{"id":1163560,"date":"2025-01-15T14:56:39","date_gmt":"2025-01-15T06:56:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1163560.html"},"modified":"2025-01-15T14:56:41","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T06:56:41","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%94%a8python%e9%87%87%e9%9b%86%e7%9f%a5%e4%b9%8e","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1163560.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u7528python\u91c7\u96c6\u77e5\u4e4e"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5982\u4f55\u7528python\u91c7\u96c6\u77e5\u4e4e\"<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528Python\u91c7\u96c6\u77e5\u4e4e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u722c\u866b\u5e93\u5982BeautifulSoup\u3001\u4f7f\u7528API\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4f7f\u7528\u722c\u866b\u5e93BeautifulSoup\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fdb\u884cPython\u722c\u866b\u65f6\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4ee5\u53ca\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u3002\u77e5\u4e4e\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u6570\u636e\u662f\u901a\u8fc7JavaScript\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u722c\u866b\u5e93\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6a21\u62df\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u884c\u4e3a\u6765\u6293\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002BeautifulSoup\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u6790HTML\uff0c\u63d0\u53d6\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u8fdb\u884c\u77e5\u4e4e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5b89\u88c5\u6240\u9700\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u8981\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u9875\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5requests\u5e93\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5b89\u88c5\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528pip\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

pip install beautifulsoup4<\/p>\n
pip install requests<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u83b7\u53d6\u77e5\u4e4e\u7f51\u9875\u7684HTML\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u77e5\u4e4e\u7684\u201c\u70ed\u95e8\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u9875\u9762\u4e3a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u9875\u7684URL<\/strong><\/h2>\n
url = 'https:\/\/www.zhihu.com\/hot'<\/p>\n
\u6dfb\u52a0\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\uff0c\u6a21\u62df\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong><\/h2>\n
headers = {<\/p>\n
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla\/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit\/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome\/91.0.4472.124 Safari\/537.36'<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)<\/p>\n
\u68c0\u67e5\u8bf7\u6c42\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f<\/strong><\/h2>\n
if response.status_code == 200:<\/p>\n
    page_content = response.text<\/p>\n
else:<\/p>\n
    print(f"FAI<\/a>led to retrieve page with status code {response.status_code}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u89e3\u6790\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u89e3\u6790\u521a\u521a\u83b7\u53d6\u7684HTML\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u6790\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/h2>\n
soup = BeautifulSoup(page_content, 'html.parser')<\/p>\n
\u67e5\u627e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u70ed\u95e8\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/h2>\n
hot_questions = soup.find_all('div', class_='HotItem-title')<\/p>\n
\u6253\u5370\u6240\u6709\u70ed\u95e8\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6807\u9898<\/strong><\/h2>\n
for question in hot_questions:<\/p>\n
    print(question.get_text())<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u5904\u7406\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u5185\u5bb9<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u662f\u901a\u8fc7JavaScript\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u89e3\u6790HTML\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u5e93\u6a21\u62df\u7528\u6237\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install selenium<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u83b7\u53d6\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5bb9<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u3002\u4ee5Chrome\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e0b\u8f7dChromeDriver\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u83b7\u53d6\u77e5\u4e4e\u9875\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from selenium import webdriver<\/p>\n
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service<\/p>\n
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By<\/p>\n
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options<\/p>\n
\u8bbe\u7f6eChromeDriver\u8def\u5f84<\/strong><\/h2>\n
chrome_driver_path = '\/path\/to\/chromedriver'<\/p>\n
\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u9009\u9879<\/strong><\/h2>\n
chrome_options = Options()<\/p>\n
chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')<\/p>\n
chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
service = Service(chrome_driver_path)<\/p>\n
browser = webdriver.Chrome(service=service, options=chrome_options)<\/p>\n
\u8bbf\u95ee\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u9875<\/strong><\/h2>\n
browser.get(url)<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/h2>\n
page_content = browser.page_source<\/p>\n
\u5173\u95ed\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668<\/strong><\/h2>\n
browser.quit()<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u6790\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/h2>\n
soup = BeautifulSoup(page_content, 'html.parser')<\/p>\n
\u67e5\u627e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u70ed\u95e8\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/h2>\n
hot_questions = soup.find_all('div', class_='HotItem-title')<\/p>\n
\u6253\u5370\u6240\u6709\u70ed\u95e8\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6807\u9898<\/strong><\/h2>\n
for question in hot_questions:<\/p>\n
    print(question.get_text())<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u5904\u7406\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u673a\u5236<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u77e5\u4e4e\u7b49\u7f51\u7ad9\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u6709\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5982\u9891\u7e41\u8bbf\u95ee\u4f1a\u88ab\u5c01\u7981IP\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u5236\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406IP\u3001\u9650\u5236\u8bbf\u95ee\u9891\u7387\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u7ed5\u8fc7\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u6a21\u62df\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u8bc6\u522b\u4e3a\u722c\u866b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
headers = {<\/p>\n
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla\/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit\/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome\/91.0.4472.124 Safari\/537.36',<\/p>\n
    'Referer': 'https:\/\/www.zhihu.com\/',<\/p>\n
    'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9'<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406IP<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee3\u7406IP\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u907f\u514dIP\u88ab\u5c01\u7981\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
proxies = {<\/p>\n
    'http': 'http:\/\/your_proxy_ip:your_proxy_port',<\/p>\n
    'https': 'http:\/\/your_proxy_ip:your_proxy_port'<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, proxies=proxies)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u9650\u5236\u8bbf\u95ee\u9891\u7387<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u8bbf\u95ee\u9891\u7387\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u9891\u7e41\u8bbf\u95ee\u88ab\u5c01\u7981\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import time<\/p>\n
\u6bcf\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u95f4\u96943\u79d2<\/strong><\/h2>\n
time.sleep(3)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u4fdd\u5b58\u6570\u636e<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5c06\u6293\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u540e\u7eed\u5206\u6790\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
with open('zhihu_hot_questions.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:<\/p>\n
    for question in hot_questions:<\/p>\n
        f.write(question.get_text() + '\\n')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528SQLite\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4fdd\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import sqlite3<\/p>\n
\u8fde\u63a5SQLite\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong><\/h2>\n
conn = sqlite3.connect('zhihu.db')<\/p>\n
cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u8868<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cursor.execute('''CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS hot_questions<\/p>\n
                  (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,<\/p>\n
                   title TEXT)''')<\/p>\n
\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
for question in hot_questions:<\/p>\n
    cursor.execute("INSERT INTO hot_questions (title) VALUES (?)", (question.get_text(),))<\/p>\n
\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1<\/strong><\/h2>\n
conn.commit()<\/p>\n
\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
conn.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516b\u3001\u5b8c\u6574\u793a\u4f8b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5c06\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6b65\u9aa4\u6574\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6f14\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u91c7\u96c6\u77e5\u4e4e\u70ed\u95e8\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup<\/p>\n
from selenium import webdriver<\/p>\n
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service<\/p>\n
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By<\/p>\n
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options<\/p>\n
import time<\/p>\n
import sqlite3<\/p>\n
\u8bbe\u7f6eChromeDriver\u8def\u5f84<\/strong><\/h2>\n
chrome_driver_path = '\/path\/to\/chromedriver'<\/p>\n
\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u9009\u9879<\/strong><\/h2>\n
chrome_options = Options()<\/p>\n
chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')<\/p>\n
chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
service = Service(chrome_driver_path)<\/p>\n
browser = webdriver.Chrome(service=service, options=chrome_options)<\/p>\n
\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u9875\u7684URL<\/strong><\/h2>\n
url = 'https:\/\/www.zhihu.com\/hot'<\/p>\n
\u8bbf\u95ee\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u9875<\/strong><\/h2>\n
browser.get(url)<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/h2>\n
page_content = browser.page_source<\/p>\n
\u5173\u95ed\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668<\/strong><\/h2>\n
browser.quit()<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u6790\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/h2>\n
soup = BeautifulSoup(page_content, 'html.parser')<\/p>\n
\u67e5\u627e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u70ed\u95e8\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/h2>\n
hot_questions = soup.find_all('div', class_='HotItem-title')<\/p>\n
\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n
with open('zhihu_hot_questions.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:<\/p>\n
    for question in hot_questions:<\/p>\n
        f.write(question.get_text() + '\\n')<\/p>\n
\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u8fde\u63a5SQLite\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong><\/h2>\n
conn = sqlite3.connect('zhihu.db')<\/p>\n
cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u8868<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cursor.execute('''CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS hot_questions<\/p>\n
                  (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,<\/p>\n
                   title TEXT)''')<\/p>\n
\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
for question in hot_questions:<\/p>\n
    cursor.execute("INSERT INTO hot_questions (title) VALUES (?)", (question.get_text(),))<\/p>\n
\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1<\/strong><\/h2>\n
conn.commit()<\/p>\n
\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
conn.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e5d\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Python\u91c7\u96c6\u77e5\u4e4e\u7684\u70ed\u95e8\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u77e5\u4e4e\u7b49\u7f51\u7ad9\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u6709\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u91c7\u96c6\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u5e94\u9075\u5b88\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6761\u6b3e\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u9891\u7e41\u8bbf\u95ee\u9020\u6210\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u8c03\u6574\u722c\u866b\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u52a0\u5feb\u91c7\u96c6\u901f\u5ea6\u3001\u5904\u7406\u66f4\u591a\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528Python\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u9875\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u7684\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u83b7\u53d6\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u7528\u4e8e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u65ad\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u638c\u63e1\u66f4\u591a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u722c\u866b\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u8d28\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5f00\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528Python\u8fdb\u884c\u77e5\u4e4e\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\uff1f<\/strong>
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