{"id":1161003,"date":"2025-01-13T19:11:37","date_gmt":"2025-01-13T11:11:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1161003.html"},"modified":"2025-01-13T19:11:40","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T11:11:40","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%88%a4%e6%96%ad%e6%98%af%e5%90%a6%e6%98%af%e5%ad%97%e5%85%b8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1161003.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5b57\u5178"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5b57\u5178\"<\/p>\n

\u8981\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528isinstance<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u3001type<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/strong> \u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u548c\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528isinstance<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5426\u662f\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u662f\u8be5\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5b50\u7c7b\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u5e76\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4f7f\u7528isinstance<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528isinstance<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5b57\u5178\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

isinstance<\/code>\u662fPython\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u68c0\u67e5\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5426\u662f\u67d0\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\u7528\u6cd5\u662fisinstance(object, classinfo)<\/code>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dobject<\/code>\u662f\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0cclassinfo<\/code>\u662f\u7c7b\u578b\u6216\u7c7b\u578b\u5143\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

# \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
obj = {"key": "value"}<\/p>\n
\u5224\u65adobj\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5b57\u5178<\/strong><\/h2>\n
if isinstance(obj, dict):<\/p>\n
    print("obj\u662f\u5b57\u5178")<\/p>\n
else:<\/p>\n
    print("obj\u4e0d\u662f\u5b57\u5178")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0cisinstance(obj, dict)<\/code>\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56deTrue<\/code>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aobj<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u5178\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7isinstance<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u786e\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5b57\u5178\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528type<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5b57\u5178\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u867d\u7136isinstance<\/code>\u662f\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528type<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u3002type<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u5176\u4e0edict<\/code>\u7c7b\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
obj = {"key": "value"}<\/p>\n
\u5224\u65adobj\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5b57\u5178<\/strong><\/h2>\n
if type(obj) is dict:<\/p>\n
    print("obj\u662f\u5b57\u5178")<\/p>\n
else:<\/p>\n
    print("obj\u4e0d\u662f\u5b57\u5178")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0ctype(obj)<\/code>\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0ctype(obj) is dict<\/code>\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56deTrue<\/code>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aobj<\/code>\u662f\u5b57\u5178\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5b57\u5178\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5b57\u5178\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u5982isinstance<\/code>\u548ctype<\/code>\u76f4\u89c2\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7528\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
def is_dict(obj):<\/p>\n
    return isinstance(obj, dict)<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u5224\u65ad<\/strong><\/h2>\n
obj = {"key": "value"}<\/p>\n
if is_dict(obj):<\/p>\n
    print("obj\u662f\u5b57\u5178")<\/p>\n
else:<\/p>\n
    print("obj\u4e0d\u662f\u5b57\u5178")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2ais_dict<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u4f7f\u7528isinstance<\/code>\u6765\u68c0\u67e5\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5b57\u5178\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5b57\u5178\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528isinstance<\/code>\u5224\u65ad\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5b57\u5178<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
isinstance<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u662fPython\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u67e5\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5426\u662f\u67d0\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5426\u662f\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5426\u662f\u8be5\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5b50\u7c7b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\u4f7f\u7528isinstance<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. \u8c03\u7528isinstance<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/strong> \u5c06\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9isinstance<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n
  2. \u68c0\u67e5\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a<\/strong> isinstance<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e03\u5c14\u503c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u6307\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56deTrue<\/code>\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8fd4\u56deFalse<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    # \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
    obj = {"key": "value"}<\/p>\n
    \u5224\u65adobj\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5b57\u5178<\/strong><\/h2>\n
    if isinstance(obj, dict):<\/p>\n
        print("obj\u662f\u5b57\u5178")<\/p>\n
    else:<\/p>\n
        print("obj\u4e0d\u662f\u5b57\u5178")<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0cisinstance(obj, dict)<\/code>\u8fd4\u56deTrue<\/code>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aobj<\/code>\u662f\u5b57\u5178\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u201cobj\u662f\u5b57\u5178\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528type<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u5224\u65ad\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5b57\u5178<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    \u867d\u7136isinstance<\/code>\u662f\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528type<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u3002type<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u5176\u4e0edict<\/code>\u7c7b\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u4f7f\u7528type<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \u8c03\u7528type<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/strong> \u5c06\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9type<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n
    2. \u6bd4\u8f83\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a<\/strong> \u5c06type<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e0edict<\/code>\u7c7b\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      # \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
      obj = {"key": "value"}<\/p>\n
      \u5224\u65adobj\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5b57\u5178<\/strong><\/h2>\n
      if type(obj) is dict:<\/p>\n
          print("obj\u662f\u5b57\u5178")<\/p>\n
      else:<\/p>\n
          print("obj\u4e0d\u662f\u5b57\u5178")<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0ctype(obj)<\/code>\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0ctype(obj) is dict<\/code>\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56deTrue<\/code>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aobj<\/code>\u662f\u5b57\u5178\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u201cobj\u662f\u5b57\u5178\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u4e09\u3001\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u5224\u65ad\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5b57\u5178<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
      \u9664\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528isinstance<\/code>\u548ctype<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5b57\u5178\u3002\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/strong> \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u63a5\u6536\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e03\u5c14\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n
      2. \u5728\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528isinstance<\/code>\u6216type<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/strong> \u5728\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u90e8\u4f7f\u7528isinstance<\/code>\u6216type<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5b57\u5178\u3002<\/li>\n
      3. \u8fd4\u56de\u5224\u65ad\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<\/strong> \u8fd4\u56de\u5224\u65ad\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        # \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
        def is_dict(obj):<\/p>\n
            return isinstance(obj, dict)<\/p>\n
        \u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u5224\u65ad<\/strong><\/h2>\n
        obj = {"key": "value"}<\/p>\n
        if is_dict(obj):<\/p>\n
            print("obj\u662f\u5b57\u5178")<\/p>\n
        else:<\/p>\n
            print("obj\u4e0d\u662f\u5b57\u5178")<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
        \u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2ais_dict<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u4f7f\u7528isinstance<\/code>\u6765\u68c0\u67e5\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5b57\u5178\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5b57\u5178\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \u56db\u3001\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
        \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b57\u5178\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5305\u62ec\u521b\u5efa\u5b57\u5178\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b57\u5178\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u6dfb\u52a0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u7b49\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \u521b\u5efa\u5b57\u5178<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
        \u521b\u5efa\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7{}<\/code>\u3001dict<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. \u4f7f\u7528\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7\u521b\u5efa\u5b57\u5178\uff1a<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          # \u521b\u5efa\u7a7a\u5b57\u5178<\/p>\n
          empty_dict = {}<\/p>\n
          \u521b\u5efa\u5305\u542b\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5b57\u5178<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          person = {"name": "Alice", "age": 30, "city": "New York"}<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \n
          1. \u4f7f\u7528dict<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u5b57\u5178\uff1a<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            # \u4f7f\u7528\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u521b\u5efa\u5b57\u5178<\/p>\n
            person = dict(name="Alice", age=30, city="New York")<\/p>\n
            \u4f7f\u7528\u5217\u8868\u521b\u5efa\u5b57\u5178<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            pAI<\/a>rs = [("name", "Alice"), ("age", 30), ("city", "New York")]<\/p>\n
            person = dict(pairs)<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \u8bbf\u95ee\u5b57\u5178\u5143\u7d20<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
            \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u952e\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u5982\u679c\u952e\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1KeyError<\/code>\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            # \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
            person = {"name": "Alice", "age": 30, "city": "New York"}<\/p>\n
            \u8bbf\u95ee\u5b57\u5178\u5143\u7d20<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            name = person["name"]<\/p>\n
            print(name)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aAlice<\/p>\n
            \u4f7f\u7528get\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            age = person.get("age", "N\/A")<\/p>\n
            print(age)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a30<\/p>\n
            \u8bbf\u95ee\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u952e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            country = person.get("country", "N\/A")<\/p>\n
            print(country)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aN\/A<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \u6dfb\u52a0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
            \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528del<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            # \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
            person = {"name": "Alice", "age": 30, "city": "New York"}<\/p>\n
            \u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            person["country"] = "USA"<\/p>\n
            print(person)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 30, 'city': 'New York', 'country': 'USA'}<\/p>\n
            \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            del person["city"]<\/p>\n
            print(person)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 30, 'country': 'USA'}<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \u4e94\u3001\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
            \u9664\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b57\u5178\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u9ad8\u7ea7\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u904d\u5386\u5b57\u5178\u3001\u5b57\u5178\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f\u3001\u5408\u5e76\u5b57\u5178\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \u904d\u5386\u5b57\u5178<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
            \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528for<\/code>\u5faa\u73af\u904d\u5386\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u952e\u3001\u503c\u6216\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            # \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
            person = {"name": "Alice", "age": 30, "city": "New York"}<\/p>\n
            \u904d\u5386\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u952e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            for key in person:<\/p>\n
                print(key)<\/p>\n
            \u904d\u5386\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u503c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            for value in person.values():<\/p>\n
                print(value)<\/p>\n
            \u904d\u5386\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5bf9<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            for key, value in person.items():<\/p>\n
                print(f"{key}: {value}")<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \u5b57\u5178\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
            \u5b57\u5178\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u751f\u6210\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u7b80\u6d01\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            # \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
            \u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u5178\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f\u521b\u5efa\u5b57\u5178<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            squares = {x: x2 for x in range(6)}<\/p>\n
            print(squares)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a{0: 0, 1: 1, 2: 4, 3: 9, 4: 16, 5: 25}<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \u5408\u5e76\u5b57\u5178<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
            \u5728Python 3.9\u53ca\u4ee5\u540e\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528|<\/code>\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u5408\u5e76\u5b57\u5178\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            # \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
            dict1 = {"a": 1, "b": 2}<\/p>\n
            dict2 = {"b": 3, "c": 4}<\/p>\n
            \u5408\u5e76\u5b57\u5178<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            merged_dict = dict1 | dict2<\/p>\n
            print(merged_dict)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a{'a': 1, 'b': 3, 'c': 4}<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \u5728Python 3.5\u53ca\u4ee5\u540e\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<\/code>\u89e3\u5305\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u5408\u5e76\u5b57\u5178\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            # \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
            dict1 = {"a": 1, "b": 2}<\/p>\n
            dict2 = {"b": 3, "c": 4}<\/p>\n
            \u5408\u5e76\u5b57\u5178<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            merged_dict = {<strong>dict1, <\/strong>dict2}<\/p>\n
            print(merged_dict)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a{'a': 1, 'b': 3, 'c': 4}<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \u516d\u3001\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
            \u5b57\u5178\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \u8ba1\u6570<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
            \u5b57\u5178\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u7edf\u8ba1\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            # \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
            text = "hello world"<\/p>\n
            counter = {}<\/p>\n
            for char in text:<\/p>\n
                if char in counter:<\/p>\n
                    counter[char] += 1<\/p>\n
                else:<\/p>\n
                    counter[char] = 1<\/p>\n
            print(counter)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a{'h': 1, 'e': 1, 'l': 3, 'o': 2, ' ': 1, 'w': 1, 'r': 1, 'd': 1}<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \u5b58\u50a8\u914d\u7f6e<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
            \u5b57\u5178\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u914d\u7f6e\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u914d\u7f6e\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            # \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
            db_config = {<\/p>\n
                "host": "localhost",<\/p>\n
                "port": 3306,<\/p>\n
                "user": "root",<\/p>\n
                "password": "password",<\/p>\n
                "database": "test_db"<\/p>\n
            }<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \u591a\u503c\u6620\u5c04<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
            \u5b57\u5178\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u503c\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u4e2a\u952e\u5bf9\u5e94\u591a\u4e2a\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            # \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
            from collections import defaultdict<\/p>\n
            \u4f7f\u7528defaultdict\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u503c\u6620\u5c04<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            multi_dict = defaultdict(list)<\/p>\n
            \u6dfb\u52a0\u503c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            multi_dict["a"].append(1)<\/p>\n
            multi_dict["a"].append(2)<\/p>\n
            multi_dict["b"].append(3)<\/p>\n
            print(multi_dict)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1adefaultdict(<class 'list'>, {'a': [1, 2], 'b': [3]})<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \u4e03\u3001\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u4f18\u5316<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
            \u5b57\u5178\u5728Python\u4e2d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \u54c8\u5e0c\u8868<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
            \u5b57\u5178\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3aO(1)\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
            \u5b57\u5178\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5b58\u50a8\u989d\u5916\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u548c\u6307\u9488\u3002\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u7d27\u5f20\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5217\u8868\u6216\u5143\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u8ba1\u7b97<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
            \u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u5178\u65f6\uff0c\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u8ba1\u7b97\u952e\u7684\u503c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u7f13\u5b58\u5230\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u91cd\u65b0\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            # \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
            \u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u8ba1\u7b97<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            results = {}<\/p>\n
            def expensive_operation(x):<\/p>\n
                if x not in results:<\/p>\n
                    results[x] = x  2  # \u5047\u8bbe\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8017\u65f6\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97<\/p>\n
                return results[x]<\/p>\n
            \u4f7f\u7528\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            print(expensive_operation(4))  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a16<\/p>\n
            print(expensive_operation(4))  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a16<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \u516b\u3001\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
            \u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u5178\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9519\u8bef\u5e76\u638c\u63e1\u8c03\u8bd5\u6280\u5de7\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u5178\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            KeyError\u5f02\u5e38<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
            KeyError<\/code>\u5f02\u5e38\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u952e\u65f6\u5f15\u53d1\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528get<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6216in<\/code>\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u6765\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u79cd\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            # \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
            person = {"name": "Alice", "age": 30}<\/p>\n
            \u4f7f\u7528get\u65b9\u6cd5\u907f\u514dKeyError<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            city = person.get("city", "Unknown")<\/p>\n
            print(city)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aUnknown<\/p>\n
            \u4f7f\u7528in\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u907f\u514dKeyError<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            if "city" in person:<\/p>\n
                print(person["city"])<\/p>\n
            else:<\/p>\n
                print("City not found")<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \u4fee\u6539\u5b57\u5178\u65f6\u7684RuntimeError<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
            \u5728\u904d\u5386\u5b57\u5178\u65f6\u4fee\u6539\u5b57\u5178\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1RuntimeError<\/code>\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u526f\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u5178\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f\u6765\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u79cd\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            # \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
            person = {"name": "Alice", "age": 30, "city": "New York"}<\/p>\n
            \u904d\u5386\u5b57\u5178\u65f6\u4fee\u6539\u5b57\u5178\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u53d1RuntimeError<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            for key in list(person.keys()):<\/p>\n
                if key == "city":<\/p>\n
                    del person[key]<\/p>\n
            print(person)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 30}<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \u8c03\u8bd5\u6280\u5de7<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
            \u5728\u8c03\u8bd5\u5b57\u5178\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528print<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u8f93\u51fa\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6216\u4f7f\u7528pprint<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u8f93\u51fa\u5b57\u5178\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            # \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
            import pprint<\/p>\n
            person = {"name": "Alice", "age": 30, "city": "New York"}<\/p>\n
            \u4f7f\u7528print\u51fd\u6570\u8f93\u51fa\u5b57\u5178\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            print(person)<\/p>\n
            \u4f7f\u7528pprint\u6a21\u5757\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u8f93\u51fa\u5b57\u5178<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            pprint.pprint(person)<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \u4e5d\u3001\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u548c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
            \u9664\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u5e38\u89c1\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u5b57\u5178\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6cd5\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \u5177\u540d\u5143\u7ec4<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
            \u5177\u540d\u5143\u7ec4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u5c5e\u6027\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u503c\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528collections.namedtuple<\/code>\u521b\u5efa\u5177\u540d\u5143\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            # \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
            from collections import namedtuple<\/p>\n
            \u521b\u5efa\u5177\u540d\u5143\u7ec4<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            Person = namedtuple("Person", ["name", "age", "city"])<\/p>\n
            \u521b\u5efa\u5177\u540d\u5143\u7ec4\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            person = Person(name="Alice", age=30, city="New York")<\/p>\n
            \u4f7f\u7528\u5c5e\u6027\u8bbf\u95ee\u503c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            print(person.name)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aAlice<\/p>\n
            print(person.age)   # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a30<\/p>\n
            print(person.city)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aNew York<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \u6709\u5e8f\u5b57\u5178<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
            \u5728Python 3.7\u53ca\u4ee5\u540e\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6807\u51c6\u5b57\u5178\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u6309\u7167\u63d2\u5165\u987a\u5e8f\u5b58\u50a8\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3002\u5728\u8f83\u65e9\u7684\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528collections.OrderedDict<\/code>\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u6709\u5e8f\u5b57\u5178\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            # \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
            from collections import OrderedDict<\/p>\n
            \u521b\u5efa\u6709\u5e8f\u5b57\u5178<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            ordered_dict = OrderedDict()<\/p>\n
            ordered_dict["name"] = "Alice"<\/p>\n
            ordered_dict["age"] = 30<\/p>\n
            ordered_dict["city"] = "New York"<\/p>\n
            \u8f93\u51fa\u6709\u5e8f\u5b57\u5178<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            print(ordered_dict)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aOrderedDict([('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 30), ('city', 'New York')])<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b57\u5178<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
            collections.defaultdict<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u952e\u63d0\u4f9b\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            # \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
            from collections import defaultdict<\/p>\n
            \u521b\u5efa\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b57\u5178<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            default_dict = defaultdict(int)<\/p>\n
            \u8bbf\u95ee\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u952e\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            print(default_dict["count"])  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a0<\/p>\n
            \u6dfb\u52a0\u503c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            default_dict["count"] += 1<\/p>\n
            print(default_dict["count"])  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a1<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \u5341\u3001\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u548c\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
            \u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u5b57\u5178\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u548c\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \u4f7f\u7528JSON\u8fdb\u884c\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u548c\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
            JSON\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u683c\u5f0f\uff0cPython\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86json<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u7528\u4e8eJSON\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u548c\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            # \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
            import json<\/p>\n
            \u521b\u5efa\u5b57\u5178<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            person = {"name": "Alice", "age": 30, "city": "New York"}<\/p>\n
            \u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u5b57\u5178<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            json_str = json.dumps(person)<\/p>\n
            print(json_str)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a{"name": "Alice", "age": 30, "city": "New York"}<\/p>\n
            \u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u5b57\u5178<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            person<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
             \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u68c0\u67e5\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u5b57\u5178\uff1f<\/strong>
            \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7684isinstance()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u5b57\u5178\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u8c03\u7528isinstance(obj, dict)<\/code>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dobj<\/code>\u662f\u4f60\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd4\u56deTrue<\/code>\uff0c\u5219\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5b57\u5178\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u8fd4\u56deFalse<\/code>\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u662f\u5b57\u5178\u3002<\/p>\n
            \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b57\u5178\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b\uff1f<\/strong>
            \u5b57\u5178\u662fPython\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u53d8\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3002\u4e0e\u5217\u8868\u3001\u5143\u7ec4\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5b57\u5178\u662f\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u952e\u6765\u5feb\u901f\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u952e\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u4e14\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u6216\u5143\u7ec4\uff0c\u800c\u503c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n
            \u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u5728\u68c0\u67e5\u5b57\u5178\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\uff1f<\/strong>
            \u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u5b57\u5178\u68c0\u67e5\u65f6\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528try-except<\/code>\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u6355\u83b7\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f20\u5165None<\/code>\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u56e0\u7c7b\u578b\u9519\u8bef\u800c\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u4f9b\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u4e86\u89e3\u95ee\u9898\u6240\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u8981\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528isinstance\u51fd\u6570\u3001type\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u3002 \u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u548c\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u65b9 […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1161014,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1161003"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1161003"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1161003\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1161018,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1161003\/revisions\/1161018"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1161014"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1161003"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1161003"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1161003"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}