{"id":1134013,"date":"2025-01-08T21:12:06","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T13:12:06","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-01-08T21:12:09","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T13:12:09","slug":"python%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%ba%93%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%bf%9e%e6%8e%a5%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%ba%93","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1134013.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5982\u4f55\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5982\u4f55\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\"<\/p>\n

Python\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5982\u4f55\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Python\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u591a\u79cd\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\u3001\u901a\u8fc7ORM\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u7cfb\u6620\u5c04\uff09\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u7b49\u3002<\/strong> \u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u5305\u62ec\u5982\u4f55\u5b89\u88c5\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5e93\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u6267\u884c\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5904\u7406\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\u662f\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0e\u7279\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002Python\u4e2d\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\u53ef\u4f9b\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7528\u4e8eMySQL\u7684mysql-connector-python<\/code>\uff0c\u7528\u4e8ePostgreSQL\u7684psycopg2<\/code>\uff0c\u7528\u4e8eSQLite\u7684sqlite3<\/code>\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1.1\u3001\u5b89\u88c5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u8fde\u63a5MySQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u88c5mysql-connector-python<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

pip install mysql-connector-python<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8ePostgreSQL\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528psycopg2<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install psycopg2<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
SQLite\u662fPython\u5185\u7f6e\u652f\u6301\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u5b89\u88c5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1.2\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u4e3b\u673a\u5730\u5740\u3001\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3001\u5bc6\u7801\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u8fde\u63a5MySQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import mysql.connector<\/p>\n
config = {<\/p>\n
    'user': 'yourusername',<\/p>\n
    'password': 'yourpassword',<\/p>\n
    'host': '127.0.0.1',<\/p>\n
    'database': 'yourdatabase'<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
conn = mysql.connector.connect(config)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8ePostgreSQL\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u65b9\u5f0f\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import psycopg2<\/p>\n
conn = psycopg2.connect(<\/p>\n
    dbname='yourdatabase',<\/p>\n
    user='yourusername',<\/p>\n
    password='yourpassword',<\/p>\n
    host='127.0.0.1'<\/p>\n
)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
SQLite\u5219\u7b80\u5355\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import sqlite3<\/p>\n
conn = sqlite3.connect('yourdatabase.db')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
1.3\u3001\u6267\u884c\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u529f\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fde\u63a5\u5bf9\u8c61\u6267\u884cSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM yourtable")<\/p>\n
for row in cursor.fetchall():<\/p>\n
    print(row)<\/p>\n
cursor.close()<\/p>\n
conn.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528ORM\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u7cfb\u6620\u5c04\uff09\u5de5\u5177<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
ORM\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u6620\u5c04\u4e3aPython\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u66f4\u52a0\u76f4\u89c2\u548c\u6613\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684ORM\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u62ecSQLAlchemy\u548cDjango ORM\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2.1\u3001\u5b89\u88c5ORM\u5de5\u5177<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4ee5SQLAlchemy\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install sqlalchemy<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2.2\u3001\u914d\u7f6eORM\u8fde\u63a5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728SQLAlchemy\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08Connection String\uff09\u7528\u6765\u914d\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5MySQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy import create_engine<\/p>\n
engine = create_engine('mysql+mysqlconnector:\/\/yourusername:yourpassword@127.0.0.1\/yourdatabase')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fde\u63a5PostgreSQL\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
engine = create_engine('postgresql+psycopg2:\/\/yourusername:yourpassword@127.0.0.1\/yourdatabase')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
SQLite\u4e5f\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
engine = create_engine('sqlite:\/\/\/yourdatabase.db')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2.3\u3001\u5b9a\u4e49\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u6267\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u7c7b\u6765\u6620\u5c04\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868\uff0c\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u8868\u6a21\u578b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String<\/p>\n
Base = declarative_base()<\/p>\n
class User(Base):<\/p>\n
    __tablename__ = 'users'<\/p>\n
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)<\/p>\n
    name = Column(String)<\/p>\n
Base.metadata.create_all(engine)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4f1a\u8bdd\uff08Session\uff09\u6267\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker<\/p>\n
Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)<\/p>\n
session = Session()<\/p>\n
new_user = User(name='John Doe')<\/p>\n
session.add(new_user)<\/p>\n
session.commit()<\/p>\n
users = session.query(User).all()<\/p>\n
for user in users:<\/p>\n
    print(user.name)<\/p>\n
session.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u3002Python\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u5e93\u5305\u62ecSQLAlchemy\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u6a21\u5757\u548cDBUtils<\/code>\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3.1\u3001\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
SQLAlchemy\u5185\u7f6e\u4e86\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5df2\u7ecf\u542f\u7528\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6e\u9009\u9879\u8c03\u6574\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6700\u5927\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy import create_engine<\/p>\n
engine = create_engine(<\/p>\n
    'mysql+mysqlconnector:\/\/yourusername:yourpassword@127.0.0.1\/yourdatabase',<\/p>\n
    pool_size=10,<\/p>\n
    max_overflow=20,<\/p>\n
    pool_timeout=30,<\/p>\n
    pool_recycle=1800<\/p>\n
)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3.2\u3001\u4f7f\u7528DBUtils\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528DBUtils<\/code>\u5e93\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5DBUtils<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install DBUtils<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u914d\u7f6e\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from DBUtils.PooledDB import PooledDB<\/p>\n
import mysql.connector<\/p>\n
pool = PooledDB(<\/p>\n
    creator=mysql.connector,<\/p>\n
    maxconnections=10,<\/p>\n
    mincached=2,<\/p>\n
    maxcached=5,<\/p>\n
    maxshared=3,<\/p>\n
    blocking=True,<\/p>\n
    host='127.0.0.1',<\/p>\n
    user='yourusername',<\/p>\n
    password='yourpassword',<\/p>\n
    database='yourdatabase'<\/p>\n
)<\/p>\n
conn = pool.connection()<\/p>\n
cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM yourtable")<\/p>\n
for row in cursor.fetchall():<\/p>\n
    print(row)<\/p>\n
cursor.close()<\/p>\n
conn.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u5904\u7406\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9519\u8bef<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5305\u62ec\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u8d85\u65f6\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u9519\u8bef\u7b49\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6355\u83b7\u5f02\u5e38\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5065\u58ee\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
4.1\u3001\u6355\u83b7\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u9519\u8bef<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u6355\u83b7\u8fde\u63a5\u9519\u8bef\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u68c0\u6d4b\u548c\u5904\u7406\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import mysql.connector<\/p>\n
from mysql.connector import Error<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    conn = mysql.connector.connect(<\/p>\n
        user='yourusername',<\/p>\n
        password='yourpassword',<\/p>\n
        host='127.0.0.1',<\/p>\n
        database='yourdatabase'<\/p>\n
    )<\/p>\n
except Error as e:<\/p>\n
    print(f"Error: {e}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4.2\u3001\u6355\u83b7\u67e5\u8be2\u9519\u8bef<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u67e5\u8be2\u9519\u8bef\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u4e8e\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u8868\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7b49\u539f\u56e0\u5f15\u8d77\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM non_existing_table")<\/p>\n
except Error as e:<\/p>\n
    print(f"Query Error: {e}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4.3\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u9519\u8bef<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u63d2\u5165\u6216\u66f4\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8fdd\u53cd\u552f\u4e00\u7ea6\u675f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
    cursor.execute("INSERT INTO yourtable (id, name) VALUES (1, 'John Doe')")<\/p>\n
    conn.commit()<\/p>\n
except Error as e:<\/p>\n
    print(f"Integrity Error: {e}")<\/p>\n
    conn.rollback()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u5efa\u8bae\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
5.1\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u3002\u524d\u6587\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u548cDBUtils\u914d\u7f6e\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
5.2\u3001\u4f18\u5316\u67e5\u8be2<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f18\u5316\u67e5\u8be2\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u907f\u514d\u5168\u8868\u626b\u63cf\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5\u7b49\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
CREATE INDEX idx_name ON yourtable (name);<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
5.3\u3001\u5b9a\u671f\u7ef4\u62a4\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b9a\u671f\u7ef4\u62a4\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5b9a\u671f\u5907\u4efd\u3001\u6e05\u7406\u65e0\u7528\u6570\u636e\u3001\u4f18\u5316\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\u7b49\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
OPTIMIZE TABLE yourtable;<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
5.4\u3001\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u65e5\u5fd7<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u65e5\u5fd7\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177\u6216\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
SHOW STATUS LIKE 'Threads_connected';<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
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\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u591a\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u5e93\u6765\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528sqlite3<\/code>\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5SQLite\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528psycopg2<\/code>\u6216SQLAlchemy<\/code>\u8fde\u63a5PostgreSQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528PyMySQL<\/code>\u8fde\u63a5MySQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5e93\u4e3b\u8981\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4f60\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u9700\u6c42\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u719f\u6089\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u662f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528try<\/code>\u548cexcept<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u6765\u6355\u83b7\u8fde\u63a5\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6355\u83b7\u5f02\u5e38\u5e76\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5065\u58ee\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
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