{"id":1140929,"date":"2025-01-08T22:26:20","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T14:26:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1140929.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T22:26:22","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T14:26:22","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%94%a8python%e8%af%bb%e5%8f%96%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%ba%93%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%ba%93%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1140929.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u7528python\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6570\u636e"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5982\u4f55\u7528python\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6570\u636e\"<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u7528Python\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528Python\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6b65\u9aa4\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u6267\u884cSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u3001\u5904\u7406\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u3001\u5173\u95ed\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\u662f\u6700\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ee5MySQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4f1a\u62d3\u5c55\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5982SQLite\u3001PostgreSQL\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

Python\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u548c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684Python\u9a71\u52a8\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. MySQL<\/strong>: \u4f7f\u7528mysql-connector-python<\/code>\u6216pymysql<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n
  2. PostgreSQL<\/strong>: \u4f7f\u7528psycopg2<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n
  3. SQLite<\/strong>: \u4f7f\u7528Python\u5185\u7f6e\u7684sqlite3<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/li>\n
  4. SQL Server<\/strong>: \u4f7f\u7528pyodbc<\/code>\u6216pymssql<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u5b89\u88c5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

    \u5728\u5b89\u88c5\u9a71\u52a8\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86pip<\/code>\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u5b89\u88c5\u51e0\u79cd\u5e38\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    pip install mysql-connector-python  # MySQL<\/p>\n
    pip install psycopg2  # PostgreSQL<\/p>\n
    pip install sqlite3  # SQLite (\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u5185\u7f6e\u7684)<\/p>\n
    pip install pyodbc  # SQL Server<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4e8c\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5efa\u7acb\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5982\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u3001\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u3001\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u9a71\u52a8\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    MySQL<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    import mysql.connector<\/p>\n
    db_config = {<\/p>\n
        'user': 'your_username',<\/p>\n
        'password': 'your_password',<\/p>\n
        'host': 'your_host',<\/p>\n
        'database': 'your_database'<\/p>\n
    }<\/p>\n
    connection = mysql.connector.connect(db_config)<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    PostgreSQL<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    import psycopg2<\/p>\n
    connection = psycopg2.connect(<\/p>\n
        dbname="your_database",<\/p>\n
        user="your_username",<\/p>\n
        password="your_password",<\/p>\n
        host="your_host",<\/p>\n
        port="your_port"<\/p>\n
    )<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    SQLite<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    import sqlite3<\/p>\n
    connection = sqlite3.connect('your_database.db')<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    SQL Server<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    import pyodbc<\/p>\n
    connection = pyodbc.connect(<\/p>\n
        'DRIVER={ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server};'<\/p>\n
        'SERVER=your_server;'<\/p>\n
        'DATABASE=your_database;'<\/p>\n
        'UID=your_username;'<\/p>\n
        'PWD=your_password'<\/p>\n
    )<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4e09\u3001\u6267\u884cSQL\u67e5\u8be2<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884cSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u4e86\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528cursor<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u6267\u884cSQL\u8bed\u53e5\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    MySQL<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    cursor = connection.cursor()<\/p>\n
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM your_table")<\/p>\n
    rows = cursor.fetchall()<\/p>\n
    for row in rows:<\/p>\n
        print(row)<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    PostgreSQL<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    cursor = connection.cursor()<\/p>\n
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM your_table")<\/p>\n
    rows = cursor.fetchall()<\/p>\n
    for row in rows:<\/p>\n
        print(row)<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    SQLite<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    cursor = connection.cursor()<\/p>\n
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM your_table")<\/p>\n
    rows = cursor.fetchall()<\/p>\n
    for row in rows:<\/p>\n
        print(row)<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    SQL Server<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    cursor = connection.cursor()<\/p>\n
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM your_table")<\/p>\n
    rows = cursor.fetchall()<\/p>\n
    for row in rows:<\/p>\n
        print(row)<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u56db\u3001\u5904\u7406\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
    \u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u5217\u8868\u6216\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u5904\u7406\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u89e3\u6790\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u51e0\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5b57\u5178<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    \u6709\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    columns = [desc[0] for desc in cursor.description]<\/p>\n
    rows = cursor.fetchall()<\/p>\n
    result = [dict(zip(columns, row)) for row in rows]<\/p>\n
    for row in result:<\/p>\n
        print(row)<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4f7f\u7528pandas\u5904\u7406\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    Pandas\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5904\u7406\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4f7f\u7528Pandas\u5904\u7406\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    import pandas as pd<\/p>\n
    df = pd.read_sql_query("SELECT * FROM your_table", connection)<\/p>\n
    print(df)<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4e94\u3001\u5173\u95ed\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
    \u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u5173\u95ed\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4ee5\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u6210\u529f\u540e\u8fd8\u662f\u53d1\u751f\u5f02\u5e38\u65f6\uff0c\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u786e\u4fdd\u8fde\u63a5\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u5173\u95ed\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4f7f\u7528try-finally\u5757<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    try:<\/p>\n
        # \u6267\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n
        cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM your_table")<\/p>\n
        rows = cursor.fetchall()<\/p>\n
        for row in rows:<\/p>\n
            print(row)<\/p>\n
    finally:<\/p>\n
        cursor.close()<\/p>\n
        connection.close()<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4f7f\u7528with\u8bed\u53e5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    \u67d0\u4e9b\u9a71\u52a8\u652f\u6301\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528with<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u6e90\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    with connection.cursor() as cursor:<\/p>\n
        cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM your_table")<\/p>\n
        rows = cursor.fetchall()<\/p>\n
        for row in rows:<\/p>\n
            print(row)<\/p>\n
    connection.close()<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u516d\u3001\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u9891\u7e41\u5730\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u5173\u95ed\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u590d\u7528\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u7ba1\u7406\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    SQLAlchemy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684Python SQL\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u7cfb\u6620\u5c04\uff08ORM\uff09\u5e93\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u7ba1\u7406\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    from sqlalchemy import create_engine<\/p>\n
    engine = create_engine('mysql+mysqlconnector:\/\/your_username:your_password@your_host\/your_database')<\/p>\n
    with engine.connect() as connection:<\/p>\n
        result = connection.execute("SELECT * FROM your_table")<\/p>\n
        for row in result:<\/p>\n
            print(row)<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4f7f\u7528DBUtils\u7ba1\u7406\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    DBUtils\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    from DBUtils.PooledDB import PooledDB<\/p>\n
    import mysql.connector<\/p>\n
    pool = PooledDB(mysql.connector, 5, user='your_username', password='your_password', host='your_host', database='your_database')<\/p>\n
    connection = pool.connection()<\/p>\n
    cursor = connection.cursor()<\/p>\n
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM your_table")<\/p>\n
    rows = cursor.fetchall()<\/p>\n
    for row in rows:<\/p>\n
        print(row)<\/p>\n
    cursor.close()<\/p>\n
    connection.close()<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4e03\u3001\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f02\u5e38<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u96be\u514d\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f02\u5e38\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5065\u58ee\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u73af\u8282\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f02\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u9519\u8bef\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u6355\u83b7\u548c\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    try:<\/p>\n
        connection = mysql.connector.connect(db_config)<\/p>\n
        cursor = connection.cursor()<\/p>\n
        cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM your_table")<\/p>\n
        rows = cursor.fetchall()<\/p>\n
        for row in rows:<\/p>\n
            print(row)<\/p>\n
    except mysql.connector.Error as err:<\/p>\n
        print(f"Error: {err}")<\/p>\n
    finally:<\/p>\n
        cursor.close()<\/p>\n
        connection.close()<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4f7f\u7528logging\u8bb0\u5f55\u5f02\u5e38<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684logging\u6a21\u5757\u8bb0\u5f55\u5f02\u5e38\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u8c03\u8bd5\u548c\u76d1\u63a7\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    import logging<\/p>\n
    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.ERROR, filename='app.log', filemode='w', format='%(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')<\/p>\n
    try:<\/p>\n
        connection = mysql.connector.connect(db_config)<\/p>\n
        cursor = connection.cursor()<\/p>\n
        cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM your_table")<\/p>\n
        rows = cursor.fetchall()<\/p>\n
        for row in rows:<\/p>\n
            print(row)<\/p>\n
    except mysql.connector.Error as err:<\/p>\n
        logging.error(f"Error: {err}")<\/p>\n
    finally:<\/p>\n
        cursor.close()<\/p>\n
        connection.close()<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u516b\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
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