{"id":1149709,"date":"2025-01-13T16:52:52","date_gmt":"2025-01-13T08:52:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1149709.html"},"modified":"2025-01-13T16:52:54","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T08:52:54","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%94%a8python-%e7%88%ac%e8%99%ab%e6%9f%a5%e8%af%a2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1149709.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u7528python \u722c\u866b\u67e5\u8be2"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5982\u4f55\u7528python<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528Python\u722c\u866b\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u3001\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u5e93\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u5e93\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Scrapy\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/strong>\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed9\u51fa\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\uff1b\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u5e93\uff1b\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u5e93\uff1b\u56db\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Scrapy\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

requests\u5e93\u662fPython\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\u7684HTTP\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u901a\u8fc7requests\u5e93\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u7684HTML\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1. \u5b89\u88c5requests\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5requests\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

pip install requests<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
url = 'https:\/\/www.example.com'<\/p>\n
response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
print(response.text)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u5bfc\u5165\u4e86requests\u5e93\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528requests.get<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d1\u9001\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aGET\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u8f93\u51fa\u4e86\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u7f51\u9875\u7684HTML\u5185\u5bb9\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import re<\/p>\n
html_content = response.text<\/p>\n
pattern = re.compile('<title>(.*?)<\/title>')<\/p>\n
title = pattern.search(html_content).group(1)<\/p>\n
print(title)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u63d0\u53d6\u4e86\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u6807\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
BeautifulSoup\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4eceHTML\u6216XML\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7684Python\u5e93\u3002\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7HTML\u6807\u7b7e\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u63d0\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u5b89\u88c5BeautifulSoup\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5BeautifulSoup\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install beautifulsoup4<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u89e3\u6790HTML\u5185\u5bb9<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
BeautifulSoup\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0erequests\u5e93\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5148\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u6790\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup<\/p>\n
url = 'https:\/\/www.example.com'<\/p>\n
response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
html_content = response.text<\/p>\n
soup = BeautifulSoup(html_content, 'html.parser')<\/p>\n
print(soup.prettify())<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u83b7\u53d6\u4e86\u7f51\u9875\u7684HTML\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u5e76\u8f93\u51fa\u4e86\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u540e\u7684HTML\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u67e5\u627e\u548c\u63d0\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u63d0\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
title = soup.title.string<\/p>\n
print(title)<\/p>\n
links = soup.find_all('a')<\/p>\n
for link in links:<\/p>\n
    print(link.get('href'))<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u53d6\u4e86\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u6807\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Selenium\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u81ea\u52a8\u5316Web\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5904\u7406\u9700\u8981JavaScript\u6e32\u67d3\u7684\u7f51\u9875\u3002Selenium\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\uff0c\u5305\u62ecChrome\u3001Firefox\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u5b89\u88c5Selenium\u5e93\u548cWebDriver<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5Selenium\u5e93\u548c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684WebDriver\uff0c\u4ee5Chrome\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install selenium<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7136\u540e\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684ChromeDriver\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u9875\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u53ef\u4ee5\u6253\u5f00\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from selenium import webdriver<\/p>\n
driver = webdriver.Chrome()<\/p>\n
driver.get('https:\/\/www.example.com')<\/p>\n
html_content = driver.page_source<\/p>\n
print(html_content)<\/p>\n
driver.quit()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aChrome\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u6307\u5b9a\u7684URL\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u4e86\u7f51\u9875\u7684HTML\u5185\u5bb9\u5e76\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5173\u95ed\u4e86\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u67e5\u627e\u548c\u63d0\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0eBeautifulSoup\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5148\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u6790\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from selenium import webdriver<\/p>\n
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup<\/p>\n
driver = webdriver.Chrome()<\/p>\n
driver.get('https:\/\/www.example.com')<\/p>\n
html_content = driver.page_source<\/p>\n
soup = BeautifulSoup(html_content, 'html.parser')<\/p>\n
title = soup.title.string<\/p>\n
print(title)<\/p>\n
driver.quit()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u83b7\u53d6\u4e86\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u89e3\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Scrapy\u6846\u67b6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Scrapy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684Python\u722c\u866b\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u7528\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u590d\u6742\u7684\u722c\u866b\u9879\u76ee\u3002Scrapy\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u81ea\u52a8\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u5904\u7406Cookies\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u5b89\u88c5Scrapy\u6846\u67b6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5Scrapy\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install scrapy<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u521b\u5efaScrapy\u9879\u76ee<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528Scrapy\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u722c\u866b\u9879\u76ee\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
scrapy startproject myproject<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7136\u540e\u8fdb\u5165\u9879\u76ee\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u722c\u866b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
cd myproject<\/p>\n
scrapy genspider myspider example.com<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u7f16\u5199\u722c\u866b\u4ee3\u7801<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u751f\u6210\u7684\u722c\u866b\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7f16\u5199\u722c\u866b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import scrapy<\/p>\n
class MySpider(scrapy.Spider):<\/p>\n
    name = 'myspider'<\/p>\n
    start_urls = ['https:\/\/www.example.com']<\/p>\n
    def parse(self, response):<\/p>\n
        title = response.xpath('\/\/title\/text()').get()<\/p>\n
        print(title)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u722c\u866b\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u8d77\u59cbURL\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728parse<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u4e86\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u6807\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
4. \u8fd0\u884c\u722c\u866b<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd0\u884c\u722c\u866b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
scrapy crawl myspider<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd0\u884c\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u63d0\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u7f51\u9875\u6807\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528Python\u722c\u866b\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u3001BeautifulSoup\u5e93\u3001Selenium\u5e93\u548cScrapy\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u6bcf\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002requests\u5e93\u9002\u5408\u7b80\u5355\u7684HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0cBeautifulSoup\u5e93\u9002\u5408\u89e3\u6790HTML\u5185\u5bb9\uff0cSelenium\u5e93\u9002\u5408\u5904\u7406\u9700\u8981JavaScript\u6e32\u67d3\u7684\u7f51\u9875\uff0cScrapy\u6846\u67b6\u9002\u5408\u6784\u5efa\u590d\u6742\u7684\u722c\u866b\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u672c\u6587\u5bf9\u4f60\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406\u548c\u5904\u7406\u53cd\u722c\u866b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u722c\u866b\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982IP\u5c01\u7981\u3001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u7b49\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u722c\u866b\u7684\u6210\u529f\u7387\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5904\u7406\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u9690\u85cf\u771f\u5b9eIP\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u5c01\u7981\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u7684proxies<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee3\u7406\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
proxies = {<\/p>\n
    'http': 'http:\/\/10.10.10.10:8000',<\/p>\n
    'https': 'http:\/\/10.10.10.10:8000',<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
response = requests.get('https:\/\/www.example.com', proxies=proxies)<\/p>\n
print(response.text)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86HTTP\u548cHTTPS\u4ee3\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Selenium\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee3\u7406\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7ChromeOptions\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from selenium import webdriver<\/p>\n
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options<\/p>\n
chrome_options = Options()<\/p>\n
chrome_options.add_argument('--proxy-server=http:\/\/10.10.10.10:8000')<\/p>\n
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=chrome_options)<\/p>\n
driver.get('https:\/\/www.example.com')<\/p>\n
html_content = driver.page_source<\/p>\n
print(html_content)<\/p>\n
driver.quit()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7ChromeOptions\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u4ee3\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u5904\u7406\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
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