8d25\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u8d85\u65f6\u7b49\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9519\u8bef\u7c7b\u578b\u91c7\u53d6\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b8c\u6210\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u540e\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f97\u5173\u95edSSL\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u548c\u57fa\u7840\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
ssl_sock.close()<\/p>\n
sock.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8be6\u7ec6\u793a\u4f8b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528SSL\u8fdb\u884c\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import ssl<\/p>\n
import socket<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efaSSL\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587<\/strong><\/h2>\n
context = ssl.create_default_context()<\/p>\n
context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED<\/p>\n
context.load_verify_locations(cafile='path\/to\/cafile')<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u666e\u901a\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57<\/strong><\/h2>\n
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528SSL\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5305\u88c5\u5957\u63a5\u5b57<\/strong><\/h2>\n
ssl_sock = context.wrap_socket(sock, server_hostname='example.com')<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    # \u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/p>\n
    ssl_sock.connect(('example.com', 443))<\/p>\n
    # \u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
    ssl_sock.sendall(b'GET \/ HTTP\/1.1\\r\\nHost: example.com\\r\\n\\r\\n')<\/p>\n
    # \u63a5\u6536\u54cd\u5e94<\/p>\n
    response = ssl_sock.recv(4096)<\/p>\n
    print(response.decode('utf-8'))<\/p>\n
except ssl.SSLError as e:<\/p>\n
    print(f'SSL error: {e}')<\/p>\n
finally:<\/p>\n
    # \u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n
    ssl_sock.close()<\/p>\n
    sock.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u9ad8\u7ea7\u9009\u9879<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u9ad8\u7ea7\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u591a\u7684SSL\u9009\u9879\u6765\u6ee1\u8db3\u7279\u5b9a\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6eSSL\u534f\u8bae\u7248\u672c\u3001\u7981\u7528\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u6216\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u8bbe\u7f6eSSL\u534f\u8bae\u7248\u672c<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4f20\u9012 ssl.PROTOCOL_*<\/code> \u5e38\u91cf\u6765\u6307\u5b9aSSL\u534f\u8bae\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7981\u7528\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 context.options<\/code> \u548c context.set_ciphers()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u7981\u7528\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u548c\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
context.options |= ssl.OP_NO_TLSv1 | ssl.OP_NO_TLSv1_1<\/p>\n
context.set_ciphers('HIGH:!aNULL:!eNULL:!PSK:!RC4:!MD5:!aDH:!AESGCM')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6b65SSL\u8fde\u63a5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u5904\u7406SSL\u8fde\u63a5\u3002Python\u7684 asyncio<\/code> \u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5bf9\u5f02\u6b65I\/O\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408 ssl<\/code> \u6a21\u5757\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f02\u6b65SSL\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5f02\u6b65SSL\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528 asyncio<\/code> \u548c ssl<\/code> \u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5f02\u6b65SSL\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import asyncio<\/p>\n
import ssl<\/p>\n
async def fetch_data(host, port):<\/p>\n
    context = ssl.create_default_context()<\/p>\n
    context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED<\/p>\n
    context.load_verify_locations(cafile='path\/to\/cafile')<\/p>\n
    reader, writer = await asyncio.open_connection(host, port, ssl=context)<\/p>\n
    writer.write(b'GET \/ HTTP\/1.1\\r\\nHost: example.com\\r\\n\\r\\n')<\/p>\n
    await writer.drain()<\/p>\n
    response = await reader.read(4096)<\/p>\n
    print(response.decode('utf-8'))<\/p>\n
    writer.close()<\/p>\n
    await writer.wait_closed()<\/p>\n
asyncio.run(fetch_data('example.com', 443))<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u9a8c\u8bc1\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b50\u7c7b\u5316 ssl.SSLContext<\/code> \u5e76\u91cd\u5199 load_verify_locations()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import ssl<\/p>\n
class CustomSSLContext(ssl.SSLContext):<\/p>\n
    def load_verify_locations(self, cafile=None, capath=None, cadata=None):<\/p>\n
        # \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u9a8c\u8bc1\u903b\u8f91<\/p>\n
        super().load_verify_locations(cafile, capath, cadata)<\/p>\n
context = CustomSSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT)<\/p>\n
context.load_verify_locations(cafile='path\/to\/cafile')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528HTTPS\u8fde\u63a5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528SSL\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u573a\u666f\u662f\u8fdb\u884cHTTPS\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 http.client<\/code> \u6a21\u5757\u7ed3\u5408 ssl<\/code> \u6a21\u5757\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0HTTPS\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import http.client<\/p>\n
import ssl<\/p>\n
context = ssl.create_default_context()<\/p>\n
context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED<\/p>\n
context.load_verify_locations(cafile='path\/to\/cafile')<\/p>\n
conn = http.client.HTTPSConnection('example.com', context=context)<\/p>\n
conn.request('GET', '\/')<\/p>\n
response = conn.getresponse()<\/p>\n
print(response.read().decode('utf-8'))<\/p>\n
conn.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5c0f\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u60a8\u5e94\u8be5\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884cSSL\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4ece\u57fa\u672c\u7684SSL\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u9ad8\u7ea7\u9009\u9879\u548c\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u548c\u793a\u4f8b\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u5bf9\u60a8\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b89\u5168\u53ef\u9760\u7684SSL\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e66\u548c\u5bc6\u94a5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u6cc4\u9732\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5b9a\u671f\u66f4\u65b0\u8bc1\u4e66\u548c\u5bc6\u94a5\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u8fc7\u671f\u548c\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acbSSL\u8fde\u63a5\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7684ssl<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u5efa\u7acbSSL\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aSSL\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u914d\u7f6e\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u9009\u9879\u3002\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7socket<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u5305\u88c5\u4e3aSSL\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528SSL\/TLS\u534f\u8bae\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u5168\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n
Python\u4e2dSSL\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u9519\u8bef\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728\u4f7f\u7528Python\u8fdb\u884cSSL\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8bc1\u4e66\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5931\u8d25\u3001SSL\u534f\u8bae\u7248\u672c\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u6216\u8bc1\u4e66\u94fe\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e\u914d\u7f6e\u7684SSL\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6216\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u6709\u5173\u3002\u8c03\u8bd5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9519\u8bef\u9700\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u60c5\u51b5\u8c03\u6574SSL\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u9a8c\u8bc1SSL\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6eSSL\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7684verify_mode<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1SSL\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002\u4f7f\u7528ssl.CERT_REQUIRED<\/code>\u9009\u9879\u65f6\uff0cPython\u4f1a\u8981\u6c42\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u6548\u7684CA\u8bc1\u4e66\u4ee5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6eload_verify_locations()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u6307\u5b9aCA\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u786e\u4fdd\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u8981\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884cSSL\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7684 ssl \u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5bf9\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u5b89\u5168 (TLS) \u548c\u5b89\u5168\u5957 […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1172016,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1172008"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1172008"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1172008\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1172018,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1172008\/revisions\/1172018"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1172016"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1172008"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1172008"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1172008"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}